Sound Data Management Training

h1. Archiving research data

For archival purposes data needs to be stored in a location which provides facilities for long-term preservation of data. As well as standard data management concerns (e.g. backup, documentation) the media and the file formats will need to be appropriate for long-term use.

This may involve:

* refreshing the media at suitable intervals by moving data onto new media

* creating copies of the data in new formats to allow their use (e.g. converting data in closed formats to open formats, updating data to new versions of file formats).

h2. Media

Archive copies of data may be held on the same types of media as used during research. Additionally, Write-Once media (e.g. CD-R, DVD+/-R, BDR) may be appropriate.

Removable drives (e.g. USB flash drives, firewire HDD) may be used, but there is a risk of hardware failure with these devices - they are not "just" data storage.

Removable media (e.g. CD-R, tapes) do not have the risk of hardware failure but the media themselves may be damaged or become unusable - the estimated lifetime of an optical disc is 2-100 years. Whether a specific disc will last 2 years or 100 is not something that can easily be judged - although buying high quality media rather than cheap packs of 100 discs may help.

With all external / removable options, there is a risk of obsolescence

* devices to read removable media may no longer be commonplace (e.g. floppy disc drives)

* formats used for removable media may no longer be supported (e.g. various formats for DVD-RAM discs)

* interfaces used for removable drives may no longer be commonplace (e.g. parallel or SCSI ports)

h2. File Formats

In the future, current audio formats may become obsolete, we therefore recommend that when archiving audio files, copies of the data should be stored in an open lossless format as well as in the original format. We would currently recommend using "FLAC":http://flac.sourceforge.net/.