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<h1>Yves Raimond, Music Ontology Specification Group</h1> |
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<h2>yves@dbtune.org • 26/09/2007</h2> |
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</div>
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<div class="presentation"> |
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1>The Music Ontology</h1> |
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<h3>Yves Raimond, Samer Abdallah, Mark Sandler, Frederick Giasson</h3> |
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<h4><a href="http://www.elec.qmul.ac.uk/digitalmusic/">Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary, University of London</a></h4> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Overview</h1> |
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<ul>
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<li>Introduction</li> |
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<!--<ul>
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<li>Music-related datasets on the web</li>
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<li>Current issues</li>
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</ul>-->
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<li>Towards a web of data</li> |
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<!--<ul>
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<li>Dereferencable identifiers + RDF = Linked data</li>
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<li>Vocabularies</li>
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<li>Emerging applications</li>
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</ul>-->
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<li>The Music Ontology</li> |
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<!--<ul>
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<li>The Timeline Ontology</li>
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<li>The Event Ontology</li>
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<li>FRBR and FOAF</li>
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<li>Music production concepts</li>
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<li>The Music production workflow</li>
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<li>Current and planned extensions</li>
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</ul>-->
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<li>A music-related web of data</li> |
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<!--<ul>
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<li>Linking Open Data on the Semantic Web</li>
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<li>Current map</li>
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</ul>-->
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<li>Conclusion and Future Work</li> |
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Introduction</h1> |
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<h2>Music-related datasets on the web</h2> |
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<br/><br/> |
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<center><img src="current_state.png" height="60%" width="60%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<!--<div class="slide">
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<h1> Introduction</h1>
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<h2>Music-related datasets on the web</h2>
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<font size="5">
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<ul>
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<li>Lots of structured information under-the-hood (MusicMoz, Jamendo, Magnatune, Musicbrainz, Wikipedia, etc.)</li>
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<li>This data is just used to create human-readable <strong>documents</strong>
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<li>Interlinking, when it exists, is just done at this level (<strong><a href=...></strong>), you need to understand the <i>context</i> of the
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link to figure out what it <i>means</i></li>
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</ul>
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</font>
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<br/>
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<font size="5">
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<strong>How can we relate a particular artist described in one dataset (Musicbrainz...) to a track available in another one (Jamendo...)?</strong>
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<br/><br/>
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<strong>How can we write this link (<strong>artist made track</strong>) in a machine-processable way (for access purpose)?</strong>
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</font>
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</div>-->
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<div class="slide"> |
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<!--<h1> Towards a Web of Data</h1>-->
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<h1>Linked data</h1> |
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<h4><li>Resources on the Web can be far more than web pages!</li></h4> |
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<ul>
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<li><strong><a href="http://moustaki.org/foaf.rdf#moustaki">http://moustaki.org/foaf.rdf#moustaki</a></strong> is identifying <i>me</i></li> |
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<li><strong><a href="http://dbtune.org/jamendo/band/lonah">http://dbtune.org/jamendo/artist/5</a></strong> is identifying the French band <i>Both</i></li> |
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<li><strong><a href="http://zitgist.com/music/artist/a15e2d0a-efcb-4f4f-ad54-22a4879bbcf9">http://zitgist.com/music/track/a15e2d0a-efcb-4f4f-ad54-22a4879bbcf9</a></strong> is identifying <i>Iron Man</i>, by <i>Black Sabbath</i></li> |
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<!--<h1>Dereferencable identifiers + RDF = Linked data</h1>-->
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<h1>Linked data</h1> |
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<ul>
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<li>Resources have associated <i>representations</i>, accessed through a <i>dereferencing</i> process, which can be:</li> |
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<ul>
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<li>Human-friendly (HTML, Flash, plain text, audio, video, etc.)</li> |
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<li>Machine-friendly (RDF, Microformats, RSS, etc.)</li> |
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</ul>
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<li>Representations may hold <i>links</i>, allowing an agent (a program or a person) to discover more things</li> |
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<!--<ul>
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<li>The <a href="<strong>http://musicbrainz.org/</strong>"><a href="http://musicbrainz.org/">Musicbrainz</a></a> community database</li>
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<li><strong><http://dbtune.org/jamendo/artist/5></strong> <strong><http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/based_near></strong> <strong><http://sws.geonames.org/2991627/></strong>.</li>
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</ul>-->
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1>Linked data</h1> |
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<center><img src="contentneg.png" height="70%" width="70%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1>Linked data</h1> |
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<!--<h2>Dereferencable identifiers + RDF = Linked data</h2>-->
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<center><img src="both.png" height="90%" width="90%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1>Vocabularies / Ontologies</h1> |
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<h2>Such data is also linked to a particular model of its domain: an <i>ontology</i></h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li> <strong><http://dbtune.org/jamendo/artist/5></strong> <strong>rdf:type</strong> <strong>foaf:Person</strong> specifies that this resource |
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is a person, as defined in the FOAF ontology</li>
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<li>A <strong>performance</strong> involves some <strong>performer</strong>, a <strong>place</strong>, a <strong>time</strong></li> |
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<li>Ontologies are linked together: <strong>mo:Performance</strong> <strong>rdfs:subClassOf</strong> <strong>event:Event</strong>...</li> |
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<li>... And therefore part of the data web</li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Data Web</h1> |
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<strong>Turning the Web into a huge democratic, decentralized, database that can be directly consumed by applications</strong><br/> |
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<center><img src="mfmslinked.png" height="70%" width="70%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Music Ontology</h1> |
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<center><img src="Mo-logo-big.jpg"/></center> |
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<h2>A framework for dealing with music-related information on the Semantic Web</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li>Complex editorial information (worflow-based)</li> |
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<li>Temporal annotations</li> |
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<li>Cultural information (folksonomies, social networks, etc.)</li> |
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<li>Modular, adaptable, and designed to fit the needs of the community</li> |
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<li>Mesh nicely with Creative Commons RDF license information</li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Timeline Ontology</h1> |
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<h2>Expressing temporal information, eg.</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li>This performance happened the 9th of March, 1984</li> |
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<li>This beat is occurring around sample 32480</li> |
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<li>The second verse is just before the second chorus</li> |
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</ul>
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</font><br/> |
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<h2>This ontology defines: </h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Interval</strong> (origin: OWL-Time)</li> |
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<li><strong>Instant</strong> (origin: OWL-Time)</li> |
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<li><strong>TimeLine</strong> — A backbone for addressing temporal information</li> |
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<li><strong>TimeLineMap</strong> — Relationship between two timelines</li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Timeline Ontology</h1> |
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<center><img src="timeline.png" width="70%" height="70%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Event Ontology</h1> |
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<!--<font size="5">Performance, recordings, structural segments, beats, etc.</font>-->
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<br/><strong>Event</strong> — An arbitrary classification of a space/time region<br/> |
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<ul>
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<li>This performance involved Glenn Gould playing the piano</li> |
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<li>This signal was recorded using a XXX microphone located at that particular place</li> |
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<li>This beat is occurring around sample 32480</li> |
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Event Ontology</h1> |
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<center><img src="event.png" width="50%" height="50%"/></center> |
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> FRBR and FOAF</h1> |
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<h2> Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records:</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Work</strong> — eg. <i>Franz Schubert's Trout Quintet</i></li> |
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<li><strong>Manifestation</strong> — eg. <i>the "Nevermind" album</i></li> |
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<li><strong>Item</strong> — eg. <i>my "Nevermind" copy</i></li> |
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<!--<li>(We leave Expression behind for now...)</li>-->
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</ul>
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</font><br/> |
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<h2> Friend of a Friend:</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Person</strong></li> |
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<li><strong>Group</strong></li> |
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<li><strong>Organization</strong></li> |
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<li>Social networking information (ask Oscar :-) )</li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Music Production concepts</h1> |
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<ul>
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<li> On top of FRBR:</li> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<strong>MusicalWork, MusicalManifestation (Record, Track, Playlist, etc.), MusicalItem (Stream, AudioFile, Vynil, etc.)</strong> |
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</font>
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<li> On top of FOAF:</li> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<strong>MusicArtist, MusicGroup, Arranger, Engineer, Performer, Composer, etc.</strong> — all these are <i>defined classes</i>: |
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every person involved in a performance is a a performer... |
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</font>
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<li> On top of the Event Ontology:</li> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<strong>Composition, Arrangement, Performance, Recording</strong> |
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</font>
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<li> Others : <!--(several FRBR <i>expressions</i> among them):--></li> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<strong>Signal, Score, Genre, Instrument, ReleaseStatus, Lyrics, Libretto, etc.</strong> |
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</font>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> The Music production workflow</h1> |
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<!--<br/><br/>-->
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<center>
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<img src="mo-workflow.jpg" width="99%"/> |
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</center>
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</div>
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<!--<div class="slide">
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<h1> The Music Ontology layers</h1>
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<h2>Different communities have different needs</h2><br/>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>1st level:</strong> purely editorial<br/><font size="5"><i>This track is on that particular album and that
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compilation and was created by that artist</i></font></li>
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<li><strong>2nd level:</strong> introducing events<br/><font size="5"><i>This is a recording of this particular musician playing that
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jazz-rock arrangement of that particular piece</i></font></li>
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<li><strong>3rd level:</strong> introducing event decomposition<br/><font size="5"><i>In this performance, this key was played at this particular
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time by this person, who was playing the piano</i></font></li>
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</ul>
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</div>-->
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Current and planned extensions</h1> |
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<h2>Available extensions:</h2> |
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<font size="3"> |
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<ul>
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<li>Audio feature ontology (<strong>Onset, Beat, Structural segment</strong>, etc.) |
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<a href="http://purl.org/ontology/af/">http://purl.org/ontology/af/</a></li> |
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<li>Instrument taxonomy <a href="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/mit/">http://purl.org/ontology/mo/mit/</a></li> |
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<li>Genre taxonomy <a href="http://dbpedia.org/">http://dbpedia.org/</a></li> |
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<li>Chord ontology <a href="http://purl.org/ontology/chord/">http://purl.org/ontology/chord/</a></li> |
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</ul>
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</font><br/> |
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<h2>Possible extensions:</h2> |
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<font size="3"> |
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<ul>
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<li>Recording devices under <strong>Recording</strong></li> |
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<li><strong>Mixing</strong> events dealing with <strong>Signal</strong> objects</li> |
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<li>Symbolic notation under <strong>Score</strong> and <strong>AbstractTimeLine</strong></li> |
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<li>Taxonomy of music processing predicates</li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Linking Open Data</h1> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li>A <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/sweo/">W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach</a> community project.</li> |
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<li>Lots of <i>open data</i> available: Wikipedia, Geonames, Eurostat, Musicbrainz, Magnatune, etc.</li> |
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<li><strong>Let's interlink them using Semantic Web technologies — <i>data mashups</i></strong></li> |
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<li>A subset of this project is the <a href="http://blog.dbtune.org">dbtune</a> project, aiming at interlinking lots of music-related datasets using <a href="http://musicbrainz.org/">Musicbrainz</a> as a <i>data hub</i></li> |
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Current Map</h1> |
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<center>
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<img src="lod-datasets_2007-09-04.png" width="60%" height="60%"/> |
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</center>
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</div>
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|
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Conclusion and Future work</h1> |
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<h2>Conclusion</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li>RDF and HTTP provides a way to create a <i>Web of data</i></li> |
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<li>Vocabulary (Music Ontology) and <i>data hub</i> (<i>Linking Open Data</i>) for further interlinking of music-related datasets</li> |
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<!--<li>The <a href="http://blog.dbtune.org/post/2007/08/30/GNAT-01-released">GNAT</a> software allows you to link a music collection to this Web (shameless plug)</li>-->
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<li>The <a href="http://motools.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/motools/mopy/">MOPY</a> Python library (Chris Sutton) allows you to manipulate Music Ontology documents without having to write one line of RDF!</li> |
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<li>The <a href="http://motools.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/motools/gnat/">GNAT</a> software allows you to find dereferencable identifiers |
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for items in your audio collection</li>
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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|
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Conclusion and Future work</h1> |
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<h2>Further Work</h2> |
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<font size="5"> |
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<ul>
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<li>Well, more interlinking!</li> |
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<!--<li>Extending the GNAT software to use a wide range of geographical, editorial, cultural, encyclopedical information to manage music collections<br/>-->
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<li>Semantic-Web-enabled music collection handler:<br/> |
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<i>Give me all musical works composed in a city with more than 500 000 inhabitants</i><br/> |
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<i>Is there someone nearby really liking this band and the same beer as me, so that we can have a drink tomorrow?</i><br/> |
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<i>Place my collection on a timeline and make me listen something composed in the UK in 1560, followed by a rock song recorded in the 60s</i><br/> |
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<i>Are there any other performances of this work? Give me one with a small part at 120 bpm</i></li> |
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<li>Publishing features using Semantic Web technologies! (+interpretation rules)</li> |
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<!--<li>Tracking accuracy of information through its provenance (reasoner? Musicbrainz? etc.)</li>-->
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</ul>
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</font>
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</div>
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<div class="slide"> |
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<h1> Epilogue</h1> |
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<h2>And well, what would be a Semantic Web talk without a google map?</h2> |
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<center>
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<img src="screenshot5.png" width="70%" height="70%"/> |
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</center>
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| 382 |
</div>
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| 383 |
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| 384 |
<div class="slide"> |
| 385 |
<h1>Questions ?</h1> |
| 386 |
</div>
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| 387 |
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| 388 |
</div>
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| 389 |
</body>
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| 390 |
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| 391 |
</html>
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| 392 |
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