giuliomoro@15: % This is "sig-alternate.tex" V2.1 April 2013
giuliomoro@15: % This file should be compiled with V2.8 of "sig-alternate.cls" May 2012
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % This example file demonstrates the use of the 'sig-alternate.cls'
giuliomoro@15: % V2.8 LaTeX2e document class file. It is for those submitting
giuliomoro@15: % articles to ACM Conference Proceedings WHO DO NOT WISH TO
giuliomoro@15: % STRICTLY ADHERE TO THE SIGS (PUBS-BOARD-ENDORSED) STYLE.
giuliomoro@15: % The 'sig-alternate.cls' file will produce a similar-looking,
giuliomoro@15: % albeit, 'tighter' paper resulting in, invariably, fewer pages.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
giuliomoro@15: % This .tex file (and associated .cls V2.8) produces:
giuliomoro@15: %       1) The Permission Statement
giuliomoro@15: %       2) The Conference (location) Info information
giuliomoro@15: %       3) The Copyright Line with ACM data
giuliomoro@15: %       4) NO page numbers
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % as against the acm_proc_article-sp.cls file which
giuliomoro@15: % DOES NOT produce 1) thru' 3) above.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % Using 'sig-alternate.cls' you have control, however, from within
giuliomoro@15: % the source .tex file, over both the CopyrightYear
giuliomoro@15: % (defaulted to 200X) and the ACM Copyright Data
giuliomoro@15: % (defaulted to X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX).
giuliomoro@15: % e.g.
giuliomoro@15: % \CopyrightYear{2007} will cause 2007 to appear in the copyright line.
giuliomoro@15: % \crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/12} will cause 0-12345-67-8/90/12 to appear in the copyright line.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
giuliomoro@15: % This .tex source is an example which *does* use
giuliomoro@15: % the .bib file (from which the .bbl file % is produced).
giuliomoro@15: % REMEMBER HOWEVER: After having produced the .bbl file,
giuliomoro@15: % and prior to final submission, you *NEED* to 'insert'
giuliomoro@15: % your .bbl file into your source .tex file so as to provide
giuliomoro@15: % ONE 'self-contained' source file.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % ================= IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS =======================
giuliomoro@15: % Questions regarding the SIGS styles, SIGS policies and
giuliomoro@15: % procedures, Conferences etc. should be sent to
giuliomoro@15: % Adrienne Griscti (griscti@acm.org)
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % Technical questions _only_ to
giuliomoro@15: % Gerald Murray (murray@hq.acm.org)
giuliomoro@15: % ===============================================================
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % For tracking purposes - this is V2.0 - May 2012
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \documentclass{sig-alternate}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \setlength{\paperheight}{11in}
giuliomoro@15: \setlength{\paperwidth}{8.5in}
giuliomoro@15: \usepackage[
giuliomoro@15:   pass,% keep layout unchanged 
giuliomoro@15:   % showframe,% show the layout
giuliomoro@15: ]{geometry}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{document}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: % Copyright
giuliomoro@15: \setcopyright{waclicense}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %% DOI
giuliomoro@15: %\doi{10.475/123_4}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %% ISBN
giuliomoro@15: %\isbn{123-4567-24-567/08/06}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %%Conference
giuliomoro@15: %\conferenceinfo{PLDI '13}{June 16--19, 2013, Seattle, WA, USA}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %\acmPrice{\$15.00}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % --- Author Metadata here ---
giuliomoro@15: \conferenceinfo{Web Audio Conference WAC-2016,}{April 4--6, 2016, Atlanta, USA.}
giuliomoro@15: \CopyrightYear{2016} % Allows default copyright year (20XX) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
giuliomoro@15: %\crdata{0-12345-67-8/90/01}  % Allows default copyright data (0-89791-88-6/97/05) to be over-ridden - IF NEED BE.
giuliomoro@15: % --- End of Author Metadata ---
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \title{Latex Template for WAC 2016}
giuliomoro@15: %\subtitle{[Extended Abstract]
giuliomoro@15: %\titlenote{A full version of this paper is available as
giuliomoro@15: %\textit{Author's Guide to Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using
giuliomoro@15: %\LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX} at
giuliomoro@15: %\texttt{www.acm.org/eaddress.htm}}}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % You need the command \numberofauthors to handle the 'placement
giuliomoro@15: % and alignment' of the authors beneath the title.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % For aesthetic reasons, we recommend 'three authors at a time'
giuliomoro@15: % i.e. three 'name/affiliation blocks' be placed beneath the title.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % NOTE: You are NOT restricted in how many 'rows' of
giuliomoro@15: % "name/affiliations" may appear. We just ask that you restrict
giuliomoro@15: % the number of 'columns' to three.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % Because of the available 'opening page real-estate'
giuliomoro@15: % we ask you to refrain from putting more than six authors
giuliomoro@15: % (two rows with three columns) beneath the article title.
giuliomoro@15: % More than six makes the first-page appear very cluttered indeed.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % Use the \alignauthor commands to handle the names
giuliomoro@15: % and affiliations for an 'aesthetic maximum' of six authors.
giuliomoro@15: % Add names, affiliations, addresses for
giuliomoro@15: % the seventh etc. author(s) as the argument for the
giuliomoro@15: % \additionalauthors command.
giuliomoro@15: % These 'additional authors' will be output/set for you
giuliomoro@15: % without further effort on your part as the last section in
giuliomoro@15: % the body of your article BEFORE References or any Appendices.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \numberofauthors{8} %  in this sample file, there are a *total*
giuliomoro@15: % of EIGHT authors. SIX appear on the 'first-page' (for formatting
giuliomoro@15: % reasons) and the remaining two appear in the \additionalauthors section.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: \author{
giuliomoro@15: % You can go ahead and credit any number of authors here,
giuliomoro@15: % e.g. one 'row of three' or two rows (consisting of one row of three
giuliomoro@15: % and a second row of one, two or three).
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % The command \alignauthor (no curly braces needed) should
giuliomoro@15: % precede each author name, affiliation/snail-mail address and
giuliomoro@15: % e-mail address. Additionally, tag each line of
giuliomoro@15: % affiliation/address with \affaddr, and tag the
giuliomoro@15: % e-mail address with \email.
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % 1st. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor
giuliomoro@15: Ben Trovato\titlenote{Dr.~Trovato insisted his name be first.}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{1932 Wallamaloo Lane}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{trovato@corporation.com}
giuliomoro@15: % 2nd. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor
giuliomoro@15: G.K.M. Tobin\titlenote{The secretary disavows
giuliomoro@15: any knowledge of this author's actions.}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{P.O. Box 1212}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
giuliomoro@15: % 3rd. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld\titlenote{This author is the
giuliomoro@15: one who did all the really hard work.}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{larst@affiliation.org}
giuliomoro@15: \and  % use '\and' if you need 'another row' of author names
giuliomoro@15: % 4th. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor Lawrence P. Leipuner\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Brookhaven Laboratories}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Brookhaven National Lab}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{lleipuner@researchlabs.org}
giuliomoro@15: % 5th. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor Sean Fogarty\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{NASA Ames Research Center}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Moffett Field}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{fogartys@amesres.org}
giuliomoro@15: % 6th. author
giuliomoro@15: \alignauthor Charles Palmer\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{Palmer Research Laboratories}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \affaddr{8600 Datapoint Drive}\\
giuliomoro@15:        \email{cpalmer@prl.com}
giuliomoro@15: }
giuliomoro@15: % There's nothing stopping you putting the seventh, eighth, etc.
giuliomoro@15: % author on the opening page (as the 'third row') but we ask,
giuliomoro@15: % for aesthetic reasons that you place these 'additional authors'
giuliomoro@15: % in the \additional authors block, viz.
giuliomoro@15: \additionalauthors{Additional authors: John Smith (The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group,
giuliomoro@15: email: {\texttt{jsmith@affiliation.org}}) and Julius P.~Kumquat
giuliomoro@15: (The Kumquat Consortium, email: {\texttt{jpkumquat@consortium.net}}).}
giuliomoro@15: \date{30 July 1999}
giuliomoro@15: % Just remember to make sure that the TOTAL number of authors
giuliomoro@15: % is the number that will appear on the first page PLUS the
giuliomoro@15: % number that will appear in the \additionalauthors section.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \maketitle
giuliomoro@15: \begin{sloppypar}
giuliomoro@15: \begin{abstract}
giuliomoro@15: In this paper, we describe the formatting guidelines for the  Proceedings of the Web Audio Conference 2016. This template has been adapted from the ACM SIG Proceedings Template available at www.acm.org.\footnote{\url{http://www.acm.org/publications/article-templates/proceedings-template.html}} This paper provides a sample of a \LaTeX\ document which conforms,
giuliomoro@15: somewhat loosely, to the formatting guidelines for
giuliomoro@15: ACM SIG Proceedings. It is an {\em alternate} style which produces
giuliomoro@15: a {\em tighter-looking} paper and was designed in response to
giuliomoro@15: concerns expressed, by authors, over page-budgets.
giuliomoro@15: It complements the document \textit{Author's (Alternate) Guide to
giuliomoro@15: Preparing ACM SIG Proceedings Using \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and Bib\TeX}.
giuliomoro@15: This source file has been written with the intention of being
giuliomoro@15: compiled under \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$\ and BibTeX.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: The developers have tried to include every imaginable sort
giuliomoro@15: of ``bells and whistles", such as a subtitle, footnotes on
giuliomoro@15: title, subtitle and authors, as well as in the text, and
giuliomoro@15: every optional component (e.g. Acknowledgments, Additional
giuliomoro@15: Authors, Appendices), not to mention examples of
giuliomoro@15: equations, theorems, tables and figures.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: To make best use of this sample document, run it through \LaTeX\
giuliomoro@15: and BibTeX, and compare this source code with the printed
giuliomoro@15: output produced by the dvi file. A compiled PDF version
giuliomoro@15: is available on the web page to help you with the
giuliomoro@15: `look and feel'.
giuliomoro@15: \end{abstract}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % The code below should be generated by the tool at
giuliomoro@15: % http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm
giuliomoro@15: % Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below. 
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %\begin{CCSXML}
giuliomoro@15: %<ccs2012>
giuliomoro@15:  %<concept>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010562</concept_id>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Embedded systems</concept_desc>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
giuliomoro@15:  %</concept>
giuliomoro@15:  %<concept>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010575.10010755</concept_id>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Redundancy</concept_desc>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
giuliomoro@15:  %</concept>
giuliomoro@15:  %<concept>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_id>10010520.10010553.10010554</concept_id>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_desc>Computer systems organization~Robotics</concept_desc>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
giuliomoro@15:  %</concept>
giuliomoro@15:  %<concept>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_id>10003033.10003083.10003095</concept_id>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_desc>Networks~Network reliability</concept_desc>
giuliomoro@15:   %<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
giuliomoro@15:  %</concept>
giuliomoro@15: %</ccs2012>  
giuliomoro@15: %\end{CCSXML}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %\ccsdesc[500]{Computer systems organization~Embedded systems}
giuliomoro@15: %\ccsdesc[300]{Computer systems organization~Redundancy}
giuliomoro@15: %\ccsdesc{Computer systems organization~Robotics}
giuliomoro@15: %\ccsdesc[100]{Networks~Network reliability}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %%
giuliomoro@15: %% End generated code
giuliomoro@15: %%
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %%
giuliomoro@15: %%  Use this command to print the description
giuliomoro@15: %%
giuliomoro@15: %\printccsdesc
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %% We no longer use \terms command
giuliomoro@15: %%\terms{Theory}
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %\keywords{ACM proceedings, \LaTeX, text tagging}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \section{Introduction}
giuliomoro@15: The \textit{proceedings} are the records of a conference.
giuliomoro@15: ACM seeks to give these conference by-products a uniform,
giuliomoro@15: high-quality appearance.  To do this, ACM has some rigid
giuliomoro@15: requirements for the format of the proceedings documents: there
giuliomoro@15: is a specified format (balanced  double columns), a specified
giuliomoro@15: set of fonts (Arial or Helvetica and Times Roman) in
giuliomoro@15: certain specified sizes (for instance, 9 point for body copy),
giuliomoro@15: a specified live area (18 $\times$ 23.5 cm [7" $\times$ 9.25"]) centered on
giuliomoro@15: the page, specified size of margins (1.9 cm [0.75"]) top, (2.54 cm [1"]) bottom
giuliomoro@15: and (1.9 cm [.75"]) left and right; specified column width
giuliomoro@15: (8.45 cm [3.33"]) and gutter size (.83 cm [.33"]).
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: The good news is, with only a handful of manual
giuliomoro@15: settings\footnote{Two of these, the {\texttt{\char'134 numberofauthors}}
giuliomoro@15: and {\texttt{\char'134 alignauthor}} commands, you have
giuliomoro@15: already used; another, {\texttt{\char'134 balancecolumns}}, will
giuliomoro@15: be used in your very last run of \LaTeX\ to ensure
giuliomoro@15: balanced column heights on the last page.}, the \LaTeX\ document
giuliomoro@15: class file handles all of this for you.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: The remainder of this document is concerned with showing, in
giuliomoro@15: the context of an ``actual'' document, the \LaTeX\ commands
giuliomoro@15: specifically available for denoting the structure of a
giuliomoro@15: proceedings paper, rather than with giving rigorous descriptions
giuliomoro@15: or explanations of such commands.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \section{The {\secit Body} of The Paper}
giuliomoro@15: Typically, the body of a paper is organized
giuliomoro@15: into a hierarchical structure, with numbered or unnumbered
giuliomoro@15: headings for sections, subsections, sub-subsections, and even
giuliomoro@15: smaller sections.  The command \texttt{{\char'134}section} that
giuliomoro@15: precedes this paragraph is part of such a
giuliomoro@15: hierarchy.\footnote{This is the second footnote.  It
giuliomoro@15: starts a series of three footnotes that add nothing
giuliomoro@15: informational, but just give an idea of how footnotes work
giuliomoro@15: and look. It is a wordy one, just so you see
giuliomoro@15: how a longish one plays out.} \LaTeX\ handles the numbering
giuliomoro@15: and placement of these headings for you, when you use
giuliomoro@15: the appropriate heading commands around the titles
giuliomoro@15: of the headings.  If you want a sub-subsection or
giuliomoro@15: smaller part to be unnumbered in your output, simply append an
giuliomoro@15: asterisk to the command name.  Examples of both
giuliomoro@15: numbered and unnumbered headings will appear throughout the
giuliomoro@15: balance of this sample document.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: Because the entire article is contained in
giuliomoro@15: the \textbf{document} environment, you can indicate the
giuliomoro@15: start of a new paragraph with a blank line in your
giuliomoro@15: input file; that is why this sentence forms a separate paragraph.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Type Changes and {\subsecit Special} Characters}
giuliomoro@15: We have already seen several typeface changes in this sample.  You
giuliomoro@15: can indicate italicized words or phrases in your text with
giuliomoro@15: the command \texttt{{\char'134}textit}; emboldening with the
giuliomoro@15: command \texttt{{\char'134}textbf}
giuliomoro@15: and typewriter-style (for instance, for computer code) with
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}texttt}.  But remember, you do not
giuliomoro@15: have to indicate typestyle changes when such changes are
giuliomoro@15: part of the \textit{structural} elements of your
giuliomoro@15: article; for instance, the heading of this subsection will
giuliomoro@15: be in a sans serif\footnote{A third footnote, here.
giuliomoro@15: Let's make this a rather short one to
giuliomoro@15: see how it looks.} typeface, but that is handled by the
giuliomoro@15: document class file. Take care with the use
giuliomoro@15: of\footnote{A fourth, and last, footnote.}
giuliomoro@15: the curly braces in typeface changes; they mark
giuliomoro@15: the beginning and end of
giuliomoro@15: the text that is to be in the different typeface.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: You can use whatever symbols, accented characters, or
giuliomoro@15: non-English characters you need anywhere in your document;
giuliomoro@15: you can find a complete list of what is
giuliomoro@15: available in the \textit{\LaTeX\
giuliomoro@15: User's Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Math Equations}
giuliomoro@15: You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
giuliomoro@15: inline, numbered or non-numbered display.  Each of
giuliomoro@15: the three are discussed in the next sections.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
giuliomoro@15: A formula that appears in the running text is called an
giuliomoro@15: inline or in-text formula.  It is produced by the
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{math} environment, which can be
giuliomoro@15: invoked with the usual \texttt{{\char'134}begin. . .{\char'134}end}
giuliomoro@15: construction or with the short form \texttt{\$. . .\$}. You
giuliomoro@15: can use any of the symbols and structures,
giuliomoro@15: from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
giuliomoro@15: \LaTeX\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a
giuliomoro@15: few examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how
giuliomoro@15: this equation: \begin{math}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{math},
giuliomoro@15: set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
giuliomoro@15: set in display style.  (See next section).
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Display Equations}
giuliomoro@15: A numbered display equation -- one set off by vertical space
giuliomoro@15: from the text and centered horizontally -- is produced
giuliomoro@15: by the \textbf{equation} environment. An unnumbered display
giuliomoro@15: equation is produced by the \textbf{displaymath} environment.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols
giuliomoro@15: and structures available in \LaTeX; this section will just
giuliomoro@15: give a couple of examples of display equations in context.
giuliomoro@15: First, consider the equation, shown as an inline equation above:
giuliomoro@15: \begin{equation}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0\end{equation}
giuliomoro@15: Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
giuliomoro@15: the \textbf{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: environment.  Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
giuliomoro@15: \begin{displaymath}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1\end{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: and follow it with another numbered equation:
giuliomoro@15: \begin{equation}\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f\end{equation}
giuliomoro@15: just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Citations}
giuliomoro@15: Citations to articles \cite{bowman:reasoning,
giuliomoro@15: clark:pct, braams:babel, herlihy:methodology},
giuliomoro@15: conference proceedings \cite{clark:pct} or
giuliomoro@15: books \cite{salas:calculus, Lamport:LaTeX} listed
giuliomoro@15: in the Bibliography section of your
giuliomoro@15: article will occur throughout the text of your article.
giuliomoro@15: You should use BibTeX to automatically produce this bibliography;
giuliomoro@15: you simply need to insert one of several citation commands with
giuliomoro@15: a key of the item cited in the proper location in
giuliomoro@15: the \texttt{.tex} file \cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
giuliomoro@15: The key is a short reference you invent to uniquely
giuliomoro@15: identify each work; in this sample document, the key is
giuliomoro@15: the first author's surname and a
giuliomoro@15: word from the title.  This identifying key is included
giuliomoro@15: with each item in the \texttt{.bib} file for your article.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: The details of the construction of the \texttt{.bib} file
giuliomoro@15: are beyond the scope of this sample document, but more
giuliomoro@15: information can be found in the \textit{Author's Guide},
giuliomoro@15: and exhaustive details in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's
giuliomoro@15: Guide}\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: This article shows only the plainest form
giuliomoro@15: of the citation command, using \texttt{{\char'134}cite}.
giuliomoro@15: This is what is stipulated in the SIGS style specifications.
giuliomoro@15: No other citation format is endorsed or supported.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Tables}
giuliomoro@15: Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best
giuliomoro@15: placement for them is typically the top of the page
giuliomoro@15: nearest their initial cite.  To
giuliomoro@15: ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
giuliomoro@15: environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and
giuliomoro@15: the table caption.  The contents of the table itself must go
giuliomoro@15: in the \textbf{tabular} environment, to
giuliomoro@15: be aligned properly in rows and columns, with the desired
giuliomoro@15: horizontal and vertical rules.  Again, detailed instructions
giuliomoro@15: on \textbf{tabular} material
giuliomoro@15: is found in the \textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
giuliomoro@15: Table 1 is included in the input file; compare the
giuliomoro@15: placement of the table here with the table in the printed
giuliomoro@15: dvi output of this document.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{table}
giuliomoro@15: \centering
giuliomoro@15: \caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
giuliomoro@15: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
giuliomoro@15: Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: $\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: $\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
giuliomoro@15: \hline\end{tabular}
giuliomoro@15: \end{table}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of
giuliomoro@15: the page's live area, use the environment
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's contents and
giuliomoro@15: the table caption.  As with a single-column table, this wide
giuliomoro@15: table will ``float" to a location deemed more desirable.
giuliomoro@15: Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
giuliomoro@15: Table 2 is included in the input file; again, it is
giuliomoro@15: instructive to compare the placement of the
giuliomoro@15: table here with the table in the printed dvi
giuliomoro@15: output of this document.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{table*}
giuliomoro@15: \centering
giuliomoro@15: \caption{Some Typical Commands}
giuliomoro@15: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|} \hline
giuliomoro@15: Command&A Number&Comments\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}alignauthor} & 100& Author alignment\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}numberofauthors}& 200& Author enumeration\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\ \hline
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\ \hline\end{tabular}
giuliomoro@15: \end{table*}
giuliomoro@15: % end the environment with {table*}, NOTE not {table}!
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Figures}
giuliomoro@15: Like tables, figures cannot be split across pages; the
giuliomoro@15: best placement for them
giuliomoro@15: is typically the top or the bottom of the page nearest
giuliomoro@15: their initial cite.  To ensure this proper ``floating'' placement
giuliomoro@15: of figures, use the environment
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{figure} to enclose the figure and its caption.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: This sample document contains examples of \textbf{.eps} files to be
giuliomoro@15: displayable with \LaTeX.  If you work with pdf\LaTeX, use files in the
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{.pdf} format.  Note that most modern \TeX\ system will convert
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{.eps} to \textbf{.pdf} for you on the fly.  More details on
giuliomoro@15: each of these is found in the \textit{Author's Guide}.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{figure}
giuliomoro@15: \centering
giuliomoro@15: \includegraphics{fly}
giuliomoro@15: \caption{A sample black and white graphic.}
giuliomoro@15: \end{figure}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{figure}
giuliomoro@15: \centering
giuliomoro@15: \includegraphics[height=1in, width=1in]{fly}
giuliomoro@15: \caption{A sample black and white graphic
giuliomoro@15: that has been resized with the \texttt{includegraphics} command.}
giuliomoro@15: \end{figure}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: As was the case with tables, you may want a figure
giuliomoro@15: that spans two columns.  To do this, and still to
giuliomoro@15: ensure proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the environment
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{figure*} to enclose the figure and its caption.
giuliomoro@15: and don't forget to end the environment with
giuliomoro@15: {figure*}, not {figure}!
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \begin{figure*}
giuliomoro@15: \centering
giuliomoro@15: \includegraphics{flies}
giuliomoro@15: \caption{A sample black and white graphic
giuliomoro@15: that needs to span two columns of text.}
giuliomoro@15: \end{figure*}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %\begin{figure}
giuliomoro@15: %\centering
giuliomoro@15: %\includegraphics[height=1in, width=1in]{rosette}
giuliomoro@15: %\caption{A sample black and white graphic that has
giuliomoro@15: %been resized with the \texttt{includegraphics} command.}
giuliomoro@15: %\vskip -6pt
giuliomoro@15: %\end{figure}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
giuliomoro@15: Other common constructs that may occur in your article are
giuliomoro@15: the forms for logical constructs like theorems, axioms,
giuliomoro@15: corollaries and proofs.  There are
giuliomoro@15: two forms, one produced by the
giuliomoro@15: command \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} and the
giuliomoro@15: other by the command \texttt{{\char'134}newdef}; perhaps
giuliomoro@15: the clearest and easiest way to distinguish them is
giuliomoro@15: to compare the two in the output of this sample document:
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: This uses the \textbf{theorem} environment, created by
giuliomoro@15: the\linebreak\texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} command:
giuliomoro@15: \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
giuliomoro@15: \begin{theorem}
giuliomoro@15: Let $f$ be continuous on $[a,b]$.  If $G$ is
giuliomoro@15: an antiderivative for $f$ on $[a,b]$, then
giuliomoro@15: \begin{displaymath}\int^b_af(t)dt = G(b) - G(a).\end{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: \end{theorem}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: The other uses the \textbf{definition} environment, created
giuliomoro@15: by the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command:
giuliomoro@15: \newdef{definition}{Definition}
giuliomoro@15: \begin{definition}
giuliomoro@15: If $z$ is irrational, then by $e^z$ we mean the
giuliomoro@15: unique number which has
giuliomoro@15: logarithm $z$: \begin{displaymath}{\log e^z = z}\end{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: \end{definition}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: Two lists of constructs that use one of these
giuliomoro@15: forms is given in the
giuliomoro@15: \textit{Author's  Guidelines}.
giuliomoro@15:  
giuliomoro@15: There is one other similar construct environment, which is
giuliomoro@15: already set up
giuliomoro@15: for you; i.e. you must \textit{not} use
giuliomoro@15: a \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to
giuliomoro@15: create it: the \textbf{proof} environment.  Here
giuliomoro@15: is a example of its use:
giuliomoro@15: \begin{proof}
giuliomoro@15: Suppose on the contrary there exists a real number $L$ such that
giuliomoro@15: \begin{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: \lim_{x\rightarrow\infty} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = L.
giuliomoro@15: \end{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: Then
giuliomoro@15: \begin{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: l=\lim_{x\rightarrow c} f(x)
giuliomoro@15: = \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
giuliomoro@15: \left[ g{x} \cdot \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right ]
giuliomoro@15: = \lim_{x\rightarrow c} g(x) \cdot \lim_{x\rightarrow c}
giuliomoro@15: \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = 0\cdot L = 0,
giuliomoro@15: \end{displaymath}
giuliomoro@15: which contradicts our assumption that $l\neq 0$.
giuliomoro@15: \end{proof}
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: Complete rules about using these environments and using the
giuliomoro@15: two different creation commands are in the
giuliomoro@15: \textit{Author's Guide}; please consult it for more
giuliomoro@15: detailed instructions.  If you need to use another construct,
giuliomoro@15: not listed therein, which you want to have the same
giuliomoro@15: formatting as the Theorem
giuliomoro@15: or the Definition\cite{salas:calculus} shown above,
giuliomoro@15: use the \texttt{{\char'134}newtheorem} or the
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command,
giuliomoro@15: respectively, to create it.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \subsection*{A {\secit Caveat} for the \TeX\ Expert}
giuliomoro@15: Because you have just been given permission to
giuliomoro@15: use the \texttt{{\char'134}newdef} command to create a
giuliomoro@15: new form, you might think you can
giuliomoro@15: use \TeX's \texttt{{\char'134}def} to create a
giuliomoro@15: new command: \textit{Please refrain from doing this!}
giuliomoro@15: Remember that your \LaTeX\ source code is primarily intended
giuliomoro@15: to create camera-ready copy, but may be converted
giuliomoro@15: to other forms -- e.g. HTML. If you inadvertently omit
giuliomoro@15: some or all of the \texttt{{\char'134}def}s recompilation will
giuliomoro@15: be, to say the least, problematic.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: \section{Conclusions}
giuliomoro@15: This paragraph will end the body of this sample document.
giuliomoro@15: Remember that you might still have Acknowledgments or
giuliomoro@15: Appendices; brief samples of these
giuliomoro@15: follow.  There is still the Bibliography to deal with; and
giuliomoro@15: we will make a disclaimer about that here: with the exception
giuliomoro@15: of the reference to the \LaTeX\ book, the citations in
giuliomoro@15: this paper are to articles which have nothing to
giuliomoro@15: do with the present subject and are used as
giuliomoro@15: examples only.
giuliomoro@15: %\end{document}  % This is where a 'short' article might terminate
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %ACKNOWLEDGMENTS are optional
giuliomoro@15: \section{Acknowledgments}
giuliomoro@15: This section is optional; it is a location for you
giuliomoro@15: to acknowledge grants, funding, editing assistance and
giuliomoro@15: what have you.  In the present case, for example, the
giuliomoro@15: authors would like to thank Gerald Murray of ACM for
giuliomoro@15: his help in codifying this \textit{Author's Guide}
giuliomoro@15: and the \textbf{.cls} and \textbf{.tex} files that it describes.
giuliomoro@15: 
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % The following two commands are all you need in the
giuliomoro@15: % initial runs of your .tex file to
giuliomoro@15: % produce the bibliography for the citations in your paper.
giuliomoro@15: \bibliographystyle{abbrv}
giuliomoro@15: \bibliography{sigproc}  % sigproc.bib is the name of the Bibliography in this case
giuliomoro@15: % You must have a proper ".bib" file
giuliomoro@15: %  and remember to run:
giuliomoro@15: % latex bibtex latex latex
giuliomoro@15: % to resolve all references
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: % ACM needs 'a single self-contained file'!
giuliomoro@15: %
giuliomoro@15: %APPENDICES are optional
giuliomoro@15: %\balancecolumns
giuliomoro@15: \appendix
giuliomoro@15: %Appendix A
giuliomoro@15: \section{Headings in Appendices}
giuliomoro@15: The rules about hierarchical headings discussed above for
giuliomoro@15: the body of the article are different in the appendices.
giuliomoro@15: In the \textbf{appendix} environment, the command
giuliomoro@15: \textbf{section} is used to
giuliomoro@15: indicate the start of each Appendix, with alphabetic order
giuliomoro@15: designation (i.e. the first is A, the second B, etc.) and
giuliomoro@15: a title (if you include one).  So, if you need
giuliomoro@15: hierarchical structure
giuliomoro@15: \textit{within} an Appendix, start with \textbf{subsection} as the
giuliomoro@15: highest level. Here is an outline of the body of this
giuliomoro@15: document in Appendix-appropriate form:
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Introduction}
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{The Body of the Paper}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Type Changes and  Special Characters}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Math Equations}
giuliomoro@15: \paragraph{Inline (In-text) Equations}
giuliomoro@15: \paragraph{Display Equations}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Citations}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Tables}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Figures}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection{Theorem-like Constructs}
giuliomoro@15: \subsubsection*{A Caveat for the \TeX\ Expert}
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Conclusions}
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Acknowledgments}
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{Additional Authors}
giuliomoro@15: This section is inserted by \LaTeX; you do not insert it.
giuliomoro@15: You just add the names and information in the
giuliomoro@15: \texttt{{\char'134}additionalauthors} command at the start
giuliomoro@15: of the document.
giuliomoro@15: \subsection{References}
giuliomoro@15: Generated by bibtex from your ~.bib file.  Run latex,
giuliomoro@15: then bibtex, then latex twice (to resolve references)
giuliomoro@15: to create the ~.bbl file.  Insert that ~.bbl file into
giuliomoro@15: the .tex source file and comment out
giuliomoro@15: the command \texttt{{\char'134}thebibliography}.
giuliomoro@15: % This next section command marks the start of
giuliomoro@15: % Appendix B, and does not continue the present hierarchy
giuliomoro@15: \section{More Help for the Hardy}
giuliomoro@15: The sig-alternate.cls file itself is chock-full of succinct
giuliomoro@15: and helpful comments.  If you consider yourself a moderately
giuliomoro@15: experienced to expert user of \LaTeX, you may find reading
giuliomoro@15: it useful but please remember not to change it.
giuliomoro@15: %\balancecolumns % GM June 2007
giuliomoro@15: % That's all folks!
giuliomoro@15: \end{sloppypar}
giuliomoro@15: \end{document}