Copyright » History » Version 4

Steve Welburn, 2012-11-16 01:22 PM

1 2 Steve Welburn
h2. Copyright
2 2 Steve Welburn
3 4 Steve Welburn
Copyright grants the copyright holder rights relating to the use of the copyright material, in addition certain moral rights are granted to the creator of the materials. Copyright is automatically granted when new *creative* material is produced - i.e. the material must be more than a simple collection of other data. Copyright is a separate item of property to the original work and the sale of the original work does not automatically pass copyright on to the new owner of that work (e.g. selling a score or painting does not automatically transfer the copyright). The particular rights and the duration of the copyright period are affected by the type of material.
4 2 Steve Welburn
5 2 Steve Welburn
For audio and digital music research, rights of particular interest relate to:
6 2 Steve Welburn
* musical compositions and audio recordings - a CD can be covered by three separate copyrights, one for the design of the packaging, one for the sound recording on the CD and one for the musical composition recorded
7 2 Steve Welburn
* typographical arrangements - these cover not only papers (which are also covered as literary works) but also the layout of spreadsheets and design of databases.
8 2 Steve Welburn
9 2 Steve Welburn
It is important to note that copyright does not cover the ideas expressed within a work, only the particular form that that work has been captured in. The data within a spreadsheet is not copyright, only the particular layout of that data.
10 2 Steve Welburn
11 2 Steve Welburn
We note that simple anthologies  - e.g. a collection of "complete works" or works created during a certain period - do not get copyright on the content, although the typographical layout may be copyright.
12 2 Steve Welburn
13 3 Steve Welburn
h3. Moral Rights
14 3 Steve Welburn
15 3 Steve Welburn
The author of a work retains two moral rights regarding the content:
16 3 Steve Welburn
* The right to be identified as the author
17 3 Steve Welburn
* The right to object to derogatory use of the material.
18 3 Steve Welburn
19 2 Steve Welburn
h3. Database rights
20 2 Steve Welburn
21 2 Steve Welburn
"The Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997":http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/made
22 2 Steve Welburn
23 2 Steve Welburn
UK database rights information at "out-law.com":http://www.out-law.com/page-5698
24 2 Steve Welburn
25 2 Steve Welburn
UK database rights at the UK "Intellectual Property Office":http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-otherprotect/c-databaseright.htm
26 2 Steve Welburn
27 2 Steve Welburn
h3. UK
28 2 Steve Welburn
29 2 Steve Welburn
"Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988":http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/contents
30 2 Steve Welburn
31 2 Steve Welburn
Fair dealing / fair use
32 2 Steve Welburn
* doesn't apply to sound recordings, films and broadcasts
33 2 Steve Welburn
* JISC "Guidelines for Fair Dealing in an Electronic Environment":http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/pa/fair/intro.html
34 2 Steve Welburn
* use in "education":http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/part/I/chapter/III/crossheading/education in training or for personal study
35 2 Steve Welburn
* must be copies from originals
36 2 Steve Welburn
37 2 Steve Welburn
Lots of fact sheets at "The UK Copyright Service":http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk
38 2 Steve Welburn
39 2 Steve Welburn
Includes the "Top 10 Copyright Myths":http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/copyright_myths
40 2 Steve Welburn
41 2 Steve Welburn
"UK Intellectual Property Office":http://www.ipo.gov.uk has a "page on copyright":http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy.htm including a downloadable booklet.
42 2 Steve Welburn
43 2 Steve Welburn
UK university materials regarding copyright and intellectual property:
44 2 Steve Welburn
* "QMUL":http://www.library.qmul.ac.uk/copyright
45 2 Steve Welburn
* "University of Cambridge":http://www.caret.cam.ac.uk/copyright/index.html
46 2 Steve Welburn
* "University of Staffordshire":http://www.staffs.ac.uk/legal/copyright/
47 2 Steve Welburn
* "University of Leeds Library":http://library.leeds.ac.uk/copyright
48 2 Steve Welburn
49 2 Steve Welburn
"Pay The Piper":http://www.paythepiper.co.uk has a post explaining "music copyright":http://www.paythepiper.co.uk/copyright.asp 
50 2 Steve Welburn
51 2 Steve Welburn
bq. If you compose a completely original piece of music then it is your own property - you own the copyright, in other words.
52 2 Steve Welburn
53 2 Steve Welburn
bq. Arranging existing music is fraught with difficulties. To put it very simply (and this is indeed a gross simplification) until the composer has been dead for seventy years his music is copyright and you may not make a written arrangement of it without permission. 
54 2 Steve Welburn
55 2 Steve Welburn
...lots more good info on "the page":http://www.paythepiper.co.uk/copyright.asp
56 2 Steve Welburn
57 2 Steve Welburn
"Music Publishers Association - MPA":http://www.mpaonline.org.uk/licensing-music-copyrights
58 2 Steve Welburn
59 2 Steve Welburn
"Performing Rights Society - PRS":http://www.prsformusic.com
60 2 Steve Welburn
61 2 Steve Welburn
"Guide to Copyright in Schools":http://www.licensing-copyright.org/index.html
62 2 Steve Welburn
63 2 Steve Welburn
"PRS - Performing Rights Society":http://www.prsformusic.com/creators/joiningus/Pages/NewMemberFAQs.aspx - FAQ, includes details on copyright
64 2 Steve Welburn
65 2 Steve Welburn
h3. Abroad
66 2 Steve Welburn
67 2 Steve Welburn
Australian IP law "blog posts":http://www.dilanchian.com.au re. media and copyright. Includes:
68 2 Steve Welburn
* "Digital music technology and copyright timeline":http://www.dilanchian.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202:digital-music-technology-and-copyright-timeline&catid=5:ip-tech-a-e-biz&Itemid=144
69 2 Steve Welburn
* "Are adaptations of copyright work legal?":http://www.dilanchian.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=502:are-adaptations-of-copyright-work-legal&catid=23:ip&Itemid=114
70 2 Steve Welburn
* "Music formats and law: commercialisation of 45-rpm records":http://www.dilanchian.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=196:music-formats-and-law-commercialisation-of-45-rpm-records&catid=23&Itemid=114
71 2 Steve Welburn
* "Creative Commons licences are useful but oversold":http://www.dilanchian.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=233:creative-commons-licences-are-useful-but-oversold&catid=5:ip-tech-a-e-biz&Itemid=144
72 2 Steve Welburn
73 2 Steve Welburn
US articles from Public Domain Sherpa "Tutorial on Copyright and the Public Domain":http://www.publicdomainsherpa.com/copyright-public-domain.html
74 2 Steve Welburn
* "What makes a derivative work":http://www.publicdomainsherpa.com/derivative-work.html
75 2 Steve Welburn
??derivative must use enough of the prior work  that the average person would conclude that it had been based on or adapted from the prior work??
76 2 Steve Welburn
* "Compilations":http://www.publicdomainsherpa.com/compilation.html
77 2 Steve Welburn
??compilations are (c) if they show minimal creativity?? (e.g. not just all works by someone or by date)
78 2 Steve Welburn
* "Copyright Renewal":http://www.publicdomainsherpa.com/copyright-renewal.html
79 2 Steve Welburn
Many works did not have copyright renewed and therefore went *out of copyright* and into the public domain in the US - estimated 15% of works had copyright renewed. Renewals will appear in the "online US copyright database":http://www.copyright.gov/records/ for works from 1950-1963, 
80 2 Steve Welburn
81 2 Steve Welburn
CHM Super Sound (a South Pacific record company) "state that":http://www.chmsupersound.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=170:theadaptationanduseofcopyrighttunesandmelodiesbypngmusicians-&catid=1:latest&Itemid=7 :
82 2 Steve Welburn
83 2 Steve Welburn
bq. A melodic phrase of a song is in copyright. The lyrics are in copyright. Chord progressions in a music composition however, are not copyright material.
84 2 Steve Welburn
85 2 Steve Welburn
University of Washington "Copyright Connection":http://depts.washington.edu/uwcopy/Copyright_Connection/
86 2 Steve Welburn
87 2 Steve Welburn
WIPO "Understanding Copyright and Related Rights":http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/intproperty/909/wipo_pub_909.html
88 2 Steve Welburn
89 2 Steve Welburn
"Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works":http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/
90 2 Steve Welburn
91 2 Steve Welburn
Chord Progressions and Copyright:
92 2 Steve Welburn
* "LegaliBlog (AUS)":http://legalit.com.au/legaliblog/?p=28
93 2 Steve Welburn
* "Essential Secrets of Song Writing blog (US?)":http://garyewer.wordpress.com/2009/06/14/can-you-use-someone-elses-chord-progression/"