annotate trunk/carfac/ear.cc @ 621:d763637a05c5

Second check-in of Alex Brandmeyer's C++ implementation of CARFAC. Addressed style issues and completed implementation of remaining functions. Still needs proper testing of the output stages against the MATLAB version, and runtime functions need improvements in efficiency.

//
//  ear.cc
//  CARFAC Open Source C++ Library
//
//  Created by Alex Brandmeyer on 5/10/13.
//
// This C++ file is part of an implementation of Lyon's cochlear model:
// "Cascade of Asymmetric Resonators with Fast-Acting Compression"
// to supplement Lyon's upcoming book "Human and Machine Hearing"
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "ear.h"

// The 'InitEar' function takes a set of model parameters and initializes the
// design coefficients and model state variables needed for running the model
// on a single audio channel. 
void Ear::InitEar(int n_ch, long fs, FloatArray pole_freqs,
                  CARParams car_p, IHCParams ihc_p, AGCParams agc_p) {
  // The first section of code determines the number of channels that will be
  // used in the model on the basis of the sample rate and the CAR parameters
  // that have been passed to this function.
  n_ch_ = n_ch;
  // These functions use the parameters that have been passed to design the
  // coefficients for the three stages of the model.
  DesignFilters(car_p, fs, pole_freqs);
  DesignIHC(ihc_p, fs);
  DesignAGC(agc_p, fs);
  // Once the coefficients have been determined, we can initialize the state
  // variables that will be used during runtime.
  InitCARState();
  InitIHCState();
  InitAGCState();
}

void Ear::DesignFilters(CARParams car_params, long fs,
                              FloatArray pole_freqs) {
  car_coeffs_.velocity_scale_ = car_params.velocity_scale_;
  car_coeffs_.v_offset_ = car_params.v_offset_;
  car_coeffs_.r1_coeffs_.resize(n_ch_);
  car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_.resize(n_ch_);
  car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_.resize(n_ch_);
  car_coeffs_.h_coeffs_.resize(n_ch_);
  car_coeffs_.g0_coeffs_.resize(n_ch_);
  FPType f = car_params.zero_ratio_ * car_params.zero_ratio_ - 1;
  FloatArray theta = pole_freqs * ((2 * PI) / fs);
  car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_ = sin(theta);
  car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_ = cos(theta);
  FPType ff = car_params.high_f_damping_compression_;
  FloatArray x = theta / PI;
  car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_ = PI * (x - (ff * (x * x * x)));
  FPType max_zeta = car_params.max_zeta_;
  FPType min_zeta = car_params.min_zeta_;
  car_coeffs_.r1_coeffs_ = (1 - (car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_ * max_zeta));
  FPType curfreq;
  FloatArray erb_freqs(n_ch_);
  for (int ch=0; ch < n_ch_; ch++) {
    curfreq = pole_freqs(ch);
    erb_freqs(ch) = ERBHz(curfreq, car_params.erb_break_freq_,
                          car_params.erb_q_);
  }
  FloatArray min_zetas = min_zeta + (0.25 * ((erb_freqs / pole_freqs) - min_zeta));
  car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_ *= max_zeta - min_zetas;
  car_coeffs_.h_coeffs_ = car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_ * f;
  FloatArray relative_undamping = FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
  FloatArray r = car_coeffs_.r1_coeffs_ +
                 (car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_ * relative_undamping);
  car_coeffs_.g0_coeffs_ = (1 - (2 * r * car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_) + (r * r)) /
                          (1 - (2 * r * car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_) +
                          (car_coeffs_.h_coeffs_ * r * car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_) +
                          (r * r));
}


void Ear::DesignAGC(AGCParams agc_params, long fs) {
  // These data members could probably be initialized locally within the design
  // function.
  agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_ = agc_params.n_stages_;
  agc_coeffs_.agc_stage_gain_ = agc_params.agc_stage_gain_;
  FloatArray agc1_scales = agc_params.agc1_scales_;
  FloatArray agc2_scales = agc_params.agc2_scales_;
  FloatArray time_constants = agc_params.time_constants_;
  agc_coeffs_.agc_epsilon_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z1_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z2_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_iterations_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_n_taps_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_fir_.resize(3,agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_coeffs_.agc_mix_coeffs_.resize(agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_);
  FPType mix_coeff = agc_params.agc_mix_coeff_;
  int decim = 1;
  agc_coeffs_.decimation_ = agc_params.decimation_;
  FPType total_dc_gain = 0;
  // Here we loop through each of the stages of the AGC.
  for (int stage=0; stage < agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_; stage++) {
    FPType tau = time_constants(stage);
    decim *= agc_coeffs_.decimation_.at(stage);
    agc_coeffs_.agc_epsilon_(stage) = 1 - exp((-1 * decim) / (tau * fs));
    FPType n_times = tau * (fs / decim);
    FPType delay = (agc2_scales(stage) - agc1_scales(stage)) / n_times;
    FPType spread_sq = (pow(agc1_scales(stage), 2) +
                        pow(agc2_scales(stage), 2)) / n_times;
    FPType u = 1 + (1 / spread_sq);
    FPType p = u - sqrt(pow(u, 2) - 1);
    FPType dp = delay * (1 - (2 * p) + (p * p)) / 2;
    FPType pole_z1 = p - dp;
    FPType pole_z2 = p + dp;
    agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z1_(stage) = pole_z1;
    agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z2_(stage) = pole_z2;
    int n_taps = 0;
    bool fir_ok = false;
    int n_iterations = 1;
    // This section initializes the FIR coeffs settings at each stage.
    FloatArray fir(3);
    while (! fir_ok) {
      switch (n_taps) {
        case 0:
          n_taps = 3;
          break;
        case 3:
          n_taps = 5;
          break;
        case 5:
          n_iterations ++;
          if (n_iterations > 16){
            // This implies too many iterations, so we shoud indicate and error.
            // TODO alexbrandmeyer, proper Google error handling.
          }
          break;
        default:
          // This means a bad n_taps has been provided, so there should again be
          // an error.
          // TODO alexbrandmeyer, proper Google error handling.
          break;
      }
      // Now we can design the FIR coefficients.
      FPType var = spread_sq / n_iterations;
      FPType mn = delay / n_iterations;
      FPType a, b;
      switch (n_taps) {
        case 3:
          a = (var + pow(mn, 2) - mn) / 2;
          b = (var + pow(mn, 2) + mn) / 2;
          fir << a, 1 - a - b, b;
          fir_ok = (fir(2) >= 0.2) ? true : false;
          break;
        case 5:
          a = (((var + pow(mn, 2)) * 2/5) - (mn * 2/3)) / 2;
          b = (((var + pow(mn, 2)) * 2/5) + (mn * 2/3)) / 2;
          fir << a/2, 1 - a - b, b/2;
          fir_ok = (fir(2) >= 0.1) ? true : false;
          break;
        default:
          break;  // Again, we've arrived at a bad n_taps in the design.
          // TODO alexbrandmeyer. Add proper Google error handling.
      }
    }
    // Once we have the FIR design for this stage we can assign it to the
    // appropriate data members.
    agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_iterations_(stage) = n_iterations;
    agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_n_taps_(stage) = n_taps;
    // TODO alexbrandmeyer replace using Eigen block method
    agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_fir_(0, stage) = fir(0);
    agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_fir_(1, stage) = fir(1);
    agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_fir_(2, stage) = fir(2);
    total_dc_gain += pow(agc_coeffs_.agc_stage_gain_, (stage));
    agc_coeffs_.agc_mix_coeffs_(stage) =
      (stage == 0) ? 0 : mix_coeff / (tau * (fs /decim));
  }
  agc_coeffs_.agc_gain_ = total_dc_gain;
  agc_coeffs_.detect_scale_ = 1 / total_dc_gain;
}

void Ear::DesignIHC(IHCParams ihc_params, long fs) {
  if (ihc_params.just_hwr_) {
    ihc_coeffs_.just_hwr_ = ihc_params.just_hwr_;
  } else {
    // This section calculates conductance values using two pre-defined scalars.
    FloatArray x(1);
    FPType conduct_at_10, conduct_at_0;
    x << 10;
    x = CARFACDetect(x);
    conduct_at_10 = x(0);
    x << 0;
    x = CARFACDetect(x);
    conduct_at_0 = x(0);
    if (ihc_params.one_cap_) {
      FPType ro = 1 / conduct_at_10 ;
      FPType c = ihc_params.tau1_out_ / ro;
      FPType ri = ihc_params.tau1_in_ / c;
      FPType saturation_output = 1 / ((2 * ro) + ri);
      FPType r0 = 1 / conduct_at_0;
      FPType current = 1 / (ri + r0);
      ihc_coeffs_.cap1_voltage_ = 1 - (current * ri);
      ihc_coeffs_.just_hwr_ = false;
      ihc_coeffs_.lpf_coeff_ = 1 - exp( -1 / (ihc_params.tau_lpf_ * fs));
      ihc_coeffs_.out1_rate_ = ro / (ihc_params.tau1_out_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.in1_rate_ = 1 / (ihc_params.tau1_in_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.one_cap_ = ihc_params.one_cap_;
      ihc_coeffs_.output_gain_ = 1 / (saturation_output - current);
      ihc_coeffs_.rest_output_ = current / (saturation_output - current);
      ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap1_ = ihc_coeffs_.cap1_voltage_;
    } else {
      FPType ro = 1 / conduct_at_10;
      FPType c2 = ihc_params.tau2_out_ / ro;
      FPType r2 = ihc_params.tau2_in_ / c2;
      FPType c1 = ihc_params.tau1_out_ / r2;
      FPType r1 = ihc_params.tau1_in_ / c1;
      FPType saturation_output = 1 / (2 * ro + r2 + r1);
      FPType r0 = 1 / conduct_at_0;
      FPType current = 1 / (r1 + r2 + r0);
      ihc_coeffs_.cap1_voltage_ = 1 - (current * r1);
      ihc_coeffs_.cap2_voltage_ = ihc_coeffs_.cap1_voltage_ - (current * r2);
      ihc_coeffs_.just_hwr_ = false;
      ihc_coeffs_.lpf_coeff_ = 1 - exp(-1 / (ihc_params.tau_lpf_ * fs));
      ihc_coeffs_.out1_rate_ = 1 / (ihc_params.tau1_out_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.in1_rate_ = 1 / (ihc_params.tau1_in_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.out2_rate_ = ro / (ihc_params.tau2_out_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.in2_rate_ = 1 / (ihc_params.tau2_in_ * fs);
      ihc_coeffs_.one_cap_ = ihc_params.one_cap_;
      ihc_coeffs_.output_gain_ = 1 / (saturation_output - current);
      ihc_coeffs_.rest_output_ = current / (saturation_output - current);
      ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap1_ = ihc_coeffs_.cap1_voltage_;
      ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap2_ = ihc_coeffs_.cap2_voltage_;
    }
  }
  ihc_coeffs_.ac_coeff_ = 2 * PI * ihc_params.ac_corner_hz_ / fs;
}

void Ear::InitCARState() {
  car_state_.z1_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  car_state_.z2_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  car_state_.za_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  car_state_.zb_memory_ = car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_;
  car_state_.dzb_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  car_state_.zy_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  car_state_.g_memory_ = car_coeffs_.g0_coeffs_;
  car_state_.dg_memory_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
}

void Ear::InitIHCState() {
  ihc_state_.ihc_accum_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  if (! ihc_coeffs_.just_hwr_) {
    ihc_state_.ac_coupler_ = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
    ihc_state_.lpf1_state_ = ihc_coeffs_.rest_output_ * FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
    ihc_state_.lpf2_state_ = ihc_coeffs_.rest_output_ * FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
    if (ihc_coeffs_.one_cap_) {
      ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ = ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap1_ *
                                 FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
    } else {
      ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ = ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap1_ *
                                 FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
      ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_ = ihc_coeffs_.rest_cap2_ *
                                 FloatArray::Ones(n_ch_);
    }
  }
}

void Ear::InitAGCState() {
  agc_state_.n_agc_stages_ = agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_;
  agc_state_.agc_memory_.resize(agc_state_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_state_.input_accum_.resize(agc_state_.n_agc_stages_);
  agc_state_.decim_phase_.resize(agc_state_.n_agc_stages_);
  for (int i = 0; i < agc_state_.n_agc_stages_; i++) {
    agc_state_.decim_phase_.at(i) = 0;
    agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(i) = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
    agc_state_.input_accum_.at(i) = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
  }
}

FloatArray Ear::CARStep(FPType input) {
  FloatArray g(n_ch_);
  FloatArray zb(n_ch_);
  FloatArray za(n_ch_);
  FloatArray v(n_ch_);
  FloatArray nlf(n_ch_);
  FloatArray r(n_ch_);
  FloatArray z1(n_ch_);
  FloatArray z2(n_ch_);
  FloatArray zy(n_ch_);
  FPType in_out;
  // This performs the DOHC stuff.
  g = car_state_.g_memory_ + car_state_.dg_memory_;  // This interpolates g.
  // This calculates the AGC interpolation state.
  zb = car_state_.zb_memory_ + car_state_.dzb_memory_;
  // This updates the nonlinear function of 'velocity' along with zA, which is
  // a delay of z2.
  za = car_state_.za_memory_;
  v = car_state_.z2_memory_ - za;
  nlf = OHC_NLF(v);
  // Here, zb * nfl is "undamping" delta r.
  r = car_coeffs_.r1_coeffs_ + (zb * nlf);
  za = car_state_.z2_memory_;
  // Here we reduce the CAR state by r and rotate with the fixed cos/sin coeffs.
  z1 = r * ((car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_ * car_state_.z1_memory_) -
            (car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_ * car_state_.z2_memory_));
  z2 = r * ((car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_ * car_state_.z1_memory_) +
            (car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_ * car_state_.z2_memory_));
  zy = car_coeffs_.h_coeffs_ * z2;
  // This section ripples the input-output path, to avoid delay...
  // It's the only part that doesn't get computed "in parallel":
  in_out = input;
  for (int ch = 0; ch < n_ch_; ch++) {
    z1(ch) = z1(ch) + in_out;
    // This performs the ripple, and saves the final channel outputs in zy.
    in_out = g(ch) * (in_out + zy(ch));
    zy(ch) = in_out;
  }
  car_state_.z1_memory_ = z1;
  car_state_.z2_memory_ = z2;
  car_state_.za_memory_ = za;
  car_state_.zb_memory_ = zb;
  car_state_.zy_memory_ = zy;
  car_state_.g_memory_ = g;
  // The output of the CAR is equal to the zy state.
  return zy;
}

// We start with a quadratic nonlinear function, and limit it via a
// rational function. This makes the result go to zero at high
// absolute velocities, so it will do nothing there.
FloatArray Ear::OHC_NLF(FloatArray velocities) {
  return 1 / (1 +
        (((velocities * car_coeffs_.velocity_scale_) + car_coeffs_.v_offset_) *
         ((velocities * car_coeffs_.velocity_scale_) + car_coeffs_.v_offset_)));

}

// This step is a one sample-time update of the inner-hair-cell (IHC) model,
// including the detection nonlinearity and either one or two capacitor state
// variables.
FloatArray Ear::IHCStep(FloatArray car_out) {
  FloatArray ihc_out(n_ch_);
  FloatArray ac_diff(n_ch_);
  FloatArray conductance(n_ch_);
  ac_diff = car_out - ihc_state_.ac_coupler_;
  ihc_state_.ac_coupler_ = ihc_state_.ac_coupler_ +
                           (ihc_coeffs_.ac_coeff_ * ac_diff);
  if (ihc_coeffs_.just_hwr_) {
    for (int ch = 0; ch < n_ch_; ch++) {
      FPType a;
      a = (ac_diff(ch) > 0) ? ac_diff(ch) : 0;
      ihc_out(ch) = (a < 2) ? a : 2;
    }
  } else {
    conductance = CARFACDetect(ac_diff);
    if (ihc_coeffs_.one_cap_) {
      ihc_out = conductance * ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_;
      ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ = ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ -
                                 (ihc_out * ihc_coeffs_.out1_rate_) +
                                 ((1 - ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_)
                                  * ihc_coeffs_.in1_rate_);
    } else {
      ihc_out = conductance * ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_;
      ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ = ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ -
                      ((ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ - ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_)
                      * ihc_coeffs_.out1_rate_) +
                      ((1 - ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_) * ihc_coeffs_.in1_rate_);
      ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_ = ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_ -
                          (ihc_out * ihc_coeffs_.out2_rate_) +
                          ((ihc_state_.cap1_voltage_ - ihc_state_.cap2_voltage_)
                          * ihc_coeffs_.in2_rate_);
    }
    // Here we smooth the output twice using a LPF.
    ihc_out *= ihc_coeffs_.output_gain_;
    ihc_state_.lpf1_state_ = ihc_state_.lpf1_state_ +
                  (ihc_coeffs_.lpf_coeff_ * (ihc_out - ihc_state_.lpf1_state_));
    ihc_state_.lpf2_state_ = ihc_state_.lpf2_state_ +
                  (ihc_coeffs_.lpf_coeff_ *
                   (ihc_state_.lpf1_state_ - ihc_state_.lpf2_state_));
    ihc_out = ihc_state_.lpf2_state_ - ihc_coeffs_.rest_output_;
  }
  ihc_state_.ihc_accum_ += ihc_out;
  return ihc_out;
}

bool Ear::AGCStep(FloatArray ihc_out) {
  int stage = 0;
  FloatArray agc_in(n_ch_);
  agc_in = agc_coeffs_.detect_scale_ * ihc_out;
  bool updated = AGCRecurse(stage, agc_in);
  return updated;
}

bool Ear::AGCRecurse(int stage, FloatArray agc_in) {
  bool updated = true;
  // This is the decim factor for this stage, relative to input or prev. stage:
  int decim = agc_coeffs_.decimation_.at(stage);
  // This is the decim phase of this stage (do work on phase 0 only):
  int decim_phase = agc_state_.decim_phase_.at(stage);
  decim_phase = decim_phase % decim;
  agc_state_.decim_phase_.at(stage) = decim_phase;
  // Here we accumulate input for this stage from the previous stage:
  agc_state_.input_accum_.at(stage) += agc_in;
  // We don't do anything if it's not the right decim_phase.
  if (decim_phase == 0) {
    // Now we do lots of work, at the decimated rate.
    // These are the decimated inputs for this stage, which will be further
    // decimated at the next stage.
    agc_in = agc_state_.input_accum_.at(stage) / decim;
    // This resets the accumulator.
    agc_state_.input_accum_.at(stage) = FloatArray::Zero(n_ch_);
    if (stage < (agc_coeffs_.decimation_.size() - 1)) {
      // Now we recurse to evaluate the next stage(s).
      updated = AGCRecurse(stage + 1, agc_in);
      // Afterwards we add its output to this stage input, whether it updated or
      // not.
      agc_in += (agc_coeffs_.agc_stage_gain_ *
                         agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(stage + 1));
    }
    FloatArray agc_stage_state = agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(stage);
    // This performs a first-order recursive smoothing filter update, in time.
    agc_stage_state = agc_stage_state + (agc_coeffs_.agc_epsilon_(stage) *
                                         (agc_in - agc_stage_state));
    agc_stage_state = AGCSpatialSmooth(stage, agc_stage_state);
    agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(stage) = agc_stage_state;
  } else {
    updated = false;
  }
  return updated;
}

FloatArray Ear::AGCSpatialSmooth(int stage, FloatArray stage_state) {
  int n_iterations = agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_iterations_(stage);
  bool use_fir;
  use_fir = (n_iterations < 4) ? true : false;
  if (use_fir) {
    FloatArray fir_coeffs = agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_fir_.block(0, stage, 3, 1);
    FloatArray ss_tap1(n_ch_);
    FloatArray ss_tap2(n_ch_);
    FloatArray ss_tap3(n_ch_);
    FloatArray ss_tap4(n_ch_);
    int n_taps = agc_coeffs_.agc_spatial_n_taps_(stage);
    // This initializes the first two taps of stage state, which are used for
    // both possible cases.
    ss_tap1(0) = stage_state(0);
    ss_tap1.block(1, 0, n_ch_ - 1, 1) = stage_state.block(0, 0, n_ch_ - 1, 1);
    ss_tap2(n_ch_ - 1) = stage_state(n_ch_ - 1);
    ss_tap2.block(0, 0, n_ch_ - 1, 1) = stage_state.block(1, 0, n_ch_ - 1, 1);
    switch (n_taps) {
      case 3:
        stage_state = (fir_coeffs(0) * ss_tap1) +
                      (fir_coeffs(1) * stage_state) +
                      (fir_coeffs(2) * ss_tap2);
        break;
      case 5:
        // Now we initialize last two taps of stage state, which are only used
        // for the 5-tap case.
        ss_tap3(0) = stage_state(0);
        ss_tap3(1) = stage_state(1);
        ss_tap3.block(2, 0, n_ch_ - 2, 1) =
          stage_state.block(0, 0, n_ch_ - 2, 1);
        ss_tap4(n_ch_ - 2) = stage_state(n_ch_ - 1);
        ss_tap4(n_ch_ - 1) = stage_state(n_ch_ - 2);
        ss_tap4.block(0, 0, n_ch_ - 2, 1) =
          stage_state.block(2, 0, n_ch_ - 2, 1);
        stage_state = (fir_coeffs(0) * (ss_tap3 + ss_tap1)) +
                      (fir_coeffs(1) * stage_state) +
                      (fir_coeffs(2) * (ss_tap2 + ss_tap4));
        break;
      default:
        // TODO alexbrandmeyer: determine proper error handling implementation.
        std::cout << "Error: bad n-taps in AGCSpatialSmooth" << std::endl;
    }
  } else {
    stage_state = AGCSmoothDoubleExponential(stage_state,
                                             agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z1_(stage),
                                             agc_coeffs_.agc_pole_z2_(stage));
  }
  return stage_state;
}

FloatArray Ear::AGCSmoothDoubleExponential(FloatArray stage_state,
                                           FPType pole_z1, FPType pole_z2) {
  int n_pts = stage_state.size();
  FPType input;
  FPType state = 0;
  // TODO alexbrandmeyer: I'm assuming one dimensional input for now, but this
  // should be verified with Dick for the final version
  for (int i = n_pts - 11; i < n_pts; i ++){
    input = stage_state(i);
    state = state + (1 - pole_z1) * (input - state);
  }
  for (int i = n_pts - 1; i > -1; i --){
    input = stage_state(i);
    state = state + (1 - pole_z2) * (input - state);
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < n_pts; i ++){
    input = stage_state(i);
    state = state + (1 - pole_z1) * (input - state);
    stage_state(i) = state;
  }
  return stage_state;
}

FloatArray Ear::ReturnZAMemory() {
  return car_state_.za_memory_;
}

FloatArray Ear::ReturnZBMemory() {
  return car_state_.zb_memory_;
}

FloatArray Ear::ReturnGMemory() {
  return car_state_.g_memory_;
};

FloatArray Ear::ReturnZRCoeffs() {
  return car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_;
};

int Ear::ReturnAGCNStages() {
  return agc_coeffs_.n_agc_stages_;
}

int Ear::ReturnAGCStateDecimPhase(int stage) {
  return agc_state_.decim_phase_.at(stage);
}

FPType Ear::ReturnAGCMixCoeff(int stage) {
  return agc_coeffs_.agc_mix_coeffs_(stage);
}

FloatArray Ear::ReturnAGCStateMemory(int stage) {
  return agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(stage);
}

int Ear::ReturnAGCDecimation(int stage) {
  return agc_coeffs_.decimation_.at(stage);
}

void Ear::SetAGCStateMemory(int stage, FloatArray new_values) {
  agc_state_.agc_memory_.at(stage) = new_values;
}

void Ear::SetCARStateDZBMemory(FloatArray new_values) {
  car_state_.dzb_memory_ = new_values;
}

void Ear::SetCARStateDGMemory(FloatArray new_values) {
  car_state_.dg_memory_ = new_values;
}

FloatArray Ear::StageGValue(FloatArray undamping) {
  FloatArray r1 = car_coeffs_.r1_coeffs_;
  FloatArray a0 = car_coeffs_.a0_coeffs_;
  FloatArray c0 = car_coeffs_.c0_coeffs_;
  FloatArray h = car_coeffs_.h_coeffs_;
  FloatArray zr = car_coeffs_.zr_coeffs_;
  FloatArray r = r1 + zr * undamping;
  return (1 - 2 * r * a0 + (r * r)) / (1 - 2 * r * a0 + h * r * c0 + (r * r));
}