
n@1090: % This is "sig-alternate.tex" V2.1 April 2013
n@1090: % This file should be compiled with V2.8 of "sig-alternate.cls" May 2012
n@1090: %
n@1090: % This example file demonstrates the use of the 'sig-alternate.cls'
n@1090: % V2.8 LaTeX2e document class file. It is for those submitting
n@1090: % articles to ACM Conference Proceedings WHO DO NOT WISH TO
n@1090: % STRICTLY ADHERE TO THE SIGS (PUBS-BOARD-ENDORSED) STYLE.
n@1090: % The 'sig-alternate.cls' file will produce a similar-looking,
n@1090: % albeit, 'tighter' paper resulting in, invariably, fewer pages.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n@1090: % This .tex file (and associated .cls V2.8) produces:
n@1090: %       1) The Permission Statement
n@1090: %       2) The Conference (location) Info information
n@1090: %       3) The Copyright Line with ACM data
n@1090: %       4) NO page numbers
n@1090: %
n@1090: % as against the acm_proc_article-sp.cls file which
n@1090: % DOES NOT produce 1) thru' 3) above.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % Using 'sig-alternate.cls' you have control, however, from within
n@1090: % the source .tex file, over both the CopyrightYear
n@1090: % (defaulted to 200X) and the ACM Copyright Data
n@1090: % (defaulted to X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX).
n@1090: % e.g.
n@1090: % \CopyrightYear{2007} will cause 2007 to appear in the copyright line.
n@1090: % \crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/12} will cause 0-12345-67-8/90/12 to appear in the copyright line.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n@1090: % This .tex source is an example which *does* use
n@1090: % the .bib file (from which the .bbl file % is produced).
n@1090: % REMEMBER HOWEVER: After having produced the .bbl file,
n@1090: % and prior to final submission, you *NEED* to 'insert'
n@1090: % your .bbl file into your source .tex file so as to provide
n@1090: % ONE 'self-contained' source file.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % ================= IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS =======================
n@1090: % Questions regarding the SIGS styles, SIGS policies and
n@1090: % procedures, Conferences etc. should be sent to
n@1090: % Adrienne Griscti (griscti@acm.org)
n@1090: %
n@1090: % Technical questions _only_ to
n@1090: % Gerald Murray (murray@hq.acm.org)
n@1090: % ===============================================================
n@1090: %
n@1090: % For tracking purposes - this is V2.0 - May 2012
n@1090: 
n@1090: \documentclass{sig-alternate}
n@1090: 
n@1090: \setlength{\paperheight}{11in}
n@1090: \setlength{\paperwidth}{8.5in}
n@1090: \usepackage[
n@1090:   pass,% keep layout unchanged 
n@1090:   % showframe,% show the layout
n@1090: ]{geometry}
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{document}
n@1090: 
n@1090: % Copyright
n@1090: \setcopyright{waclicense}
n@1090: 
n@1090: 
n@1090: %% DOI
n@1090: %\doi{10.475/123_4}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %% ISBN
n@1090: %\isbn{123-4567-24-567/08/06}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %%Conference
n@1090: %\conferenceinfo{PLDI '13}{June 16--19, 2013, Seattle, WA, USA}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %\acmPrice{\$15.00}
n@1090: 
n@1090: %
n@1090: % --- Author Metadata here ---
n@1090: \conferenceinfo{Web Audio Conference WAC-2016,}{April 4--6, 2016, Atlanta, USA.}
n@1090: \CopyrightYear{2016} % Allows default copyright year (20XX) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
n@1090: %\crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/01}  % Allows default copyright data (0-89791-88-6/97/05) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
n@1090: % --- End of Author Metadata ---
n@1090: 
n@1090: \title{Latex Template for WAC 2016}
n@1090: %\subtitle{[Extended Abstract]
n@1090: %\titlenote{A full version of this paper is available as
n@1090: %\textit{Author's Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using
n@1090: %\LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX} at
n@1090: %\texttt{www.acm.org/eaddress.htm}}}
n@1090: %
n@1090: % You need the command \numberofauthors to handle the 'placement
n@1090: % and alignment' of the authors beneath the title.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % For aesthetic reasons, we recommend 'three authors at a time'
n@1090: % i.e. three 'name/affiliation blocks' be placed beneath the title.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % NOTE: You are NOT restricted in how many 'rows' of
n@1090: % "name/affiliations" may appear. We just ask that you restrict
n@1090: % the number of 'columns' to three.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % Because of the available 'opening page real-estate'
n@1090: % we ask you to refrain from putting more than six authors
n@1090: % (two rows with three columns) beneath the article title.
n@1090: % More than six makes the first-page appear very cluttered indeed.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % Use the \alignauthor commands to handle the names
n@1090: % and affiliations for an 'aesthetic maximum' of six authors.
n@1090: % Add names, affiliations, addresses for
n@1090: % the seventh etc. author(s) as the argument for the
n@1090: % \additionalauthors command.
n@1090: % These 'additional authors' will be output/set for you
n@1090: % without further effort on your part as the last section in
n@1090: % the body of your article BEFORE References or any Appendices.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \numberofauthors{8} %  in this sample file, there are a *total*
n@1090: % of EIGHT authors. SIX appear on the 'first-page' (for formatting
n@1090: % reasons) and the remaining two appear in the \additionalauthors section.
n@1090: %
n@1090: \author{
n@1090: % You can go ahead and credit any number of authors here,
n@1090: % e.g. one 'row of three' or two rows (consisting of one row of three
n@1090: % and a second row of one, two or three).
n@1090: %
n@1090: % The command \alignauthor (no curly braces needed) should
n@1090: % precede each author name, affiliation/snail-mail address and
n@1090: % e-mail address. Additionally, tag each line of
n@1090: % affiliation/address with \affaddr, and tag the
n@1090: % e-mail address with \email.
n@1090: %
n@1090: % 1st. author
n@1090: \alignauthor
n@1090: Ben Trovato\titlenote{Dr.~Trovato insisted his name be first.}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{1932 Wallamaloo Lane}\\
n@1090:        \email{trovato@corporation.com}
n@1090: % 2nd. author
n@1090: \alignauthor
n@1090: G.K.M. Tobin\titlenote{The secretary disavows
n@1090: any knowledge of this author's actions.}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{P.O. Box 1212}\\
n@1090:        \email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
n@1090: % 3rd. author
n@1090: \alignauthor Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld\titlenote{This author is the
n@1090: one who did all the really hard work.}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}\\
n@1090:        \email{larst@affiliation.org}
n@1090: \and  % use '\and' if you need 'another row' of author names
n@1090: % 4th. author
n@1090: \alignauthor Lawrence P. Leipuner\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Brookhaven Laboratories}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Brookhaven National Lab}\\
n@1090:        \email{lleipuner@researchlabs.org}
n@1090: % 5th. author
n@1090: \alignauthor Sean Fogarty\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{NASA Ames Research Center}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Moffett Field}\\
n@1090:        \email{fogartys@amesres.org}
n@1090: % 6th. author
n@1090: \alignauthor Charles Palmer\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{Palmer Research Laboratories}\\
n@1090:        \affaddr{8600 Datapoint Drive}\\
n@1090:        \email{cpalmer@prl.com}
n@1090: }
n@1090: % There's nothing stopping you putting the seventh, eighth, etc.
n@1090: % author on the opening page (as the 'third row') but we ask,
n@1090: % for aesthetic reasons that you place these 'additional authors'
n@1090: % in the \additional authors block, viz.
n@1090: \additionalauthors{Additional authors: John Smith (The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group,
n@1090: email: {\texttt{jsmith@affiliation.org}}) and Julius P.~Kumquat
n@1090: (The Kumquat Consortium, email: {\texttt{jpkumquat@consortium.net}}).}
n@1090: \date{30 July 1999}
n@1090: % Just remember to make sure that the TOTAL number of authors
n@1090: % is the number that will appear on the first page PLUS the
n@1090: % number that will appear in the \additionalauthors section.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \maketitle
n@1090: \begin{sloppypar}
n@1090: \begin{abstract}
n@1090: In this paper, we describe the formatting guidelines for the  Proceedings of the Web Audio Conference 2016. This template has been adapted from the ACM SIG Proceedings Template available at www.acm.org.\footnote{\url{http://www.acm.org/publications/article-templates/proceedings-template.html}} This paper provides a sample of a \LaTeX\ document which conforms,
n@1090: somewhat loosely, to the formatting guidelines for
n@1090: ACM SIG Proceedings. It is an {\em alternate} style which produces
n@1090: a {\em tighter-looking} paper and was designed in response to
n@1090: concerns expressed, by authors, over page-budgets.
n@1090: It complements the document \textit{Author's (Alternate) Guide to
n@1090: Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and Bib\TeX}.
n@1090: This source file has been written with the intention of being
n@1090: compiled under \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX.
n@1090: 
n@1090: The developers have tried to include every imaginable sort
n@1090: of ``bells and whistles", such as a subtitle, footnotes on
n@1090: title, subtitle and authors, as well as in the text, and
n@1090: every optional component (e.g. Acknowledgments, Additional
n@1090: Authors, Appendices), not to mention examples of
n@1090: equations, theorems, tables and figures.
n@1090: 
n@1090: To make best use of this sample document, run it through \LaTeX\
n@1090: and BibTeX, and compare this source code with the printed
n@1090: output produced by the dvi file. A compiled PDF version
n@1090: is available on the web page to help you with the
n@1090: `look and feel'.
n@1090: \end{abstract}
n@1090: 
n@1090: 
n@1090: %
n@1090: % The code below should be generated by the tool at
n@1090: % http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm
n@1090: % Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below. 
n@1090: %
n@1090: %\begin{CCSXML}
n@1090: %<ccs2012>
n@1090:  %<concept>
n@1090:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010562</concept_id>
n@1090:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Embedded systems</concept_desc>
n@1090:   %<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
n@1090:  %</concept>
n@1090:  %<concept>
n@1090:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010575.10010755</concept_id>
n@1090:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Redundancy</concept_desc>
n@1090:   %<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
n@1090:  %</concept>
n@1090:  %<concept>
n@1090:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010554</concept_id>
n@1090:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Robotics</concept_desc>
n@1090:   %<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
n@1090:  %</concept>
n@1090:  %<concept>
n@1090:   %<concept_id>10003033.10003083.10003095</concept_id>
n@1090:   %<concept_desc>Networks~Network reliability</concept_desc>
n@1090:   %<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
n@1090:  %</concept>
n@1090: %</ccs2012>  
n@1090: %\end{CCSXML}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %\ccsdesc[500]{Computer systems organization~Embedded systems}
n@1090: %\ccsdesc[300]{Computer systems organization~Redundancy}
n@1090: %\ccsdesc{Computer systems organization~Robotics}
n@1090: %\ccsdesc[100]{Networks~Network reliability}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %
n@1090: %%
n@1090: %% End generated code
n@1090: %%
n@1090: %
n@1090: %%
n@1090: %%  Use this command to print the description
n@1090: %%
n@1090: %\printccsdesc
n@1090: %
n@1090: %% We no longer use \terms command
n@1090: %%\terms{Theory}
n@1090: %
n@1090: %\keywords{ACM proceedings, \LaTeX, text tagging}
n@1090: 
n@1090: \section{Introduction}
n@1090: The \textit{proceedings} are the records of a conference.
n@1090: ACM seeks to give these conference by-products a uniform,
n@1090: high-quality appearance.  To do this, ACM has some rigid
n@1090: requirements for the format of the proceedings documents: there
n@1090: is a specified format (balanced  double columns), a specified
n@1090: set of fonts (Arial or Helvetica and Times Roman) in
n@1090: certain specified sizes (for instance, 9 point for body copy),
n@1090: a specified live area (18 $\times$ 23.5 cm [7" $\times$ 9.25"]) centered on
n@1090: the page, specified size of margins (1.9 cm [0.75"]) top, (2.54 cm [1"]) bottom
n@1090: and (1.9 cm [.75"]) left and right; specified column width
n@1090: (8.45 cm [3.33"]) and gutter size (.83 cm [.33"]).
n@1090: 
n@1090: The good news is, with only a handful of manual
n@1090: settings\footnote{Two of these, the {\texttt{\char'134 numberofauthors}}
n@1090: and {\texttt{\char'134 alignauthor}} commands, you have
n@1090: already used; another, {\texttt{\char'134 balancecolumns}}, will
n@1090: be used in your very last run of \LaTeX\ to ensure
n@1090: balanced column heights on the last page.}, the \LaTeX\ document
n@1090: class file handles all of this for you.
n@1090: 
n@1090: The remainder of this document is concerned with showing, in
n@1090: the context of an ``actual'' document, the \LaTeX\ commands
n@1090: specifically available for denoting the structure of a
n@1090: proceedings paper, rather than with giving rigorous descriptions
n@1090: or explanations of such commands.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \section{The {\secit Body} of The Paper}
n@1090: Typically, the body of a paper is organized
n@1090: into a hierarchical structure, with numbered or unnumbered
n@1090: headings for sections, subsections, sub-subsections, and even
n@1090: smaller sections.  The command \texttt{{\char'134}section} that
n@1090: precedes this paragraph is part of such a
n@1090: hierarchy.\footnote{This is the second footnote.  It
n@1090: starts a series of three footnotes that add nothing
n@1090: informational, but just give an idea of how footnotes work
n@1090: and look. It is a wordy one, just so you see
n@1090: how a longish one plays out.} \LaTeX\ handles the numbering
n@1090: and placement of these headings for you, when you use
n@1090: the appropriate heading commands around the titles
n@1090: of the headings.  If you want a sub-subsection or
n@1090: smaller part to be unnumbered in your output, simply append an
n@1090: asterisk to the command name.  Examples of both
n@1090: numbered and unnumbered headings will appear throughout the
n@1090: balance of this sample document.
n@1090: 
n@1090: Because the entire article is contained in
n@1090: the \textbf{document} environment, you can indicate the
n@1090: start of a new paragraph with a blank line in your
n@1090: input file; that is why this sentence forms a separate paragraph.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Type Changes and {\subsecit Special} Characters}
n@1090: We have already seen several typeface changes in this sample.  You
n@1090: can indicate italicized words or phrases in your text with
n@1090: the command \texttt{{\char'134}textit}; emboldening with the
n@1090: command \texttt{{\char'134}textbf}
n@1090: and typewriter-style (for instance, for computer code) with
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}texttt}.  But remember, you do not
n@1090: have to indicate typestyle changes when such changes are
n@1090: part of the \textit{structural} elements of your
n@1090: article; for instance, the heading of this subsection will
n@1090: be in a sans serif\footnote{A third footnote, here.
n@1090: Let's make this a rather short one to
n@1090: see how it looks.} typeface, but that is handled by the
n@1090: document class file. Take care with the use
n@1090: of\footnote{A fourth, and last, footnote.}
n@1090: the curly braces in typeface changes; they mark
n@1090: the beginning and end of
n@1090: the text that is to be in the different typeface.
n@1090: 
n@1090: You can use whatever symbols, accented characters, or
n@1090: non-English characters you need anywhere in your document;
n@1090: you can find a complete list of what is
n@1090: available in the \textit{\LaTeX\
n@1090: User's Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Math Equations}
n@1090: You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
n@1090: inline, numbered or non-numbered display.  Each of
n@1090: the three are discussed in the next sections.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsubsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
n@1090: A formula that appears in the running text is called an
n@1090: inline or in-text formula.  It is produced by the
n@1090: \textbf{math} environment, which can be
n@1090: invoked with the usual \texttt{{\char'134}begin. . .{\char'134}end}
n@1090: construction or with the short form \texttt{\$. . .\$}. You
n@1090: can use any of the symbols and structures,
n@1090: from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
n@1090: \LaTeX\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a
n@1090: few examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how
n@1090: this equation: \begin{math}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{math},
n@1090: set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
n@1090: set in display style.  (See next section).
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsubsection{Display Equations}
n@1090: A numbered display equation -- one set off by vertical space
n@1090: from the text and centered horizontally -- is produced
n@1090: by the \textbf{equation} environment. An unnumbered display
n@1090: equation is produced by the \textbf{displaymath} environment.
n@1090: 
n@1090: Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols
n@1090: and structures available in \LaTeX; this section will just
n@1090: give a couple of examples of display equations in context.
n@1090: First, consider the equation, shown as an inline equation above:
n@1090: \begin{equation}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{equation}
n@1090: Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
n@1090: the \textbf{displaymath}
n@1090: environment.  Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
n@1090: \begin{displaymath}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1\end{displaymath}
n@1090: and follow it with another numbered equation:
n@1090: \begin{equation}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f\end{equation}
n@1090: just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Citations}
n@1090: Citations to articles \cite{bowman:reasoning,
n@1090: clark:pct, braams:babel, herlihy:methodology},
n@1090: conference proceedings \cite{clark:pct} or
n@1090: books \cite{salas:calculus, Lamport:LaTeX} listed
n@1090: in the Bibliography section of your
n@1090: article will occur throughout the text of your article.
n@1090: You should use BibTeX to automatically produce this bibliography;
n@1090: you simply need to insert one of several citation commands with
n@1090: a key of the item cited in the proper location in
n@1090: the \texttt{.tex} file \cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
n@1090: The key is a short reference you invent to uniquely
n@1090: identify each work; in this sample document, the key is
n@1090: the first author's surname and a
n@1090: word from the title.  This identifying key is included
n@1090: with each item in the \texttt{.bib} file for your article.
n@1090: 
n@1090: The details of the construction of the \texttt{.bib} file
n@1090: are beyond the scope of this sample document, but more
n@1090: information can be found in the \textit{Author's Guide},
n@1090: and exhaustive details in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's
n@1090: Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
n@1090: 
n@1090: This article shows only the plainest form
n@1090: of the citation command, using \texttt{{\char'134}cite}.
n@1090: This is what is stipulated in the SIGS style specifications.
n@1090: No other citation format is endorsed or supported.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Tables}
n@1090: Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best
n@1090: placement for them is typically the top of the page
n@1090: nearest their initial cite.  To
n@1090: ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
n@1090: environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and
n@1090: the table caption.  The contents of the table itself must go
n@1090: in the \textbf{tabular} environment, to
n@1090: be aligned properly in rows and columns, with the desired
n@1090: horizontal and vertical rules.  Again, detailed instructions
n@1090: on \textbf{tabular} material
n@1090: is found in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
n@1090: 
n@1090: Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
n@1090: Table 1 is included in the input file; compare the
n@1090: placement of the table here with the table in the printed
n@1090: dvi output of this document.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{table}
n@1090: \centering
n@1090: \caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
n@1090: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
n@1090: Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\ \hline
n@1090: \O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\ \hline
n@1090: $\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\ \hline
n@1090: \$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\ \hline
n@1090: $\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
n@1090: \hline\end{tabular}
n@1090: \end{table}
n@1090: 
n@1090: To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of
n@1090: the page's live area, use the environment
n@1090: \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's contents and
n@1090: the table caption.  As with a single-column table, this wide
n@1090: table will ``float" to a location deemed more desirable.
n@1090: Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
n@1090: Table 2 is included in the input file; again, it is
n@1090: instructive to compare the placement of the
n@1090: table here with the table in the printed dvi
n@1090: output of this document.
n@1090: 
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{table*}
n@1090: \centering
n@1090: \caption{Some Typical Commands}
n@1090: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
n@1090: Command&A Number&Comments\\ \hline
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}alignauthor} & 100& Author alignment\\ \hline
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}numberofauthors}& 200& Author enumeration\\ \hline
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\ \hline
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\ \hline\end{tabular}
n@1090: \end{table*}
n@1090: % end the environment with {table*}, NOTE not {table}!
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Figures}
n@1090: Like tables, figures cannot be split across pages; the
n@1090: best placement for them
n@1090: is typically the top or the bottom of the page nearest
n@1090: their initial cite.  To ensure this proper ``floating'' placement
n@1090: of figures, use the environment
n@1090: \textbf{figure} to enclose the figure and its caption.
n@1090: 
n@1090: This sample document contains examples of \textbf{.eps} files to be
n@1090: displayable with \LaTeX.  If you work with pdf\LaTeX, use files in the
n@1090: \textbf{.pdf} format.  Note that most modern \TeX\ system will convert
n@1090: \textbf{.eps} to \textbf{.pdf} for you on the fly.  More details on
n@1090: each of these is found in the \textit{Author's Guide}.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{figure}
n@1090: \centering
n@1090: \includegraphics{fly}
n@1090: \caption{A sample black and white graphic.}
n@1090: \end{figure}
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{figure}
n@1090: \centering
n@1090: \includegraphics[height=1in, width=1in]{fly}
n@1090: \caption{A sample black and white graphic
n@1090: that has been resized with the \texttt{includegraphics} command.}
n@1090: \end{figure}
n@1090: 
n@1090: 
n@1090: As was the case with tables, you may want a figure
n@1090: that spans two columns.  To do this, and still to
n@1090: ensure proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the environment
n@1090: \textbf{figure*} to enclose the figure and its caption.
n@1090: and don't forget to end the environment with
n@1090: {figure*}, not {figure}!
n@1090: 
n@1090: \begin{figure*}
n@1090: \centering
n@1090: \includegraphics{flies}
n@1090: \caption{A sample black and white graphic
n@1090: that needs to span two columns of text.}
n@1090: \end{figure*}
n@1090: 
n@1090: 
n@1090: %\begin{figure}
n@1090: %\centering
n@1090: %\includegraphics[height=1in, width=1in]{rosette}
n@1090: %\caption{A sample black and white graphic that has
n@1090: %been resized with the \texttt{includegraphics} command.}
n@1090: %\vskip -6pt
n@1090: %\end{figure}
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
n@1090: Other common constructs that may occur in your article are
n@1090: the forms for logical constructs like theorems, axioms,
n@1090: corollaries and proofs.  There are
n@1090: two forms, one produced by the
n@1090: command \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} and the
n@1090: other by the command \texttt{{\char'134}newdef}; perhaps
n@1090: the clearest and easiest way to distinguish them is
n@1090: to compare the two in the output of this sample document:
n@1090: 
n@1090: This uses the \textbf{theorem} environment, created by
n@1090: the\linebreak\texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} command:
n@1090: \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
n@1090: \begin{theorem}
n@1090: Let $f$ be continuous on $[a,b]$.  If $G$ is
n@1090: an antiderivative for $f$ on $[a,b]$, then
n@1090: \begin{displaymath}\int^b_af(t)dt = G(b) - G(a).\end{displaymath}
n@1090: \end{theorem}
n@1090: 
n@1090: The other uses the \textbf{definition} environment, created
n@1090: by the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command:
n@1090: \newdef{definition}{Definition}
n@1090: \begin{definition}
n@1090: If $z$ is irrational, then by $e^z$ we mean the
n@1090: unique number which has
n@1090: logarithm $z$: \begin{displaymath}{\log e^z = z}\end{displaymath}
n@1090: \end{definition}
n@1090: 
n@1090: Two lists of constructs that use one of these
n@1090: forms is given in the
n@1090: \textit{Author's  Guidelines}.
n@1090:  
n@1090: There is one other similar construct environment, which is
n@1090: already set up
n@1090: for you; i.e. you must \textit{not} use
n@1090: a \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to
n@1090: create it: the \textbf{proof} environment.  Here
n@1090: is a example of its use:
n@1090: \begin{proof}
n@1090: Suppose on the contrary there exists a real number $L$ such that
n@1090: \begin{displaymath}
n@1090: \lim_{x\rightarrow\infty} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = L.
n@1090: \end{displaymath}
n@1090: Then
n@1090: \begin{displaymath}
n@1090: l=\lim_{x\rightarrow c} f(x)
n@1090: = \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
n@1090: \left[ g{x} \cdot \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right ]
n@1090: = \lim_{x\rightarrow c} g(x) \cdot \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
n@1090: \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = 0\cdot L = 0,
n@1090: \end{displaymath}
n@1090: which contradicts our assumption that $l\neq 0$.
n@1090: \end{proof}
n@1090: 
n@1090: Complete rules about using these environments and using the
n@1090: two different creation commands are in the
n@1090: \textit{Author's Guide}; please consult it for more
n@1090: detailed instructions.  If you need to use another construct,
n@1090: not listed therein, which you want to have the same
n@1090: formatting as the Theorem
n@1090: or the Definition\cite{salas:calculus} shown above,
n@1090: use the \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} or the
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command,
n@1090: respectively, to create it.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \subsection*{A {\secit Caveat} for the \TeX\ Expert}
n@1090: Because you have just been given permission to
n@1090: use the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to create a
n@1090: new form, you might think you can
n@1090: use \TeX's \texttt{{\char'134}def} to create a
n@1090: new command: \textit{Please refrain from doing this!}
n@1090: Remember that your \LaTeX\ source code is primarily intended
n@1090: to create camera-ready copy, but may be converted
n@1090: to other forms -- e.g. HTML. If you inadvertently omit
n@1090: some or all of the \texttt{{\char'134}def}s recompilation will
n@1090: be, to say the least, problematic.
n@1090: 
n@1090: \section{Conclusions}
n@1090: This paragraph will end the body of this sample document.
n@1090: Remember that you might still have Acknowledgments or
n@1090: Appendices; brief samples of these
n@1090: follow.  There is still the Bibliography to deal with; and
n@1090: we will make a disclaimer about that here: with the exception
n@1090: of the reference to the \LaTeX\ book, the citations in
n@1090: this paper are to articles which have nothing to
n@1090: do with the present subject and are used as
n@1090: examples only.
n@1090: %\end{document}  % This is where a 'short' article might terminate
n@1090: 
n@1090: %ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are optional
n@1090: \section{Acknowledgments}
n@1090: This section is optional; it is a location for you
n@1090: to acknowledge grants, funding, editing assistance and
n@1090: what have you.  In the present case, for example, the
n@1090: authors would like to thank Gerald Murray of ACM for
n@1090: his help in codifying this \textit{Author's Guide}
n@1090: and the \textbf{.cls} and \textbf{.tex} files that it describes.
n@1090: 
n@1090: %
n@1090: % The following two commands are all you need in the
n@1090: % initial runs of your .tex file to
n@1090: % produce the bibliography for the citations in your paper.
n@1090: \bibliographystyle{abbrv}
n@1090: \bibliography{sigproc}  % sigproc.bib is the name of the Bibliography in this case
n@1090: % You must have a proper ".bib" file
n@1090: %  and remember to run:
n@1090: % latex bibtex latex latex
n@1090: % to resolve all references
n@1090: %
n@1090: % ACM needs 'a single self-contained file'!
n@1090: %
n@1090: %APPENDICES are optional
n@1090: %\balancecolumns
n@1090: \appendix
n@1090: %Appendix A
n@1090: \section{Headings in Appendices}
n@1090: The rules about hierarchical headings discussed above for
n@1090: the body of the article are different in the appendices.
n@1090: In the \textbf{appendix} environment, the command
n@1090: \textbf{section} is used to
n@1090: indicate the start of each Appendix, with alphabetic order
n@1090: designation (i.e. the first is A, the second B, etc.) and
n@1090: a title (if you include one).  So, if you need
n@1090: hierarchical structure
n@1090: \textit{within} an Appendix, start with \textbf{subsection} as the
n@1090: highest level. Here is an outline of the body of this
n@1090: document in Appendix-appropriate form:
n@1090: \subsection{Introduction}
n@1090: \subsection{The Body of the Paper}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Type Changes and  Special Characters}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Math Equations}
n@1090: \paragraph{Inline (In-text) Equations}
n@1090: \paragraph{Display Equations}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Citations}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Tables}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Figures}
n@1090: \subsubsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
n@1090: \subsubsection*{A Caveat for the \TeX\ Expert}
n@1090: \subsection{Conclusions}
n@1090: \subsection{Acknowledgments}
n@1090: \subsection{Additional Authors}
n@1090: This section is inserted by \LaTeX; you do not insert it.
n@1090: You just add the names and information in the
n@1090: \texttt{{\char'134}additionalauthors} command at the start
n@1090: of the document.
n@1090: \subsection{References}
n@1090: Generated by bibtex from your ~.bib file.  Run latex,
n@1090: then bibtex, then latex twice (to resolve references)
n@1090: to create the ~.bbl file.  Insert that ~.bbl file into
n@1090: the .tex source file and comment out
n@1090: the command \texttt{{\char'134}thebibliography}.
n@1090: % This next section command marks the start of
n@1090: % Appendix B, and does not continue the present hierarchy
n@1090: \section{More Help for the Hardy}
n@1090: The sig-alternate.cls file itself is chock-full of succinct
n@1090: and helpful comments.  If you consider yourself a moderately
n@1090: experienced to expert user of \LaTeX, you may find reading
n@1090: it useful but please remember not to change it.
n@1090: %\balancecolumns % GM June 2007
n@1090: % That's all folks!
n@1090: \end{sloppypar}
n@1090: \end{document}




