comparison PyTypeConversions.cpp @ 71:40a01bb24209 vampyhost

Pull apart some type conversion classes for possible use in VamPy Host

+/* -*- c-basic-offset: 8 indent-tabs-mode: t -*- */
+/*
+
+ * Vampy : This plugin is a wrapper around the Vamp plugin API.
+ * It allows for writing Vamp plugins in Python.
+
+ * Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London.
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Gyorgy Fazekas, QMUL. (See Vamp sources 
+ * for licence information.)
+
+*/
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include "PyTypeConversions.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#ifndef SIZE_T_MAX
+#define SIZE_T_MAX ((size_t) -1)
+#endif
+
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+/*  Note: NO FUNCTION IN THIS CLASS SHOULD ALTER REFERENCE COUNTS
+	(EXCEPT FOR TEMPORARY PYTHON OBJECTS)! */
+
+PyTypeConversions::PyTypeConversions() : 
+	m_strict(false),
+	m_error(false),
+	m_numpyInstalled(false),
+	error(m_error) // const public reference for easy access
+{
+}
+
+PyTypeConversions::~PyTypeConversions()
+{
+}
+
+/// floating point numbers (TODO: check numpy.float128)
+float 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Float(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	// convert float
+	if (pyValue && PyFloat_Check(pyValue)) 
+		//TODO: check for limits here (same on most systems)
+		return (float) PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(pyValue);
+	
+	if (pyValue == NULL)
+	{
+		setValueError("Error while converting object " + PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to float. ",m_strict);
+		return 0.0;		
+	}
+		
+	// in strict mode we will not try harder
+	if (m_strict) {
+		setValueError("Strict conversion error: object" + PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) +" is not float.",m_strict);
+		return 0.0;
+	}
+
+	// convert other objects supporting the number protocol
+	if (PyNumber_Check(pyValue))
+	{
+		PyObject* pyFloat = PyNumber_Float(pyValue); // new ref
+		if (!pyFloat)
+		{
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+			setValueError("Error while converting " + PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " object to float.",m_strict);
+			return 0.0;
+		}
+		float rValue = (float) PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(pyFloat);
+		Py_DECREF(pyFloat);
+		return rValue;
+	}
+/*	
+	// convert other objects supporting the number protocol
+	if (PyNumber_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{	
+		// PEP353: Py_ssize_t is size_t but signed !
+		// This will work up to numpy.float64
+		Py_ssize_t rValue = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(pyValue,NULL);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
+		{
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();
+			setValueError("Error while converting integer object.",m_strict);
+			return 0.0;
+		}
+		if (rValue > (Py_ssize_t)FLT_MAX || rValue < (Py_ssize_t)FLT_MIN)
+		{
+			setValueError("Overflow error. Object can not be converted to float.",m_strict);
+			return 0.0;
+		}
+		return (float) rValue;
+	}
+*/	
+    // convert string
+	if (PyString_Check(pyValue))
+	{
+		PyObject* pyFloat = PyFloat_FromString(pyValue,NULL);
+		if (!pyFloat) 
+		{
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+			setValueError("String value can not be converted to float.",m_strict);
+			return 0.0;
+		}
+		float rValue = (float) PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(pyFloat);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
+		{
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); 
+			Py_CLEAR(pyFloat);
+			setValueError("Error while converting float object.",m_strict);
+			return 0.0;
+		}
+		Py_DECREF(pyFloat);
+		return rValue;
+	}
+	
+	// convert the first element of any iterable sequence (for convenience and backwards compatibility)
+	if (PySequence_Check(pyValue) && PySequence_Size(pyValue) > 0) 
+	{
+		PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(pyValue,0);
+		if (item)
+		{
+			float rValue = this->PyValue_To_Float(item);
+			if (!m_error) {
+				Py_DECREF(item);
+				return rValue;
+			} else {
+				Py_CLEAR(item);
+				std::string msg = "Could not convert sequence element to float. ";
+				setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+				return 0.0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+    // give up
+	if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+	std::string msg = "Conversion from " + PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to float is not possible.";
+	setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Float failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif	
+	return 0.0;
+}
+
+/// size_t (unsigned integer types)
+size_t 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Size_t(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	// convert objects supporting the number protocol 
+	if (PyNumber_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{	
+		if (m_strict && !PyInt_Check(pyValue) && !PyLong_Check(pyValue)) 
+			setValueError("Strict conversion error: object is not integer type.",m_strict);
+		// Note: this function handles Bool,Int,Long,Float
+		// speed is not critical in the use of this type by Vamp
+		// PEP353: Py_ssize_t is size_t but signed ! 
+		Py_ssize_t rValue = PyInt_AsSsize_t(pyValue);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
+		{
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();
+			setValueError("Error while converting integer object.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// this test is nonsense -- neither part can occur
+		// owing to range of data types -- size_t is at least
+		// as big as long, and unsigned is always non-negative
+/*
+		if ((unsigned long)rValue > SIZE_T_MAX || (unsigned long)rValue < 0)
+		{
+			setValueError("Overflow error. Object can not be converted to size_t.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+*/
+		return (size_t) rValue;
+	}
+	
+	// in strict mode we will not try harder and throw an exception
+	// then the caller should decide what to do with it
+	if (m_strict) {
+		setValueError("Strict conversion error: object is not integer.",m_strict);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	
+	// convert string
+	if (PyString_Check(pyValue))
+	{
+		PyObject* pyLong = PyNumber_Long(pyValue);
+		if (!pyLong) 
+		{
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+			setValueError("String object can not be converted to size_t.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		size_t rValue = this->PyValue_To_Size_t(pyLong);
+		if (!m_error) {
+			Py_DECREF(pyLong);
+			return rValue;
+		} else {
+			Py_CLEAR(pyLong);
+			setValueError ("Error converting string to size_t.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// convert the first element of iterable sequences
+	if (PySequence_Check(pyValue) && PySequence_Size(pyValue) > 0) 
+	{
+		PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(pyValue,0);
+		if (item)
+		{
+			size_t rValue = this->PyValue_To_Size_t(item);
+			if (!m_error) {
+				Py_DECREF(item);
+				return rValue;
+			} else {
+				Py_CLEAR(item);
+				setValueError("Could not convert sequence element to size_t. ",m_strict);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+    // give up
+	if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+	std::string msg = "Conversion from " + this->PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to size_t is not possible.";
+	setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Size_t failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif	
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/// long and int
+long 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Long(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	// most common case: convert int (faster)
+	if (pyValue && PyInt_Check(pyValue)) {
+		// if the object is not NULL and verified, this macro just extracts the value.
+		return PyInt_AS_LONG(pyValue);
+	} 
+	
+	// long
+	if (PyLong_Check(pyValue)) {
+		long rValue = PyLong_AsLong(pyValue);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) { 
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); 
+			setValueError("Error while converting long object.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return rValue;
+	}
+	
+	if (m_strict) {
+		setValueError("Strict conversion error: object is not integer or long integer.",m_strict);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	
+	// convert all objects supporting the number protocol
+	if (PyNumber_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{	
+		// Note: this function handles Bool,Int,Long,Float
+		// PEP353: Py_ssize_t is size_t but signed ! 
+		Py_ssize_t rValue = PyInt_AsSsize_t(pyValue);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
+		{
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();
+			setValueError("Error while converting integer object.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (rValue > LONG_MAX || rValue < LONG_MIN)
+		{
+			setValueError("Overflow error. Object can not be converted to size_t.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return (long) rValue;
+	}
+	
+	// convert string
+	if (PyString_Check(pyValue))
+	{
+		PyObject* pyLong = PyNumber_Long(pyValue);
+		if (!pyLong) 
+		{
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+			setValueError("String object can not be converted to long.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		long rValue = this->PyValue_To_Long(pyLong);
+		if (!m_error) {
+			Py_DECREF(pyLong);
+			return rValue;
+		} else {
+			Py_CLEAR(pyLong);
+			setValueError ("Error converting string to long.",m_strict);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// convert the first element of iterable sequences
+	if (PySequence_Check(pyValue) && PySequence_Size(pyValue) > 0) 
+	{
+		PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(pyValue,0);
+		if (item)
+		{
+			size_t rValue = this->PyValue_To_Long(item);
+			if (!m_error) {
+				Py_DECREF(item);
+				return rValue;
+			} else {
+				Py_CLEAR(item);
+				setValueError("Could not convert sequence element to long. ",m_strict);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+    // give up
+	if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+	std::string msg = "Conversion from " + this->PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to long is not possible.";
+	setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Long failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif	
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+bool 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Bool(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	// convert objects supporting the number protocol
+	// Note: PyBool is a subclass of PyInt
+	if (PyNumber_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{	
+		if (m_strict && !PyBool_Check(pyValue)) 
+			setValueError
+			("Strict conversion error: object is not boolean type.",m_strict);
+
+		// Note: this function handles Bool,Int,Long,Float
+		Py_ssize_t rValue = PyInt_AsSsize_t(pyValue);
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) 
+		{
+			PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();
+			setValueError ("Error while converting boolean object.",m_strict);
+		}
+		if (rValue != 1 && rValue != 0)
+		{
+			setValueError ("Overflow error. Object can not be converted to boolean.",m_strict);
+		}
+		return (bool) rValue;
+	}
+	
+	if (m_strict) {
+		setValueError ("Strict conversion error: object is not numerical type.",m_strict);
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	// convert iterables: the rule is the same as in the interpreter:
+	// empty sequence evaluates to False, anything else is True
+	if (PySequence_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{
+		return PySequence_Size(pyValue)?true:false;
+	}
+	
+    // give up
+	if (PyErr_Occurred()) { PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear(); }
+	std::string msg = "Conversion from " + this->PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to boolean is not possible.";
+	setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_Bool failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif	
+	return false;
+}
+
+/// string and objects that support .__str__() 
+/// TODO: check unicode objects
+std::string 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_String(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	// convert string
+	if (PyString_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{	
+		char *cstr = PyString_AS_STRING(pyValue);
+		if (!cstr) 
+		{
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+			setValueError("Error while converting string object.",m_strict);
+			return std::string();
+		}
+		return std::string(cstr);
+	}
+	// TODO: deal with unicode here (argh!)
+	
+	// in strict mode we will not try harder
+	if (m_strict) {
+		setValueError("Strict conversion error: object is not string.",m_strict);
+		return std::string();
+	}
+	
+	// accept None as empty string
+	if (pyValue == Py_None) return std::string();
+			
+	// convert list or tuple: empties are turned into empty strings conventionally
+	if (PyList_Check(pyValue) || PyTuple_Check(pyValue)) 
+	{
+		if (!PySequence_Size(pyValue)) return std::string();
+		PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(pyValue,0);
+		if (item)
+		{
+			std::string rValue = this->PyValue_To_String(item);
+			if (!m_error) {
+				Py_DECREF(item);
+				return rValue;
+			} else {
+				Py_CLEAR(item);
+				setValueError("Could not convert sequence element to string.",m_strict);
+				return std::string();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// convert any other object that has .__str__() or .__repr__()
+	PyObject* pyString = PyObject_Str(pyValue);
+	if (pyString && !PyErr_Occurred())
+	{
+		std::string rValue = this->PyValue_To_String(pyString);
+		if (!m_error) {
+			Py_DECREF(pyString);
+			return rValue;
+		} else {
+			Py_CLEAR(pyString);
+			std::string msg = "Object " + this->PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) +" can not be represented as string. ";
+			setValueError (msg,m_strict);
+			return std::string();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// give up
+	PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();
+	std::string msg = "Conversion from " + this->PyValue_Get_TypeName(pyValue) + " to string is not possible.";
+	setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_String failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif	
+	return std::string();
+}
+
+/*			 			C Values to Py Values				  		*/
+
+
+PyObject*
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue(const char* cValue) const
+{
+	// returns new reference
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	if (!cValue) {
+		std::string msg = "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue: Null pointer encountered while converting from const char* .";
+		cerr << msg << endl;
+		setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+#endif
+	PyObject *pyValue = PyString_FromString(cValue);
+	if (!pyValue)
+	{
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		setValueError("Error while converting from char* or string.",m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue: Interpreter failed to convert from const char*" << endl;
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return pyValue;
+}
+
+PyObject*
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue(size_t cValue) const
+{
+	// returns new reference
+	PyObject *pyValue = PyInt_FromSsize_t((Py_ssize_t)cValue);
+	if (!pyValue)
+	{
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		setValueError("Error while converting from size_t.",m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue: Interpreter failed to convert from size_t" << endl;
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return pyValue;
+}
+
+PyObject*
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue(double cValue) const
+{
+	// returns new reference
+	PyObject *pyValue = PyFloat_FromDouble(cValue);
+	if (!pyValue)
+	{
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		setValueError("Error while converting from float or double.",m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue: Interpreter failed to convert from float or double" << endl;
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return pyValue;
+}
+
+PyObject*
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue(bool cValue) const
+{
+	// returns new reference
+	PyObject *pyValue = PyBool_FromLong((long)cValue);
+	if (!pyValue)
+	{
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		setValueError("Error while converting from bool.",m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_From_CValue: Interpreter failed to convert from bool" << endl;
+#endif
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return pyValue;
+}
+
+
+/*			 			Sequence Types to C++ Types	    		  	*/
+
+//convert Python list to C++ vector of strings
+std::vector<std::string> 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_StringVector (PyObject *pyList) const 
+{
+	
+	std::vector<std::string> Output;
+	std::string ListElement;
+	PyObject *pyString = NULL;
+	
+	if (PyList_Check(pyList)) {
+
+		for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(pyList); ++i) {
+			//Get next list item (Borrowed Reference)
+			pyString = PyList_GET_ITEM(pyList,i);
+			ListElement = (string) PyString_AsString(PyObject_Str(pyString));
+			Output.push_back(ListElement);
+		}
+		return Output;
+	}
+
+// #ifdef _DEBUG
+// 	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_StringVector: Warning: Value is not list of strings." << endl;
+// #endif
+
+	/// Assume a single value that can be casted as string 
+	/// this allows to write e.g. Feature.label = 5.2 instead of ['5.2']
+	Output.push_back(PyValue_To_String(pyList));
+	if (m_error) {
+		std::string msg = "Value is not list of strings nor can be casted as string. ";
+		setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_StringVector failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif
+	}
+	return Output;
+}
+
+//convert PyFeature.value (typically a list or numpy array) to C++ vector of floats
+std::vector<float> 
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_FloatVector (PyObject *pyValue) const 
+{
+
+#ifdef HAVE_NUMPY
+if (m_numpyInstalled) 
+{
+	// there are four types of values we may receive from a numpy process:
+	// * a python scalar, 
+	// * an array scalar, (e.g. numpy.float32)
+	// * an array with nd = 0  (0D array)
+	// * an array with nd > 0
+
+	/// check for scalars
+	if (PyArray_CheckScalar(pyValue) || PyFloat_Check(pyValue)) {
+
+		std::vector<float> Output;
+
+		// we rely on the behaviour the scalars are either floats
+		// or support the number protocol
+		// TODO: a potential optimisation is to handle them directly
+		Output.push_back(PyValue_To_Float(pyValue));
+		return Output;
+	}
+
+	/// numpy array
+	if (PyArray_CheckExact(pyValue)) 
+		return PyArray_To_FloatVector(pyValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+	/// python list of floats (backward compatible)
+	if (PyList_Check(pyValue)) {
+		return PyList_To_FloatVector(pyValue);
+	}
+
+	std::vector<float> Output;
+	
+	/// finally assume a single value supporting the number protocol 
+	/// this allows to write e.g. Feature.values = 5 instead of [5.00]
+	Output.push_back(PyValue_To_Float(pyValue));
+	if (m_error) {
+		std::string msg = "Value is not list or array of floats nor can be casted as float. ";
+		setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyValue_To_FloatVector failed. " << msg << endl;
+#endif
+	}
+	return Output;
+}
+
+//convert a list of python floats
+std::vector<float> 
+PyTypeConversions::PyList_To_FloatVector (PyObject *inputList) const 
+{
+	std::vector<float> Output;
+	
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	// This is a low level function normally called from 
+	// PyValue_To_FloatVector(). Checking for list is not required.
+	if (!PyList_Check(inputList)) {
+		std::string msg = "Value is not list.";
+		setValueError(msg,true);
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyList_To_FloatVector failed. " << msg << endl;
+		return Output; 
+	} 
+#endif
+
+	float ListElement;
+	PyObject *pyFloat = NULL;
+	PyObject **pyObjectArray = PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(inputList);
+
+	for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < PyList_GET_SIZE(inputList); ++i) {
+
+		// pyFloat = PyList_GET_ITEM(inputList,i);
+		pyFloat = pyObjectArray[i];
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		if (!pyFloat) {
+			if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+			cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyList_To_FloatVector: Could not obtain list element: " 
+			<< i << " PyList_GetItem returned NULL! Skipping value." << endl;
+			continue;
+		}
+#endif		
+
+		// ListElement = (float) PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(pyFloat);
+		ListElement = PyValue_To_Float(pyFloat);
+		
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG_VALUES
+		cerr << "value: " << ListElement << endl;
+#endif
+		Output.push_back(ListElement);
+	}
+	return Output;
+}
+
+// if numpy is not installed this will not be called, 
+// therefor we do not check again
+#ifdef HAVE_NUMPY 
+std::vector<float> 
+PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector (PyObject *pyValue) const 
+{
+	std::vector<float> Output;
+	
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	// This is a low level function, normally called from 
+	// PyValue_To_FloatVector(). Checking the array here is not required.
+	if (!PyArray_Check(pyValue)) {
+		std::string msg = "Object has no array conversions.";
+		setValueError(msg,true);
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector failed. " << msg << endl;
+		return Output; 
+	} 
+#endif
+
+	PyArrayObject* pyArray = (PyArrayObject*) pyValue;
+	PyArray_Descr* descr = PyArray_DESCR(pyArray);
+	
+	/// check raw data and descriptor pointers
+	if (PyArray_DATA(pyArray) == 0 || descr == 0) {
+		std::string msg = "NumPy array with NULL data or descriptor pointer encountered.";
+		setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector failed. Error: " << msg << endl;
+#endif		
+		return Output;
+	}
+
+	/// check dimensions
+	if (PyArray_NDIM(pyArray) != 1) {
+		std::string msg = "NumPy array must be a one dimensional vector.";
+		setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+		cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector failed. Error: " << msg << " Dims: " << (int) PyArray_NDIM(pyArray) << endl;
+#endif	
+		return Output;
+	}
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG_VALUES
+	cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector: Numpy array verified." << endl;
+#endif
+	
+	/// check strides (useful if array is not continuous)
+	size_t strides =  *((size_t*) PyArray_STRIDES(pyArray));
+    
+	/// convert the array
+	switch (descr->type_num)
+	{
+		case NPY_FLOAT : // dtype='float32'
+			return PyArray_Convert<float,float>(PyArray_DATA(pyArray),PyArray_DIMS(pyArray)[0],strides);
+		case NPY_DOUBLE : // dtype='float64'
+			return PyArray_Convert<float,double>(PyArray_DATA(pyArray),PyArray_DIMS(pyArray)[0],strides);
+		case NPY_INT : // dtype='int'
+			return PyArray_Convert<float,int>(PyArray_DATA(pyArray),PyArray_DIMS(pyArray)[0],strides);
+		case NPY_LONG : // dtype='long'
+			return PyArray_Convert<float,long>(PyArray_DATA(pyArray),PyArray_DIMS(pyArray)[0],strides);
+		default :
+			std::string msg = "Unsupported value type in NumPy array object.";
+			setValueError(msg,m_strict);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+			cerr << "PyTypeConversions::PyArray_To_FloatVector failed. Error: " << msg << endl;
+#endif			
+			return Output;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*			   			  	Error handling		   			  		*/
+
+void
+PyTypeConversions::setValueError (std::string message, bool strict) const
+{
+	m_error = true;
+	m_errorQueue.push(ValueError(message,strict));
+}
+
+/// return a reference to the last error or creates a new one.
+ValueError&
+PyTypeConversions::lastError() const 
+{
+	m_error = false;
+	if (!m_errorQueue.empty()) return m_errorQueue.back();
+	else {
+		m_errorQueue.push(ValueError("Type conversion error.",m_strict));
+		return m_errorQueue.back();
+	}
+}
+
+/// helper function to iterate over the error message queue:
+/// pops the oldest item
+ValueError 
+PyTypeConversions::getError() const
+{
+	if (!m_errorQueue.empty()) {
+		ValueError e = m_errorQueue.front();
+		m_errorQueue.pop();
+		if (m_errorQueue.empty()) m_error = false;
+		return e;
+	}
+	else {
+		m_error = false;
+		return ValueError();
+	}
+}
+
+/*			   			  	Utilities						  		*/
+
+/// get the type name of an object
+std::string
+PyTypeConversions::PyValue_Get_TypeName(PyObject* pyValue) const
+{
+	PyObject *pyType = PyObject_Type(pyValue);
+	if (!pyType) 
+	{
+		cerr << "Warning: Object type name could not be found." << endl;
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		return std::string ("< unknown type >");
+	}
+	PyObject *pyString = PyObject_Str(pyType);
+	if (!pyString)
+	{
+		cerr << "Warning: Object type name could not be found." << endl;
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		Py_CLEAR(pyType);
+		return std::string ("< unknown type >");
+	}
+	char *cstr = PyString_AS_STRING(pyString);
+	if (!cstr)
+	{
+		cerr << "Warning: Object type name could not be found." << endl;
+		if (PyErr_Occurred()) {PyErr_Print(); PyErr_Clear();}
+		Py_DECREF(pyType);
+		Py_CLEAR(pyString);
+		return std::string("< unknown type >");
+	}
+	Py_DECREF(pyType);
+	Py_DECREF(pyString);
+	return std::string(cstr);
+	
+}