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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "FFMPEG-PROTOCOLS 1"
.TH FFMPEG-PROTOCOLS 1 "2013-04-21" " " " "
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
ffmpeg\-protocols \- FFmpeg protocols
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This document describes the input and output protocols provided by the
libavformat library.
.SH "PROTOCOLS"
.IX Header "PROTOCOLS"
Protocols are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow to access
resources which require the use of a particular protocol.
.PP
When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported protocols are
enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the
configure option \*(L"\-\-list\-protocols\*(R".
.PP
You can disable all the protocols using the configure option
\&\*(L"\-\-disable\-protocols\*(R", and selectively enable a protocol using the
option "\-\-enable\-protocol=\fI\s-1PROTOCOL\s0\fR\*(L", or you can disable a
particular protocol using the option
\&\*(R"\-\-disable\-protocol=\fI\s-1PROTOCOL\s0\fR".
.PP
The option \*(L"\-protocols\*(R" of the ff* tools will display the list of
supported protocols.
.PP
A description of the currently available protocols follows.
.SS "bluray"
.IX Subsection "bluray"
Read BluRay playlist.
.PP
The accepted options are:
.IP "\fBangle\fR" 4
.IX Item "angle"
BluRay angle
.IP "\fBchapter\fR" 4
.IX Item "chapter"
Start chapter (1...N)
.IP "\fBplaylist\fR" 4
.IX Item "playlist"
Playlist to read (\s-1BDMV/PLAYLIST/\s0?????.mpls)
.PP
Examples:
.PP
Read longest playlist from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        bluray:/mnt/bluray
.Ve
.PP
Read angle 2 of playlist 4 from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray, start from chapter 2:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        \-playlist 4 \-angle 2 \-chapter 2 bluray:/mnt/bluray
.Ve
.SS "concat"
.IX Subsection "concat"
Physical concatenation protocol.
.PP
Allow to read and seek from many resource in sequence as if they were
a unique resource.
.PP
A \s-1URL\s0 accepted by this protocol has the syntax:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        concat:<URL1>|<URL2>|...|<URLN>
.Ve
.PP
where \fI\s-1URL1\s0\fR, \fI\s-1URL2\s0\fR, ..., \fI\s-1URLN\s0\fR are the urls of the
resource to be concatenated, each one possibly specifying a distinct
protocol.
.PP
For example to read a sequence of files \fIsplit1.mpeg\fR,
\&\fIsplit2.mpeg\fR, \fIsplit3.mpeg\fR with \fBffplay\fR use the
command:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay concat:split1.mpeg\e|split2.mpeg\e|split3.mpeg
.Ve
.PP
Note that you may need to escape the character \*(L"|\*(R" which is special for
many shells.
.SS "data"
.IX Subsection "data"
Data in-line in the \s-1URI\s0. See <\fBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme\fR>.
.PP
For example, to convert a \s-1GIF\s0 file given inline with \fBffmpeg\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhCAAIAMIEAAAAAAAA//8AAP//AP///////////////ywAAAAACAAIAAADF0gEDLojDgdGiJdJqUX02iB4E8Q9jUMkADs=" smiley.png
.Ve
.SS "file"
.IX Subsection "file"
File access protocol.
.PP
Allow to read from or read to a file.
.PP
For example to read from a file \fIinput.mpeg\fR with \fBffmpeg\fR
use the command:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i file:input.mpeg output.mpeg
.Ve
.PP
The ff* tools default to the file protocol, that is a resource
specified with the name \*(L"\s-1FILE\s0.mpeg\*(R" is interpreted as the \s-1URL\s0
\&\*(L"file:FILE.mpeg\*(R".
.SS "gopher"
.IX Subsection "gopher"
Gopher protocol.
.SS "hls"
.IX Subsection "hls"
Read Apple \s-1HTTP\s0 Live Streaming compliant segmented stream as
a uniform one. The M3U8 playlists describing the segments can be
remote \s-1HTTP\s0 resources or local files, accessed using the standard
file protocol.
The nested protocol is declared by specifying
"+\fIproto\fR" after the hls \s-1URI\s0 scheme name, where \fIproto\fR
is either \*(L"file\*(R" or \*(L"http\*(R".
.PP
.Vb 2
\&        hls+http://host/path/to/remote/resource.m3u8
\&        hls+file://path/to/local/resource.m3u8
.Ve
.PP
Using this protocol is discouraged \- the hls demuxer should work
just as well (if not, please report the issues) and is more complete.
To use the hls demuxer instead, simply use the direct URLs to the
m3u8 files.
.SS "http"
.IX Subsection "http"
\&\s-1HTTP\s0 (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).
.PP
This protocol accepts the following options.
.IP "\fBseekable\fR" 4
.IX Item "seekable"
Control seekability of connection. If set to 1 the resource is
supposed to be seekable, if set to 0 it is assumed not to be seekable,
if set to \-1 it will try to autodetect if it is seekable. Default
value is \-1.
.IP "\fBchunked_post\fR" 4
.IX Item "chunked_post"
If set to 1 use chunked transfer-encoding for posts, default is 1.
.IP "\fBheaders\fR" 4
.IX Item "headers"
Set custom \s-1HTTP\s0 headers, can override built in default headers. The
value must be a string encoding the headers.
.IP "\fBcontent_type\fR" 4
.IX Item "content_type"
Force a content type.
.IP "\fBuser-agent\fR" 4
.IX Item "user-agent"
Override User-Agent header. If not specified the protocol will use a
string describing the libavformat build.
.IP "\fBmultiple_requests\fR" 4
.IX Item "multiple_requests"
Use persistent connections if set to 1. By default it is 0.
.IP "\fBpost_data\fR" 4
.IX Item "post_data"
Set custom \s-1HTTP\s0 post data.
.IP "\fBtimeout\fR" 4
.IX Item "timeout"
Set timeout of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level
operation. By default it is set to \-1, which means that the timeout is
not specified.
.IP "\fBmime_type\fR" 4
.IX Item "mime_type"
Set \s-1MIME\s0 type.
.IP "\fBcookies\fR" 4
.IX Item "cookies"
Set the cookies to be sent in future requests. The format of each cookie is the
same as the value of a Set-Cookie \s-1HTTP\s0 response field. Multiple cookies can be
delimited by a newline character.
.PP
\fI\s-1HTTP\s0 Cookies\fR
.IX Subsection "HTTP Cookies"
.PP
Some \s-1HTTP\s0 requests will be denied unless cookie values are passed in with the
request. The \fBcookies\fR option allows these cookies to be specified. At
the very least, each cookie must specify a value along with a path and domain.
\&\s-1HTTP\s0 requests that match both the domain and path will automatically include the
cookie value in the \s-1HTTP\s0 Cookie header field. Multiple cookies can be delimited
by a newline.
.PP
The required syntax to play a stream specifying a cookie is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay \-cookies "nlqptid=nltid=tsn; path=/; domain=somedomain.com;" http://somedomain.com/somestream.m3u8
.Ve
.SS "mmst"
.IX Subsection "mmst"
\&\s-1MMS\s0 (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over \s-1TCP\s0.
.SS "mmsh"
.IX Subsection "mmsh"
\&\s-1MMS\s0 (Microsoft Media Server) protocol over \s-1HTTP\s0.
.PP
The required syntax is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        mmsh://<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<playpath>]
.Ve
.SS "md5"
.IX Subsection "md5"
\&\s-1MD5\s0 output protocol.
.PP
Computes the \s-1MD5\s0 hash of the data to be written, and on close writes
this to the designated output or stdout if none is specified. It can
be used to test muxers without writing an actual file.
.PP
Some examples follow.
.PP
.Vb 2
\&        # Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to the file output.avi.md5.
\&        ffmpeg \-i input.flv \-f avi \-y md5:output.avi.md5
\&        
\&        # Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to stdout.
\&        ffmpeg \-i input.flv \-f avi \-y md5:
.Ve
.PP
Note that some formats (typically \s-1MOV\s0) require the output protocol to
be seekable, so they will fail with the \s-1MD5\s0 output protocol.
.SS "pipe"
.IX Subsection "pipe"
\&\s-1UNIX\s0 pipe access protocol.
.PP
Allow to read and write from \s-1UNIX\s0 pipes.
.PP
The accepted syntax is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        pipe:[<number>]
.Ve
.PP
\&\fInumber\fR is the number corresponding to the file descriptor of the
pipe (e.g. 0 for stdin, 1 for stdout, 2 for stderr).  If \fInumber\fR
is not specified, by default the stdout file descriptor will be used
for writing, stdin for reading.
.PP
For example to read from stdin with \fBffmpeg\fR:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&        cat test.wav | ffmpeg \-i pipe:0
\&        # ...this is the same as...
\&        cat test.wav | ffmpeg \-i pipe:
.Ve
.PP
For writing to stdout with \fBffmpeg\fR:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&        ffmpeg \-i test.wav \-f avi pipe:1 | cat > test.avi
\&        # ...this is the same as...
\&        ffmpeg \-i test.wav \-f avi pipe: | cat > test.avi
.Ve
.PP
Note that some formats (typically \s-1MOV\s0), require the output protocol to
be seekable, so they will fail with the pipe output protocol.
.SS "rtmp"
.IX Subsection "rtmp"
Real-Time Messaging Protocol.
.PP
The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (\s-1RTMP\s0) is used for streaming multimedia
content across a \s-1TCP/IP\s0 network.
.PP
The required syntax is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        rtmp://<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<instance>][/<playpath>]
.Ve
.PP
The accepted parameters are:
.IP "\fBserver\fR" 4
.IX Item "server"
The address of the \s-1RTMP\s0 server.
.IP "\fBport\fR" 4
.IX Item "port"
The number of the \s-1TCP\s0 port to use (by default is 1935).
.IP "\fBapp\fR" 4
.IX Item "app"
It is the name of the application to access. It usually corresponds to
the path where the application is installed on the \s-1RTMP\s0 server
(e.g. \fI/ondemand/\fR, \fI/flash/live/\fR, etc.). You can override
the value parsed from the \s-1URI\s0 through the \f(CW\*(C`rtmp_app\*(C'\fR option, too.
.IP "\fBplaypath\fR" 4
.IX Item "playpath"
It is the path or name of the resource to play with reference to the
application specified in \fIapp\fR, may be prefixed by \*(L"mp4:\*(R". You
can override the value parsed from the \s-1URI\s0 through the \f(CW\*(C`rtmp_playpath\*(C'\fR
option, too.
.IP "\fBlisten\fR" 4
.IX Item "listen"
Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
.IP "\fBtimeout\fR" 4
.IX Item "timeout"
Maximum time to wait for the incoming connection. Implies listen.
.PP
Additionally, the following parameters can be set via command line options
(or in code via \f(CW\*(C`AVOption\*(C'\fRs):
.IP "\fBrtmp_app\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_app"
Name of application to connect on the \s-1RTMP\s0 server. This option
overrides the parameter specified in the \s-1URI\s0.
.IP "\fBrtmp_buffer\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_buffer"
Set the client buffer time in milliseconds. The default is 3000.
.IP "\fBrtmp_conn\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_conn"
Extra arbitrary \s-1AMF\s0 connection parameters, parsed from a string,
e.g. like \f(CW\*(C`B:1 S:authMe O:1 NN:code:1.23 NS:flag:ok O:0\*(C'\fR.
Each value is prefixed by a single character denoting the type,
B for Boolean, N for number, S for string, O for object, or Z for null,
followed by a colon. For Booleans the data must be either 0 or 1 for
\&\s-1FALSE\s0 or \s-1TRUE\s0, respectively.  Likewise for Objects the data must be 0 or
1 to end or begin an object, respectively. Data items in subobjects may
be named, by prefixing the type with 'N' and specifying the name before
the value (i.e. \f(CW\*(C`NB:myFlag:1\*(C'\fR). This option may be used multiple
times to construct arbitrary \s-1AMF\s0 sequences.
.IP "\fBrtmp_flashver\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_flashver"
Version of the Flash plugin used to run the \s-1SWF\s0 player. The default
is \s-1LNX\s0 9,0,124,2.
.IP "\fBrtmp_flush_interval\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_flush_interval"
Number of packets flushed in the same request (\s-1RTMPT\s0 only). The default
is 10.
.IP "\fBrtmp_live\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_live"
Specify that the media is a live stream. No resuming or seeking in
live streams is possible. The default value is \f(CW\*(C`any\*(C'\fR, which means the
subscriber first tries to play the live stream specified in the
playpath. If a live stream of that name is not found, it plays the
recorded stream. The other possible values are \f(CW\*(C`live\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`recorded\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fBrtmp_pageurl\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_pageurl"
\&\s-1URL\s0 of the web page in which the media was embedded. By default no
value will be sent.
.IP "\fBrtmp_playpath\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_playpath"
Stream identifier to play or to publish. This option overrides the
parameter specified in the \s-1URI\s0.
.IP "\fBrtmp_subscribe\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_subscribe"
Name of live stream to subscribe to. By default no value will be sent.
It is only sent if the option is specified or if rtmp_live
is set to live.
.IP "\fBrtmp_swfhash\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_swfhash"
\&\s-1SHA256\s0 hash of the decompressed \s-1SWF\s0 file (32 bytes).
.IP "\fBrtmp_swfsize\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_swfsize"
Size of the decompressed \s-1SWF\s0 file, required for SWFVerification.
.IP "\fBrtmp_swfurl\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_swfurl"
\&\s-1URL\s0 of the \s-1SWF\s0 player for the media. By default no value will be sent.
.IP "\fBrtmp_swfverify\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_swfverify"
\&\s-1URL\s0 to player swf file, compute hash/size automatically.
.IP "\fBrtmp_tcurl\fR" 4
.IX Item "rtmp_tcurl"
\&\s-1URL\s0 of the target stream. Defaults to proto://host[:port]/app.
.PP
For example to read with \fBffplay\fR a multimedia resource named
\&\*(L"sample\*(R" from the application \*(L"vod\*(R" from an \s-1RTMP\s0 server \*(L"myserver\*(R":
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay rtmp://myserver/vod/sample
.Ve
.SS "rtmpe"
.IX Subsection "rtmpe"
Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol.
.PP
The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol (\s-1RTMPE\s0) is used for
streaming multimedia content within standard cryptographic primitives,
consisting of Diffie-Hellman key exchange and \s-1HMACSHA256\s0, generating
a pair of \s-1RC4\s0 keys.
.SS "rtmps"
.IX Subsection "rtmps"
Real-Time Messaging Protocol over a secure \s-1SSL\s0 connection.
.PP
The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (\s-1RTMPS\s0) is used for streaming
multimedia content across an encrypted connection.
.SS "rtmpt"
.IX Subsection "rtmpt"
Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTP\s0.
.PP
The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTP\s0 (\s-1RTMPT\s0) is used
for streaming multimedia content within \s-1HTTP\s0 requests to traverse
firewalls.
.SS "rtmpte"
.IX Subsection "rtmpte"
Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTP\s0.
.PP
The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTP\s0 (\s-1RTMPTE\s0)
is used for streaming multimedia content within \s-1HTTP\s0 requests to traverse
firewalls.
.SS "rtmpts"
.IX Subsection "rtmpts"
Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTPS\s0.
.PP
The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through \s-1HTTPS\s0 (\s-1RTMPTS\s0) is used
for streaming multimedia content within \s-1HTTPS\s0 requests to traverse
firewalls.
.SS "rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte"
.IX Subsection "rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte"
Real-Time Messaging Protocol and its variants supported through
librtmp.
.PP
Requires the presence of the librtmp headers and library during
configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with
\&\*(L"\-\-enable\-librtmp\*(R". If enabled this will replace the native \s-1RTMP\s0
protocol.
.PP
This protocol provides most client functions and a few server
functions needed to support \s-1RTMP\s0, \s-1RTMP\s0 tunneled in \s-1HTTP\s0 (\s-1RTMPT\s0),
encrypted \s-1RTMP\s0 (\s-1RTMPE\s0), \s-1RTMP\s0 over \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 (\s-1RTMPS\s0) and tunneled
variants of these encrypted types (\s-1RTMPTE\s0, \s-1RTMPTS\s0).
.PP
The required syntax is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        <rtmp_proto>://<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<playpath>] <options>
.Ve
.PP
where \fIrtmp_proto\fR is one of the strings \*(L"rtmp\*(R", \*(L"rtmpt\*(R", \*(L"rtmpe\*(R",
\&\*(L"rtmps\*(R", \*(L"rtmpte\*(R", \*(L"rtmpts\*(R" corresponding to each \s-1RTMP\s0 variant, and
\&\fIserver\fR, \fIport\fR, \fIapp\fR and \fIplaypath\fR have the same
meaning as specified for the \s-1RTMP\s0 native protocol.
\&\fIoptions\fR contains a list of space-separated options of the form
\&\fIkey\fR=\fIval\fR.
.PP
See the librtmp manual page (man 3 librtmp) for more information.
.PP
For example, to stream a file in real-time to an \s-1RTMP\s0 server using
\&\fBffmpeg\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-re \-i myfile \-f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream
.Ve
.PP
To play the same stream using \fBffplay\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay "rtmp://myserver/live/mystream live=1"
.Ve
.SS "rtp"
.IX Subsection "rtp"
Real-Time Protocol.
.SS "rtsp"
.IX Subsection "rtsp"
\&\s-1RTSP\s0 is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a demuxer
and muxer. The demuxer supports both normal \s-1RTSP\s0 (with data transferred
over \s-1RTP\s0; this is used by e.g. Apple and Microsoft) and Real-RTSP (with
data transferred over \s-1RDT\s0).
.PP
The muxer can be used to send a stream using \s-1RTSP\s0 \s-1ANNOUNCE\s0 to a server
supporting it (currently Darwin Streaming Server and Mischa Spiegelmock's
<\fBhttp://github.com/revmischa/rtsp\-server\fR>).
.PP
The required syntax for a \s-1RTSP\s0 url is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        rtsp://<hostname>[:<port>]/<path>
.Ve
.PP
The following options (set on the \fBffmpeg\fR/\fBffplay\fR command
line, or set in code via \f(CW\*(C`AVOption\*(C'\fRs or in \f(CW\*(C`avformat_open_input\*(C'\fR),
are supported:
.PP
Flags for \f(CW\*(C`rtsp_transport\*(C'\fR:
.IP "\fBudp\fR" 4
.IX Item "udp"
Use \s-1UDP\s0 as lower transport protocol.
.IP "\fBtcp\fR" 4
.IX Item "tcp"
Use \s-1TCP\s0 (interleaving within the \s-1RTSP\s0 control channel) as lower
transport protocol.
.IP "\fBudp_multicast\fR" 4
.IX Item "udp_multicast"
Use \s-1UDP\s0 multicast as lower transport protocol.
.IP "\fBhttp\fR" 4
.IX Item "http"
Use \s-1HTTP\s0 tunneling as lower transport protocol, which is useful for
passing proxies.
.PP
Multiple lower transport protocols may be specified, in that case they are
tried one at a time (if the setup of one fails, the next one is tried).
For the muxer, only the \f(CW\*(C`tcp\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`udp\*(C'\fR options are supported.
.PP
Flags for \f(CW\*(C`rtsp_flags\*(C'\fR:
.IP "\fBfilter_src\fR" 4
.IX Item "filter_src"
Accept packets only from negotiated peer address and port.
.IP "\fBlisten\fR" 4
.IX Item "listen"
Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
.PP
When receiving data over \s-1UDP\s0, the demuxer tries to reorder received packets
(since they may arrive out of order, or packets may get lost totally). This
can be disabled by setting the maximum demuxing delay to zero (via
the \f(CW\*(C`max_delay\*(C'\fR field of AVFormatContext).
.PP
When watching multi-bitrate Real-RTSP streams with \fBffplay\fR, the
streams to display can be chosen with \f(CW\*(C`\-vst\*(C'\fR \fIn\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`\-ast\*(C'\fR \fIn\fR for video and audio respectively, and can be switched
on the fly by pressing \f(CW\*(C`v\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR.
.PP
Example command lines:
.PP
To watch a stream over \s-1UDP\s0, with a max reordering delay of 0.5 seconds:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay \-max_delay 500000 \-rtsp_transport udp rtsp://server/video.mp4
.Ve
.PP
To watch a stream tunneled over \s-1HTTP:\s0
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay \-rtsp_transport http rtsp://server/video.mp4
.Ve
.PP
To send a stream in realtime to a \s-1RTSP\s0 server, for others to watch:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-re \-i <input> \-f rtsp \-muxdelay 0.1 rtsp://server/live.sdp
.Ve
.PP
To receive a stream in realtime:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-rtsp_flags listen \-i rtsp://ownaddress/live.sdp <output>
.Ve
.IP "\fBstimeout\fR" 4
.IX Item "stimeout"
Socket \s-1IO\s0 timeout in micro seconds.
.SS "sap"
.IX Subsection "sap"
Session Announcement Protocol (\s-1RFC\s0 2974). This is not technically a
protocol handler in libavformat, it is a muxer and demuxer.
It is used for signalling of \s-1RTP\s0 streams, by announcing the \s-1SDP\s0 for the
streams regularly on a separate port.
.PP
\fIMuxer\fR
.IX Subsection "Muxer"
.PP
The syntax for a \s-1SAP\s0 url given to the muxer is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        sap://<destination>[:<port>][?<options>]
.Ve
.PP
The \s-1RTP\s0 packets are sent to \fIdestination\fR on port \fIport\fR,
or to port 5004 if no port is specified.
\&\fIoptions\fR is a \f(CW\*(C`&\*(C'\fR\-separated list. The following options
are supported:
.IP "\fBannounce_addr=\fR\fIaddress\fR" 4
.IX Item "announce_addr=address"
Specify the destination \s-1IP\s0 address for sending the announcements to.
If omitted, the announcements are sent to the commonly used \s-1SAP\s0
announcement multicast address 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net), or
ff0e::2:7ffe if \fIdestination\fR is an IPv6 address.
.IP "\fBannounce_port=\fR\fIport\fR" 4
.IX Item "announce_port=port"
Specify the port to send the announcements on, defaults to
9875 if not specified.
.IP "\fBttl=\fR\fIttl\fR" 4
.IX Item "ttl=ttl"
Specify the time to live value for the announcements and \s-1RTP\s0 packets,
defaults to 255.
.IP "\fBsame_port=\fR\fI0|1\fR" 4
.IX Item "same_port=0|1"
If set to 1, send all \s-1RTP\s0 streams on the same port pair. If zero (the
default), all streams are sent on unique ports, with each stream on a
port 2 numbers higher than the previous.
VLC/Live555 requires this to be set to 1, to be able to receive the stream.
The \s-1RTP\s0 stack in libavformat for receiving requires all streams to be sent
on unique ports.
.PP
Example command lines follow.
.PP
To broadcast a stream on the local subnet, for watching in \s-1VLC:\s0
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-re \-i <input> \-f sap sap://224.0.0.255?same_port=1
.Ve
.PP
Similarly, for watching in \fBffplay\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-re \-i <input> \-f sap sap://224.0.0.255
.Ve
.PP
And for watching in \fBffplay\fR, over IPv6:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-re \-i <input> \-f sap sap://[ff0e::1:2:3:4]
.Ve
.PP
\fIDemuxer\fR
.IX Subsection "Demuxer"
.PP
The syntax for a \s-1SAP\s0 url given to the demuxer is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        sap://[<address>][:<port>]
.Ve
.PP
\&\fIaddress\fR is the multicast address to listen for announcements on,
if omitted, the default 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net) is used. \fIport\fR
is the port that is listened on, 9875 if omitted.
.PP
The demuxers listens for announcements on the given address and port.
Once an announcement is received, it tries to receive that particular stream.
.PP
Example command lines follow.
.PP
To play back the first stream announced on the normal \s-1SAP\s0 multicast address:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay sap://
.Ve
.PP
To play back the first stream announced on one the default IPv6 \s-1SAP\s0 multicast address:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay sap://[ff0e::2:7ffe]
.Ve
.SS "tcp"
.IX Subsection "tcp"
Trasmission Control Protocol.
.PP
The required syntax for a \s-1TCP\s0 url is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        tcp://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]
.Ve
.IP "\fBlisten\fR" 4
.IX Item "listen"
Listen for an incoming connection
.IP "\fBtimeout=\fR\fImicroseconds\fR" 4
.IX Item "timeout=microseconds"
In read mode: if no data arrived in more than this time interval, raise error.
In write mode: if socket cannot be written in more than this time interval, raise error.
This also sets timeout on \s-1TCP\s0 connection establishing.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&        ffmpeg \-i <input> \-f <format> tcp://<hostname>:<port>?listen
\&        ffplay tcp://<hostname>:<port>
.Ve
.SS "tls"
.IX Subsection "tls"
Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer
.PP
The required syntax for a \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 url is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        tls://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]
.Ve
.IP "\fBlisten\fR" 4
.IX Item "listen"
Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
.IP "\fBcafile=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "cafile=filename"
Certificate authority file. The file must be in OpenSSL \s-1PEM\s0 format.
.IP "\fBcert=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "cert=filename"
Certificate file. The file must be in OpenSSL \s-1PEM\s0 format.
.IP "\fBkey=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "key=filename"
Private key file.
.IP "\fBverify=\fR\fI0|1\fR" 4
.IX Item "verify=0|1"
Verify the peer's certificate.
.PP
Example command lines:
.PP
To create a \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 server that serves an input stream.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i <input> \-f <format> tls://<hostname>:<port>?listen&cert=<server.crt>&key=<server.key>
.Ve
.PP
To play back a stream from the \s-1TLS/SSL\s0 server using \fBffplay\fR:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffplay tls://<hostname>:<port>
.Ve
.SS "udp"
.IX Subsection "udp"
User Datagram Protocol.
.PP
The required syntax for a \s-1UDP\s0 url is:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        udp://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]
.Ve
.PP
\&\fIoptions\fR contains a list of &\-separated options of the form \fIkey\fR=\fIval\fR.
.PP
In case threading is enabled on the system, a circular buffer is used
to store the incoming data, which allows to reduce loss of data due to
\&\s-1UDP\s0 socket buffer overruns. The \fIfifo_size\fR and
\&\fIoverrun_nonfatal\fR options are related to this buffer.
.PP
The list of supported options follows.
.IP "\fBbuffer_size=\fR\fIsize\fR" 4
.IX Item "buffer_size=size"
Set the \s-1UDP\s0 socket buffer size in bytes. This is used both for the
receiving and the sending buffer size.
.IP "\fBlocalport=\fR\fIport\fR" 4
.IX Item "localport=port"
Override the local \s-1UDP\s0 port to bind with.
.IP "\fBlocaladdr=\fR\fIaddr\fR" 4
.IX Item "localaddr=addr"
Choose the local \s-1IP\s0 address. This is useful e.g. if sending multicast
and the host has multiple interfaces, where the user can choose
which interface to send on by specifying the \s-1IP\s0 address of that interface.
.IP "\fBpkt_size=\fR\fIsize\fR" 4
.IX Item "pkt_size=size"
Set the size in bytes of \s-1UDP\s0 packets.
.IP "\fBreuse=\fR\fI1|0\fR" 4
.IX Item "reuse=1|0"
Explicitly allow or disallow reusing \s-1UDP\s0 sockets.
.IP "\fBttl=\fR\fIttl\fR" 4
.IX Item "ttl=ttl"
Set the time to live value (for multicast only).
.IP "\fBconnect=\fR\fI1|0\fR" 4
.IX Item "connect=1|0"
Initialize the \s-1UDP\s0 socket with \f(CW\*(C`connect()\*(C'\fR. In this case, the
destination address can't be changed with ff_udp_set_remote_url later.
If the destination address isn't known at the start, this option can
be specified in ff_udp_set_remote_url, too.
This allows finding out the source address for the packets with getsockname,
and makes writes return with \s-1AVERROR\s0(\s-1ECONNREFUSED\s0) if \*(L"destination
unreachable\*(R" is received.
For receiving, this gives the benefit of only receiving packets from
the specified peer address/port.
.IP "\fBsources=\fR\fIaddress\fR\fB[,\fR\fIaddress\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "sources=address[,address]"
Only receive packets sent to the multicast group from one of the
specified sender \s-1IP\s0 addresses.
.IP "\fBblock=\fR\fIaddress\fR\fB[,\fR\fIaddress\fR\fB]\fR" 4
.IX Item "block=address[,address]"
Ignore packets sent to the multicast group from the specified
sender \s-1IP\s0 addresses.
.IP "\fBfifo_size=\fR\fIunits\fR" 4
.IX Item "fifo_size=units"
Set the \s-1UDP\s0 receiving circular buffer size, expressed as a number of
packets with size of 188 bytes. If not specified defaults to 7*4096.
.IP "\fBoverrun_nonfatal=\fR\fI1|0\fR" 4
.IX Item "overrun_nonfatal=1|0"
Survive in case of \s-1UDP\s0 receiving circular buffer overrun. Default
value is 0.
.IP "\fBtimeout=\fR\fImicroseconds\fR" 4
.IX Item "timeout=microseconds"
In read mode: if no data arrived in more than this time interval, raise error.
.PP
Some usage examples of the \s-1UDP\s0 protocol with \fBffmpeg\fR follow.
.PP
To stream over \s-1UDP\s0 to a remote endpoint:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i <input> \-f <format> udp://<hostname>:<port>
.Ve
.PP
To stream in mpegts format over \s-1UDP\s0 using 188 sized \s-1UDP\s0 packets, using a large input buffer:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i <input> \-f mpegts udp://<hostname>:<port>?pkt_size=188&buffer_size=65535
.Ve
.PP
To receive over \s-1UDP\s0 from a remote endpoint:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&        ffmpeg \-i udp://[<multicast\-address>]:<port>
.Ve
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIffmpeg\fR\|(1), \fIffplay\fR\|(1), \fIffprobe\fR\|(1), \fIffserver\fR\|(1), \fIlibavformat\fR\|(3)
.SH "AUTHORS"
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
The FFmpeg developers.
.PP
For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
(git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command
\&\fBgit log\fR in the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the
online repository at <\fBhttp://source.ffmpeg.org\fR>.
.PP
Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
\&\fI\s-1MAINTAINERS\s0\fR in the source code tree.