Chris@16: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Chris@101: // Copyright Christopher Kormanyos 2002 - 2013.
Chris@101: // Copyright 2011 -2013 John Maddock. Distributed under the Boost
Chris@101: // Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
Chris@101: // LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: // This work is based on an earlier work:
Chris@16: // "Algorithm 910: A Portable C++ Multiple-Precision System for Special-Function Calculations",
Chris@16: // in ACM TOMS, {VOL 37, ISSUE 4, (February 2011)} (C) ACM, 2011. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1916461.1916469
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: // Note that there are no "noexcept" specifications on the functions in this file: there are too many
Chris@101: // calls to lexical_cast (and similar) to easily analyse the code for correctness. So until compilers
Chris@16: // can detect noexcept misuse at compile time, the only realistic option is to simply not use it here.
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #ifndef BOOST_MP_CPP_DEC_FLOAT_BACKEND_HPP
Chris@16: #define BOOST_MP_CPP_DEC_FLOAT_BACKEND_HPP
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #include <boost/config.hpp>
Chris@16: #include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
Chris@16: #include <limits>
Chris@16: #ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_HDR_ARRAY
Chris@16: #include <array>
Chris@16: #else
Chris@16: #include <boost/array.hpp>
Chris@16: #endif
Chris@16: #include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
Chris@16: #include <boost/multiprecision/number.hpp>
Chris@16: #include <boost/multiprecision/detail/big_lanczos.hpp>
Chris@16: #include <boost/multiprecision/detail/dynamic_array.hpp>
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: // Headers required for Boost.Math integration:
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: #include <boost/math/policies/policy.hpp>
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace boost{
Chris@16: namespace multiprecision{
Chris@16: namespace backends{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType = boost::int32_t, class Allocator = void>
Chris@16: class cpp_dec_float;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: } // namespace
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: struct number_category<backends::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> > : public mpl::int_<number_kind_floating_point>{};
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace backends{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: class cpp_dec_float
Chris@16: {
Chris@16: private:
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_digits10_setting = Digits10;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // We need at least 16-bits in the exponent type to do anything sensible:
Chris@16:    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(boost::is_signed<ExponentType>::value, "ExponentType must be a signed built in integer type.");
Chris@16:    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(sizeof(ExponentType) > 1, "ExponentType is too small.");
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: public:
Chris@101:    typedef mpl::list<long long> signed_types;
Chris@101:    typedef mpl::list<unsigned long long> unsigned_types;
Chris@101:    typedef mpl::list<long double> float_types;
Chris@101:    typedef ExponentType exponent_type;
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_radix = 10L;
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_lo = 9L;
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_hi = boost::integer_traits<boost::int32_t>::const_max - 100;
Chris@101:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_digits10 = ((cpp_dec_float_digits10_setting < cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_lo) ? cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_lo : ((cpp_dec_float_digits10_setting > cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_hi) ? cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_hi : cpp_dec_float_digits10_setting));
Chris@101:    static const ExponentType cpp_dec_float_max_exp10 = (static_cast<ExponentType>(1) << (std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::digits - 5));
Chris@101:    static const ExponentType cpp_dec_float_min_exp10 = -cpp_dec_float_max_exp10;
Chris@101:    static const ExponentType cpp_dec_float_max_exp = cpp_dec_float_max_exp10;
Chris@101:    static const ExponentType cpp_dec_float_min_exp = cpp_dec_float_min_exp10;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_max_exp10 == -cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_min_exp10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: private:
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10 = 8L;
Chris@101:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_elem_mask = 100000000L;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(0 == cpp_dec_float_max_exp10 % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // There are three guard limbs.
Chris@16:    // 1) The first limb has 'play' from 1...8 decimal digits.
Chris@16:    // 2) The last limb also has 'play' from 1...8 decimal digits.
Chris@16:    // 3) One limb can get lost when justifying after multiply,
Chris@101:    // as only half of the triangle is multiplied and a carry
Chris@101:    // from below is missing.
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_elem_number_request = static_cast<boost::int32_t>((cpp_dec_float_digits10 / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) + (((cpp_dec_float_digits10 % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) != 0) ? 1 : 0));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // The number of elements needed (with a minimum of two) plus three added guard limbs.
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_elem_number = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(((cpp_dec_float_elem_number_request < 2L) ? 2L : cpp_dec_float_elem_number_request) + 3L);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: public:
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_total_digits10 = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number * cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: private:
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    typedef enum enum_fpclass_type
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float_finite,
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float_inf,
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float_NaN
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    fpclass_type;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_HDR_ARRAY
Chris@16:    typedef typename mpl::if_<is_void<Allocator>,
Chris@16:       std::array<boost::uint32_t, cpp_dec_float_elem_number>,
Chris@16:       detail::dynamic_array<boost::uint32_t, cpp_dec_float_elem_number, Allocator>
Chris@16:       >::type array_type;
Chris@16: #else
Chris@16:    typedef typename mpl::if_<is_void<Allocator>,
Chris@16:       boost::array<boost::uint32_t, cpp_dec_float_elem_number>,
Chris@16:       detail::dynamic_array<boost::uint32_t, cpp_dec_float_elem_number, Allocator>
Chris@16:       >::type array_type;
Chris@16: #endif
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    array_type data;
Chris@101:    ExponentType exp;
Chris@101:    bool neg;
Chris@101:    fpclass_type fpclass;
Chris@101:    boost::int32_t prec_elem;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    //
Chris@16:    // Special values constructor:
Chris@16:    //
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(fpclass_type c) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (c),
Chris@16:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number) { }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       //
Chris@16:       // Static data initializer:
Chris@16:       //
Chris@16:       struct initializer
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          initializer()
Chris@16:          {
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::nan();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::inf();
Chris@16:             (cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::min)();
Chris@16:             (cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::max)();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::zero();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::one();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::two();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::half();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::double_min();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::double_max();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::long_double_max();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::long_double_min();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::long_long_max();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::long_long_min();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::ulong_long_max();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::eps();
Chris@101:              cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::pow2(0);
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          void do_nothing(){}
Chris@16:       };
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       static initializer init;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: public:
Chris@16:    // Constructors
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float() BOOST_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(array_type())) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@16:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number) { }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(const char* s) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@101:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = s;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template<class I>
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(I i, typename enable_if<is_unsigned<I> >::type* = 0) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@101:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          from_unsigned_long_long(i);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template <class I>
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(I i, typename enable_if<is_signed<I> >::type* = 0) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@101:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if(i < 0)
Chris@16:          {
Chris@101:             from_unsigned_long_long(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(i));
Chris@16:             negate();
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          else
Chris@16:             from_unsigned_long_long(i);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(const cpp_dec_float& f) BOOST_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(array_type(std::declval<const array_type&>()))) :
Chris@101:       data (f.data),
Chris@101:       exp (f.exp),
Chris@101:       neg (f.neg),
Chris@101:       fpclass (f.fpclass),
Chris@16:       prec_elem(f.prec_elem) { }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template <unsigned D, class ET, class A>
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(const cpp_dec_float<D, ET, A>& f, typename enable_if_c<D <= Digits10>::type* = 0) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (f.exp),
Chris@101:       neg (f.neg),
Chris@101:       fpclass (static_cast<fpclass_type>(static_cast<int>(f.fpclass))),
Chris@16:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       std::copy(f.data.begin(), f.data.begin() + f.prec_elem, data.begin());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    template <unsigned D, class ET, class A>
Chris@101:    explicit cpp_dec_float(const cpp_dec_float<D, ET, A>& f, typename disable_if_c<D <= Digits10>::type* = 0) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (f.exp),
Chris@101:       neg (f.neg),
Chris@101:       fpclass (static_cast<fpclass_type>(static_cast<int>(f.fpclass))),
Chris@16:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // TODO: this doesn't round!
Chris@16:       std::copy(f.data.begin(), f.data.begin() + prec_elem, data.begin());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template <class F>
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(const F val, typename enable_if<is_floating_point<F> >::type* = 0) :
Chris@16:       data(),
Chris@101:       exp (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:       neg (false),
Chris@101:       fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@101:       prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float(const double mantissa, const ExponentType exponent);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Specific special values.
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& nan()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       static const cpp_dec_float val(cpp_dec_float_NaN);
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& inf()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       static const cpp_dec_float val(cpp_dec_float_inf);
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    static const cpp_dec_float& (max)()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@101:       static cpp_dec_float val_max = std::string("1.0e" + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(cpp_dec_float_max_exp10)).c_str();
Chris@16:       return val_max;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    static const cpp_dec_float& (min)()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@101:       static cpp_dec_float val_min = std::string("1.0e" + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(cpp_dec_float_min_exp10)).c_str();
Chris@16:       return val_min;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& zero()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<unsigned long long>(0u));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& one()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<unsigned long long>(1u));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& two()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<unsigned long long>(2u));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& half()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(0.5L);
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& double_min()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<long double>((std::numeric_limits<double>::min)()));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& double_max()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<long double>((std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& long_double_min()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@101: #ifdef BOOST_MATH_NO_LONG_DOUBLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS
Chris@101:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<long double>((std::numeric_limits<double>::min)()));
Chris@101: #else
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val((std::numeric_limits<long double>::min)());
Chris@101: #endif
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& long_double_max()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@101: #ifdef BOOST_MATH_NO_LONG_DOUBLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS
Chris@101:       static cpp_dec_float val(static_cast<long double>((std::numeric_limits<double>::max)()));
Chris@101: #else
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val((std::numeric_limits<long double>::max)());
Chris@101: #endif
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& long_long_max()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val((std::numeric_limits<long long>::max)());
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& long_long_min()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val((std::numeric_limits<long long>::min)());
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& ulong_long_max()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:       static cpp_dec_float val((std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max)());
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static const cpp_dec_float& eps()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       init.do_nothing();
Chris@101:       static cpp_dec_float val(1.0, 1 - static_cast<int>(cpp_dec_float_digits10));
Chris@16:       return val;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Basic operations.
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(const cpp_dec_float& v) BOOST_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(std::declval<array_type&>() = std::declval<const array_type&>()))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       data = v.data;
Chris@16:       exp = v.exp;
Chris@16:       neg = v.neg;
Chris@16:       fpclass = v.fpclass;
Chris@16:       prec_elem = v.prec_elem;
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    template <unsigned D>
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(const cpp_dec_float<D>& f)
Chris@101:    {
Chris@16:       exp = f.exp;
Chris@16:       neg = f.neg;
Chris@16:       fpclass = static_cast<enum_fpclass_type>(static_cast<int>(f.fpclass));
Chris@16:       unsigned elems = (std::min)(f.prec_elem, cpp_dec_float_elem_number);
Chris@16:       std::copy(f.data.begin(), f.data.begin() + elems, data.begin());
Chris@16:       std::fill(data.begin() + elems, data.end(), 0);
Chris@16:       prec_elem = cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(long long v)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(v < 0)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          from_unsigned_long_long(-v);
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:          from_unsigned_long_long(v);
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(unsigned long long v)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       from_unsigned_long_long(v);
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(long double v);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator=(const char* v)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       rd_string(v);
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator+=(const cpp_dec_float& v);
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator-=(const cpp_dec_float& v);
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator*=(const cpp_dec_float& v);
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator/=(const cpp_dec_float& v);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& add_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t;
Chris@16:       t.from_unsigned_long_long(n);
Chris@16:       return *this += t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& sub_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t;
Chris@16:       t.from_unsigned_long_long(n);
Chris@16:       return *this -= t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float& mul_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n);
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float& div_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Elementary primitives.
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& calculate_inv ();
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& calculate_sqrt();
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    void negate()
Chris@101:    {
Chris@16:       if(!iszero())
Chris@16:          neg = !neg;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Comparison functions
Chris@101:    bool isnan    BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION() const { return (fpclass == cpp_dec_float_NaN); }
Chris@101:    bool isinf    BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION() const { return (fpclass == cpp_dec_float_inf); }
Chris@101:    bool isfinite BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION() const { return (fpclass == cpp_dec_float_finite); }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    bool iszero () const
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return ((fpclass == cpp_dec_float_finite) && (data[0u] == 0u));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    bool isone () const;
Chris@101:    bool isint () const;
Chris@101:    bool isneg () const { return neg; }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Operators pre-increment and pre-decrement
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator++()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this += one();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float& operator--()
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this -= one();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::string str(boost::intmax_t digits, std::ios_base::fmtflags f)const;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    int compare(const cpp_dec_float& v)const;
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    template <class V>
Chris@101:    int compare(const V& v)const
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> t;
Chris@16:       t = v;
Chris@16:       return compare(t);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    void swap(cpp_dec_float& v)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       data.swap(v.data);
Chris@16:       std::swap(exp, v.exp);
Chris@16:       std::swap(neg, v.neg);
Chris@16:       std::swap(fpclass, v.fpclass);
Chris@16:       std::swap(prec_elem, v.prec_elem);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    double extract_double() const;
Chris@101:    long double extract_long_double() const;
Chris@101:    signed long long extract_signed_long_long() const;
Chris@101:    unsigned long long extract_unsigned_long_long() const;
Chris@101:    void extract_parts(double& mantissa, ExponentType& exponent) const;
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float extract_integer_part() const;
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    void precision(const boost::int32_t prec_digits)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(prec_digits >= cpp_dec_float_total_digits10)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          prec_elem = cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@101:          const boost::int32_t elems = static_cast<boost::int32_t>( static_cast<boost::int32_t>( (prec_digits + (cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10 / 2)) / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)
Chris@101:             + static_cast<boost::int32_t>(((prec_digits % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) != 0) ? 1 : 0));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          prec_elem = (std::min)(cpp_dec_float_elem_number, (std::max)(elems, static_cast<boost::int32_t>(2)));
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    static cpp_dec_float pow2(long long i);
Chris@101:    ExponentType order()const
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const bool bo_order_is_zero = ((!(isfinite)()) || (data[0] == static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u)));
Chris@16:       //
Chris@16:       // Binary search to find the order of the leading term:
Chris@16:       //
Chris@16:       ExponentType prefix = 0;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(data[0] >= 100000UL)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if(data[0] >= 10000000UL)
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             if(data[0] >= 100000000UL)
Chris@16:             {
Chris@16:                if(data[0] >= 1000000000UL)
Chris@16:                   prefix = 9;
Chris@16:                else
Chris@16:                   prefix = 8;
Chris@16:             }
Chris@16:             else
Chris@16:                prefix = 7;
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          else
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             if(data[0] >= 1000000UL)
Chris@16:                prefix = 6;
Chris@16:             else
Chris@16:                prefix = 5;
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if(data[0] >= 1000UL)
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             if(data[0] >= 10000UL)
Chris@16:                prefix = 4;
Chris@16:             else
Chris@16:                prefix = 3;
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          else
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             if(data[0] >= 100)
Chris@16:                prefix = 2;
Chris@16:             else if(data[0] >= 10)
Chris@16:                prefix = 1;
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       return (bo_order_is_zero ? static_cast<ExponentType>(0) : static_cast<ExponentType>(exp + prefix));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template<class Archive>
Chris@16:    void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int /*version*/)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       for(unsigned i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
Chris@16:          ar & data[i];
Chris@16:       ar & exp;
Chris@16:       ar & neg;
Chris@16:       ar & fpclass;
Chris@16:       ar & prec_elem;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: private:
Chris@101:    static bool data_elem_is_non_zero_predicate(const boost::uint32_t& d) { return (d != static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u)); }
Chris@101:    static bool data_elem_is_non_nine_predicate(const boost::uint32_t& d) { return (d != static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float::cpp_dec_float_elem_mask - 1)); }
Chris@101:    static bool char_is_nonzero_predicate(const char& c) { return (c != static_cast<char>('0')); }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    void from_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long u);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    int cmp_data(const array_type& vd) const;
Chris@101: 
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    static boost::uint32_t mul_loop_uv(boost::uint32_t* const u, const boost::uint32_t* const v, const boost::int32_t p);
Chris@101:    static boost::uint32_t mul_loop_n (boost::uint32_t* const u, boost::uint32_t n, const boost::int32_t p);
Chris@101:    static boost::uint32_t div_loop_n (boost::uint32_t* const u, boost::uint32_t n, const boost::int32_t p);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    bool rd_string(const char* const s);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    template <unsigned D, class ET, class A>
Chris@16:    friend class cpp_dec_float;
Chris@16: };
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: typename cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::initializer cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::init;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_radix;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10_setting;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_lo;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10_limit_hi;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const ExponentType cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_max_exp;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const ExponentType cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_min_exp;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const ExponentType cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_max_exp10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const ExponentType cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_min_exp10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_elem_number_request;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_elem_mask;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::operator+=(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& v)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if((isnan)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((isinf)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if((v.isinf)() && (isneg() != v.isneg()))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = nan();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return operator=(v);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Get the offset for the add/sub operation.
Chris@16:    static const ExponentType max_delta_exp = static_cast<ExponentType>((cpp_dec_float_elem_number - 1) * cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const ExponentType ofs_exp = static_cast<ExponentType>(exp - v.exp);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if the operation is out of range, requiring special handling.
Chris@16:    if(v.iszero() || (ofs_exp > max_delta_exp))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Result is *this unchanged since v is negligible compared to *this.
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else if(ofs_exp < -max_delta_exp)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Result is *this = v since *this is negligible compared to v.
Chris@16:       return operator=(v);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Do the add/sub operation.
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    typename array_type::iterator p_u = data.begin();
Chris@101:    typename array_type::const_iterator p_v = v.data.begin();
Chris@101:    bool b_copy = false;
Chris@101:    const boost::int32_t ofs = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(ofs_exp) / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@101:    array_type n_data;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(neg == v.neg)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Add v to *this, where the data array of either *this or v
Chris@16:       // might have to be treated with a positive, negative or zero offset.
Chris@16:       // The result is stored in *this. The data are added one element
Chris@16:       // at a time, each element with carry.
Chris@16:       if(ofs >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          std::copy(v.data.begin(), v.data.end() - static_cast<size_t>(ofs), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(ofs));
Chris@16:          std::fill(n_data.begin(), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(ofs), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16:          p_v = n_data.begin();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          std::copy(data.begin(), data.end() - static_cast<size_t>(-ofs), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(-ofs));
Chris@16:          std::fill(n_data.begin(), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(-ofs), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16:          p_u = n_data.begin();
Chris@16:          b_copy = true;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Addition algorithm
Chris@16:       boost::uint32_t carry = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       for(boost::int32_t j = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)); j >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); j--)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          boost::uint32_t t = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(p_u[j] + p_v[j]) + carry);
Chris@101:          carry = t / static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@101:          p_u[j] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(t - static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(carry * static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask)));
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(b_copy)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          data = n_data;
Chris@101:          exp = v.exp;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // There needs to be a carry into the element -1 of the array data
Chris@16:       if(carry != static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          std::copy_backward(data.begin(), data.end() - static_cast<std::size_t>(1u), data.end());
Chris@16:          data[0] = carry;
Chris@16:          exp += static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Subtract v from *this, where the data array of either *this or v
Chris@16:       // might have to be treated with a positive, negative or zero offset.
Chris@16:       if((ofs > static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@101:          || ( (ofs == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:          && (cmp_data(v.data) > static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0)))
Chris@16:          )
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // In this case, |u| > |v| and ofs is positive.
Chris@16:          // Copy the data of v, shifted down to a lower value
Chris@16:          // into the data array m_n. Set the operand pointer p_v
Chris@16:          // to point to the copied, shifted data m_n.
Chris@16:          std::copy(v.data.begin(), v.data.end() - static_cast<size_t>(ofs), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(ofs));
Chris@16:          std::fill(n_data.begin(), n_data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(ofs), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16:          p_v = n_data.begin();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if(ofs != static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             // In this case, |u| < |v| and ofs is negative.
Chris@16:             // Shift the data of u down to a lower value.
Chris@16:             std::copy_backward(data.begin(), data.end() - static_cast<size_t>(-ofs), data.end());
Chris@16:             std::fill(data.begin(), data.begin() + static_cast<size_t>(-ofs), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          // Copy the data of v into the data array n_data.
Chris@16:          // Set the u-pointer p_u to point to m_n and the
Chris@16:          // operand pointer p_v to point to the shifted
Chris@16:          // data m_data.
Chris@16:          n_data = v.data;
Chris@101:          p_u = n_data.begin();
Chris@101:          p_v = data.begin();
Chris@16:          b_copy = true;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       boost::int32_t j;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Subtraction algorithm
Chris@16:       boost::int32_t borrow = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       for(j = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)); j >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); j--)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@101:          boost::int32_t t = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>( static_cast<boost::int32_t>(p_u[j])
Chris@16:             - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(p_v[j])) - borrow);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          // Underflow? Borrow?
Chris@16:          if(t < static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             // Yes, underflow and borrow
Chris@101:             t += static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@16:             borrow = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1);
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          else
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             borrow = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0);
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          p_u[j] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(t) % static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(b_copy)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          data = n_data;
Chris@101:          exp = v.exp;
Chris@101:          neg = v.neg;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Is it necessary to justify the data?
Chris@16:       const typename array_type::const_iterator first_nonzero_elem = std::find_if(data.begin(), data.end(), data_elem_is_non_zero_predicate);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(first_nonzero_elem != data.begin())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if(first_nonzero_elem == data.end())
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             // This result of the subtraction is exactly zero.
Chris@16:             // Reset the sign and the exponent.
Chris@16:             neg = false;
Chris@16:             exp = static_cast<ExponentType>(0);
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          else
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             // Justify the data
Chris@16:             const std::size_t sj = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance<typename array_type::const_iterator>(data.begin(), first_nonzero_elem));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:             std::copy(data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(sj), data.end(), data.begin());
Chris@16:             std::fill(data.end() - sj, data.end(), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:             exp -= static_cast<ExponentType>(sj * static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    // Handle underflow.
Chris@101:    if(iszero())
Chris@101:       return (*this = zero());
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    // Check for potential overflow.
Chris@101:    const bool b_result_might_overflow  = (exp >= static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_max_exp10));
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    // Handle overflow.
Chris@101:    if(b_result_might_overflow)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const bool b_result_is_neg = neg;
Chris@101:       neg = false;
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:       if(compare((cpp_dec_float::max)()) > 0)
Chris@101:         *this = inf();
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:       neg = b_result_is_neg;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::operator-=(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& v)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Use *this - v = -(-*this + v).
Chris@16:    negate();
Chris@16:    *this += v;
Chris@16:    negate();
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::operator*=(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& v)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Evaluate the sign of the result.
Chris@16:    const bool b_result_is_neg = (neg != v.neg);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Artificially set the sign of the result to be positive.
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle special cases like zero, inf and NaN.
Chris@101:    const bool b_u_is_inf  = (isinf)();
Chris@16:    const bool b_v_is_inf  = (v.isinf)();
Chris@101:    const bool b_u_is_zero = iszero();
Chris@16:    const bool b_v_is_zero = v.iszero();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(   ((isnan)() || (v.isnan)())
Chris@16:       || (b_u_is_inf && b_v_is_zero)
Chris@16:       || (b_v_is_inf && b_u_is_zero)
Chris@16:       )
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = nan();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(b_u_is_inf || b_v_is_inf)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:       if(b_result_is_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(b_u_is_zero || b_v_is_zero)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this = zero();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    // Check for potential overflow or underflow.
Chris@101:    const bool b_result_might_overflow  = ((exp + v.exp) >= static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_max_exp10));
Chris@101:    const bool b_result_might_underflow = ((exp + v.exp) <= static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_min_exp10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Set the exponent of the result.
Chris@16:    exp += v.exp;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const boost::int32_t prec_mul = (std::min)(prec_elem, v.prec_elem);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const boost::uint32_t carry = mul_loop_uv(data.data(), v.data.data(), prec_mul);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle a potential carry.
Chris@16:    if(carry != static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       exp += cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Shift the result of the multiplication one element to the right...
Chris@16:       std::copy_backward(data.begin(),
Chris@16:                          data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(prec_elem - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)),
Chris@16:                          data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(prec_elem));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // ... And insert the carry.
Chris@16:       data.front() = carry;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    // Handle overflow.
Chris@101:    if(b_result_might_overflow && (compare((cpp_dec_float::max)()) > 0))
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       *this = inf();
Chris@101:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    // Handle underflow.
Chris@101:    if(b_result_might_underflow && (compare((cpp_dec_float::min)()) < 0))
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       *this = zero();
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:       return *this;
Chris@101:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    // Set the sign of the result.
Chris@16:    neg = b_result_is_neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::operator/=(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& v)
Chris@16: {
Chris@101:    const bool u_and_v_are_finite_and_identical = ( (isfinite)()
Chris@16:       && (fpclass == v.fpclass)
Chris@101:       && (exp == v.exp)
Chris@16:       && (cmp_data(v.data) == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(u_and_v_are_finite_and_identical)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(neg != v.neg)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = one();
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:          *this = one();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(iszero())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          if((v.isnan)() || v.iszero())
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             return *this = v;
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:          return *this;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t(v);
Chris@16:       t.calculate_inv();
Chris@16:       return operator*=(t);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::mul_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Multiply *this with a constant unsigned long long.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Evaluate the sign of the result.
Chris@16:    const bool b_neg = neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Artificially set the sign of the result to be positive.
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle special cases like zero, inf and NaN.
Chris@101:    const bool b_u_is_inf = (isinf)();
Chris@16:    const bool b_n_is_zero = (n == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((isnan)() || (b_u_is_inf && b_n_is_zero))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return (*this = nan());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(b_u_is_inf)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:       if(b_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(iszero() || b_n_is_zero)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Multiplication by zero.
Chris@16:       return *this = zero();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(n >= static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       neg = b_neg;
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t;
Chris@16:       t = n;
Chris@16:       return operator*=(t);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(n == static_cast<unsigned long long>(1u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       neg = b_neg;
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Set up the multiplication loop.
Chris@16:    const boost::uint32_t nn = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(n);
Chris@16:    const boost::uint32_t carry = mul_loop_n(data.data(), nn, prec_elem);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle the carry and adjust the exponent.
Chris@16:    if(carry != static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       exp += static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Shift the result of the multiplication one element to the right.
Chris@16:       std::copy_backward(data.begin(),
Chris@16:          data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(prec_elem - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)),
Chris@16:          data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(prec_elem));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       data.front() = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(carry);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    // Check for potential overflow.
Chris@101:    const bool b_result_might_overflow = (exp >= cpp_dec_float_max_exp10);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    // Handle overflow.
Chris@101:    if(b_result_might_overflow && (compare((cpp_dec_float::max)()) > 0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Set the sign.
Chris@16:    neg = b_neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::div_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long n)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Divide *this by a constant unsigned long long.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Evaluate the sign of the result.
Chris@16:    const bool b_neg = neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Artificially set the sign of the result to be positive.
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle special cases like zero, inf and NaN.
Chris@16:    if((isnan)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((isinf)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:       if(b_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(n == static_cast<unsigned long long>(0u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Divide by 0.
Chris@16:       if(iszero())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = nan();
Chris@16:          return *this;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = inf();
Chris@16:          if(isneg())
Chris@16:             negate();
Chris@16:          return *this;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(n >= static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       neg = b_neg;
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t;
Chris@16:       t = n;
Chris@16:       return operator/=(t);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const boost::uint32_t nn = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(n);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(nn > static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(1u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Do the division loop.
Chris@16:       const boost::uint32_t prev = div_loop_n(data.data(), nn, prec_elem);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Determine if one leading zero is in the result data.
Chris@16:       if(data[0] == static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // Adjust the exponent
Chris@16:          exp -= static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          // Shift result of the division one element to the left.
Chris@16:          std::copy(data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(1u),
Chris@16:             data.begin() + static_cast<std::size_t>(prec_elem - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)),
Chris@16:             data.begin());
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          data[prec_elem - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(prev * static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask)) / nn);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    // Check for potential underflow.
Chris@101:    const bool b_result_might_underflow = (exp <= cpp_dec_float_min_exp10);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    // Handle underflow.
Chris@101:    if(b_result_might_underflow && (compare((cpp_dec_float::min)()) < 0))
Chris@101:       return (*this = zero());
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Set the sign of the result.
Chris@16:    neg = b_neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::calculate_inv()
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Compute the inverse of *this.
Chris@16:    const bool b_neg = neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle special cases like zero, inf and NaN.
Chris@16:    if(iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:       if(b_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((isnan)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((isinf)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this = zero();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(isone())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(b_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Save the original *this.
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> x(*this);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Generate the initial estimate using division.
Chris@16:    // Extract the mantissa and exponent for a "manual"
Chris@16:    // computation of the estimate.
Chris@16:    double dd;
Chris@101:    ExponentType ne;
Chris@16:    x.extract_parts(dd, ne);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Do the inverse estimate using double precision estimates of mantissa and exponent.
Chris@16:    operator=(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>(1.0 / dd, -ne));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Compute the inverse of *this. Quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson iteration
Chris@16:    // is used. During the iterative steps, the precision of the calculation is limited
Chris@16:    // to the minimum required in order to minimize the run-time.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t double_digits10_minus_a_few = std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 - 3;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t digits = double_digits10_minus_a_few; digits <= cpp_dec_float_total_digits10; digits *= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(2))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Adjust precision of the terms.
Chris@16:       precision(static_cast<boost::int32_t>((digits + 10) * static_cast<boost::int32_t>(2)));
Chris@16:       x.precision(static_cast<boost::int32_t>((digits + 10) * static_cast<boost::int32_t>(2)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Next iteration.
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t(*this);
Chris@16:       t *= x;
Chris@16:       t -= two();
Chris@16:       t.negate();
Chris@16:       *this *= t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    neg = b_neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    prec_elem = cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::calculate_sqrt()
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Compute the square root of *this.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(isneg() || (!(isfinite)()))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = nan();
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(iszero() || isone())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Save the original *this.
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> x(*this);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Generate the initial estimate using division.
Chris@16:    // Extract the mantissa and exponent for a "manual"
Chris@16:    // computation of the estimate.
Chris@16:    double dd;
Chris@101:    ExponentType ne;
Chris@16:    extract_parts(dd, ne);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Force the exponent to be an even multiple of two.
Chris@16:    if((ne % static_cast<ExponentType>(2)) != static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       ++ne;
Chris@16:       dd /= 10.0;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Setup the iteration.
Chris@16:    // Estimate the square root using simple manipulations.
Chris@16:    const double sqd = std::sqrt(dd);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    *this = cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>(sqd, static_cast<ExponentType>(ne / static_cast<ExponentType>(2)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Estimate 1.0 / (2.0 * x0) using simple manipulations.
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> vi(0.5 / sqd, static_cast<ExponentType>(-ne / static_cast<ExponentType>(2)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Compute the square root of x. Coupled Newton iteration
Chris@16:    // as described in "Pi Unleashed" is used. During the
Chris@16:    // iterative steps, the precision of the calculation is
Chris@16:    // limited to the minimum required in order to minimize
Chris@16:    // the run-time.
Chris@16:    //
Chris@16:    // Book references:
Chris@16:    // http://www.jjj.de/pibook/pibook.html
Chris@16:    // http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/3540665722/qid=1035535482/sr=8-7/ref=sr_8_7/104-3357872-6059916?v=glance&n=507846
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    static const boost::uint32_t double_digits10_minus_a_few = std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 - 3;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t digits = double_digits10_minus_a_few; digits <= cpp_dec_float_total_digits10; digits *= 2u)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Adjust precision of the terms.
Chris@16:       precision((digits + 10) * 2);
Chris@16:       vi.precision((digits + 10) * 2);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Next iteration of vi
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float t(*this);
Chris@16:       t *= vi;
Chris@16:       t.negate();
Chris@16:       t.mul_unsigned_long_long(2u);
Chris@16:       t += one();
Chris@16:       t *= vi;
Chris@16:       vi += t;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Next iteration of *this
Chris@16:       t = *this;
Chris@16:       t *= *this;
Chris@16:       t.negate();
Chris@16:       t += x;
Chris@16:       t *= vi;
Chris@16:       *this += t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    prec_elem = cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: int cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cmp_data(const array_type& vd) const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Compare the data of *this with those of v.
Chris@101:    // Return +1 for *this > v
Chris@101:    // 0 for *this = v
Chris@101:    // -1 for *this < v
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const std::pair<typename array_type::const_iterator, typename array_type::const_iterator> mismatch_pair = std::mismatch(data.begin(), data.end(), vd.begin());
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const bool is_equal = ((mismatch_pair.first == data.end()) && (mismatch_pair.second == vd.end()));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(is_equal)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return 0;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return ((*mismatch_pair.first > *mismatch_pair.second) ? 1 : -1);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: int cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::compare(const cpp_dec_float& v) const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Compare v with *this.
Chris@101:    // Return +1 for *this > v
Chris@101:    // 0 for *this = v
Chris@101:    // -1 for *this < v
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Handle all non-finite cases.
Chris@16:    if((!(isfinite)()) || (!(v.isfinite)()))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // NaN can never equal NaN. Return an implementation-dependent
Chris@16:       // signed result. Also note that comparison of NaN with NaN
Chris@16:       // using operators greater-than or less-than is undefined.
Chris@16:       if((isnan)() || (v.isnan)()) { return ((isnan)() ? 1 : -1); }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if((isinf)() && (v.isinf)())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // Both *this and v are infinite. They are equal if they have the same sign.
Chris@16:          // Otherwise, *this is less than v if and only if *this is negative.
Chris@16:          return ((neg == v.neg) ? 0 : (neg ? -1 : 1));
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if((isinf)())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // *this is infinite, but v is finite.
Chris@16:          // So negative infinite *this is less than any finite v.
Chris@16:          // Whereas positive infinite *this is greater than any finite v.
Chris@16:          return (isneg() ? -1 : 1);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // *this is finite, and v is infinite.
Chris@16:          // So any finite *this is greater than negative infinite v.
Chris@16:          // Whereas any finite *this is less than positive infinite v.
Chris@16:          return (v.neg ? 1 : -1);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // And now handle all *finite* cases.
Chris@16:    if(iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // The value of *this is zero and v is either zero or non-zero.
Chris@16:       return (v.iszero() ? 0
Chris@16:          : (v.neg ? 1 : -1));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else if(v.iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // The value of v is zero and *this is non-zero.
Chris@16:       return (neg ? -1 : 1);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Both *this and v are non-zero.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(neg != v.neg)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // The signs are different.
Chris@16:          return (neg ? -1 : 1);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else if(exp != v.exp)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // The signs are the same and the exponents are different.
Chris@16:          const int val_cexpression = ((exp < v.exp) ? 1 : -1);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          return (neg ? val_cexpression : -val_cexpression);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // The signs are the same and the exponents are the same.
Chris@16:          // Compare the data.
Chris@16:          const int val_cmp_data = cmp_data(v.data);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          return ((!neg) ? val_cmp_data : -val_cmp_data);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: bool cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::isone() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Check if the value of *this is identically 1 or very close to 1.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const bool not_negative_and_is_finite = ((!neg) && (isfinite)());
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(not_negative_and_is_finite)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if((data[0u] == static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(1u)) && (exp == static_cast<ExponentType>(0)))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          const typename array_type::const_iterator it_non_zero = std::find_if(data.begin(), data.end(), data_elem_is_non_zero_predicate);
Chris@16:          return (it_non_zero == data.end());
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else if((data[0u] == static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask - 1)) && (exp == static_cast<ExponentType>(-cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          const typename array_type::const_iterator it_non_nine = std::find_if(data.begin(), data.end(), data_elem_is_non_nine_predicate);
Chris@16:          return (it_non_nine == data.end());
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return false;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: bool cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::isint() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if(fpclass != cpp_dec_float_finite) { return false; }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(iszero()) { return true; }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(exp < static_cast<ExponentType>(0)) { return false; } // |*this| < 1.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const typename array_type::size_type offset_decimal_part = static_cast<typename array_type::size_type>(exp / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) + 1u;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(offset_decimal_part >= static_cast<typename array_type::size_type>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // The number is too large to resolve the integer part.
Chris@16:       // It considered to be a pure integer.
Chris@16:       return true;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    typename array_type::const_iterator it_non_zero = std::find_if(data.begin() + offset_decimal_part, data.end(), data_elem_is_non_zero_predicate);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return (it_non_zero == data.end());
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: void cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_parts(double& mantissa, ExponentType& exponent) const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Extract the approximate parts mantissa and base-10 exponent from the input cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> value x.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extracts the mantissa and exponent.
Chris@16:    exponent = exp;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    boost::uint32_t p10 = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(1u);
Chris@16:    boost::uint32_t test = data[0u];
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(;;)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       test /= static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(10u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       if(test == static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          break;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       p10 *= static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(10u);
Chris@16:       ++exponent;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Establish the upper bound of limbs for extracting the double.
Chris@101:    const int max_elem_in_double_count = static_cast<int>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10) / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)
Chris@16:                                          + (static_cast<int>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10) % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) != 0 ? 1 : 0)
Chris@16:                                          + 1;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // And make sure this upper bound stays within bounds of the elems.
Chris@16:    const std::size_t max_elem_extract_count = static_cast<std::size_t>((std::min)(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(max_elem_in_double_count), cpp_dec_float_elem_number));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extract into the mantissa the first limb, extracted as a double.
Chris@16:    mantissa = static_cast<double>(data[0]);
Chris@16:    double scale = 1.0;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extract the rest of the mantissa piecewise from the limbs.
Chris@16:    for(std::size_t i = 1u; i < max_elem_extract_count; i++)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:      scale /= static_cast<double>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@16:      mantissa += (static_cast<double>(data[i]) * scale);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    mantissa /= static_cast<double>(p10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(neg) { mantissa = -mantissa; }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: double cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_double() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Returns the double conversion of a cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check for non-normal cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>.
Chris@16:    if(!(isfinite)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if((isnan)())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@101:          return ((!neg) ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
Chris@16:             : -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> xx(*this);
Chris@16:    if(xx.isneg())
Chris@16:       xx.negate();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> is zero.
Chris@16:    if(iszero() || (xx.compare(double_min()) < 0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return 0.0;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> exceeds the maximum of double.
Chris@16:    if(xx.compare(double_max()) > 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       return ((!neg) ? std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()
Chris@16:          : -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::stringstream ss;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    ss << str(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + (2 + 1), std::ios_base::scientific);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    double d;
Chris@16:    ss >> d;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return d;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: long double cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_long_double() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Returns the long double conversion of a cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> is subnormal.
Chris@16:    if(!(isfinite)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if((isnan)())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          return std::numeric_limits<long double>::quiet_NaN();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@101:          return ((!neg) ? std::numeric_limits<long double>::infinity()
Chris@16:             : -std::numeric_limits<long double>::infinity());
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> xx(*this);
Chris@16:    if(xx.isneg())
Chris@16:       xx.negate();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> is zero.
Chris@16:    if(iszero() || (xx.compare(long_double_min()) < 0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return static_cast<long double>(0.0);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check if *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> exceeds the maximum of double.
Chris@16:    if(xx.compare(long_double_max()) > 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       return ((!neg) ? std::numeric_limits<long double>::infinity()
Chris@16:          : -std::numeric_limits<long double>::infinity());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::stringstream ss;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    ss << str(std::numeric_limits<long double>::digits10 + (2 + 1), std::ios_base::scientific);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    long double ld;
Chris@16:    ss >> ld;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return ld;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: signed long long cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_signed_long_long() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Extracts a signed long long from *this.
Chris@16:    // If (x > maximum of signed long long) or (x < minimum of signed long long),
Chris@16:    // then the maximum or minimum of signed long long is returned accordingly.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(exp < static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return static_cast<signed long long>(0);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const bool b_neg = isneg();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    unsigned long long val;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((!b_neg) && (compare(long_long_max()) > 0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return (std::numeric_limits<signed long long>::max)();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101:    else if(b_neg && (compare(long_long_min()) < 0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return (std::numeric_limits<signed long long>::min)();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Extract the data into an unsigned long long value.
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> xn(extract_integer_part());
Chris@16:       if(xn.isneg())
Chris@16:          xn.negate();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       val = static_cast<unsigned long long>(xn.data[0]);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       const boost::int32_t imax = (std::min)(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(xn.exp) / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10), static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       for(boost::int32_t i = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1); i <= imax; i++)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          val *= static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@16:          val += static_cast<unsigned long long>(xn.data[i]);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    if (!b_neg)
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       return static_cast<signed long long>(val);
Chris@101:    }
Chris@101:    else
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       // This strange expression avoids a hardware trap in the corner case
Chris@101:       // that val is the most negative value permitted in long long.
Chris@101:       // See https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/9740.
Chris@101:       //
Chris@101:       signed long long sval = static_cast<signed long long>(val - 1);
Chris@101:       sval = -sval;
Chris@101:       --sval;
Chris@101:       return sval;
Chris@101:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: unsigned long long cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_unsigned_long_long() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Extracts an unsigned long long from *this.
Chris@16:    // If x exceeds the maximum of unsigned long long,
Chris@16:    // then the maximum of unsigned long long is returned.
Chris@16:    // If x is negative, then the unsigned long long cast of
Chris@16:    // the signed long long extracted value is returned.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(isneg())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return static_cast<unsigned long long>(extract_signed_long_long());
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(exp < static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return static_cast<unsigned long long>(0u);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> xn(extract_integer_part());
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    unsigned long long val;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(xn.compare(ulong_long_max()) > 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return (std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max)();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Extract the data into an unsigned long long value.
Chris@16:       val = static_cast<unsigned long long>(xn.data[0]);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       const boost::int32_t imax = (std::min)(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(xn.exp) / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10), static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1)));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       for(boost::int32_t i = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1); i <= imax; i++)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          val *= static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@16:          val += static_cast<unsigned long long>(xn.data[i]);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return val;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::extract_integer_part() const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Compute the signed integer part of x.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(!(isfinite)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return *this;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(exp < static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // The absolute value of the number is smaller than 1.
Chris@16:       // Thus the integer part is zero.
Chris@16:       return zero();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Truncate the digits from the decimal part, including guard digits
Chris@16:    // that do not belong to the integer part.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Make a local copy.
Chris@16:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> x = *this;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Clear out the decimal portion
Chris@16:    const size_t first_clear = (static_cast<size_t>(x.exp) / static_cast<size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)) + 1u;
Chris@101:    const size_t last_clear = static_cast<size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(first_clear < last_clear)
Chris@16:       std::fill(x.data.begin() + first_clear, x.data.begin() + last_clear, static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return x;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: std::string cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::str(boost::intmax_t number_of_digits, std::ios_base::fmtflags f) const
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if((this->isinf)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(this->isneg())
Chris@16:          return "-inf";
Chris@16:       else if(f & std::ios_base::showpos)
Chris@16:          return "+inf";
Chris@101:       else
Chris@16:          return "inf";
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else if((this->isnan)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return "nan";
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::string str;
Chris@16:    boost::intmax_t org_digits(number_of_digits);
Chris@16:    ExponentType my_exp = order();
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(number_of_digits == 0)
Chris@16:       number_of_digits = cpp_dec_float_total_digits10;
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(f & std::ios_base::fixed)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       number_of_digits += my_exp + 1;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else if(f & std::ios_base::scientific)
Chris@16:       ++number_of_digits;
Chris@16:    // Determine the number of elements needed to provide the requested digits from cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>.
Chris@16:    const std::size_t number_of_elements = (std::min)(static_cast<std::size_t>((number_of_digits / static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)) + 2u),
Chris@16:       static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extract the remaining digits from cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> after the decimal point.
Chris@16:    str = boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(data[0]);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extract all of the digits from cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, beginning with the first data element.
Chris@16:    for(std::size_t i = static_cast<std::size_t>(1u); i < number_of_elements; i++)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       std::stringstream ss;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       ss << std::setw(static_cast<std::streamsize>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10))
Chris@16:          << std::setfill(static_cast<char>('0'))
Chris@16:          << data[i];
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       str += ss.str();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    bool have_leading_zeros = false;
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(number_of_digits == 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // We only get here if the output format is "fixed" and we just need to
Chris@16:       // round the first non-zero digit.
Chris@101:       number_of_digits -= my_exp + 1; // reset to original value
Chris@101:       str.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(0), std::string::size_type(number_of_digits), '0');
Chris@16:       have_leading_zeros = true;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(number_of_digits < 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       str = "0";
Chris@16:       if(isneg())
Chris@101:          str.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(0), 1, '-');
Chris@16:       boost::multiprecision::detail::format_float_string(str, 0, number_of_digits - my_exp - 1, f, this->iszero());
Chris@16:       return str;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Cut the output to the size of the precision.
Chris@16:       if(str.length() > static_cast<std::string::size_type>(number_of_digits))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // Get the digit after the last needed digit for rounding
Chris@16:          const boost::uint32_t round = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(str[static_cast<std::string::size_type>(number_of_digits)]) - static_cast<boost::uint32_t>('0'));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          bool need_round_up = round >= 5u;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          if(round == 5u)
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             const boost::uint32_t ix = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(str[static_cast<std::string::size_type>(number_of_digits - 1)]) - static_cast<boost::uint32_t>('0'));
Chris@16:             if((ix & 1u) == 0)
Chris@16:             {
Chris@16:                // We have an even digit followed by a 5, so we might not actually need to round up
Chris@16:                // if all the remaining digits are zero:
Chris@16:                if(str.find_first_not_of('0', static_cast<std::string::size_type>(number_of_digits + 1)) == std::string::npos)
Chris@16:                {
Chris@16:                   bool all_zeros = true;
Chris@16:                   // No none-zero trailing digits in the string, now check whatever parts we didn't convert to the string:
Chris@16:                   for(std::size_t i = number_of_elements; i < data.size(); i++)
Chris@16:                   {
Chris@16:                      if(data[i])
Chris@16:                      {
Chris@16:                         all_zeros = false;
Chris@16:                         break;
Chris@16:                      }
Chris@16:                   }
Chris@16:                   if(all_zeros)
Chris@101:                      need_round_up = false; // tie break - round to even.
Chris@16:                }
Chris@16:             }
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          // Truncate the string
Chris@16:          str.erase(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(number_of_digits));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          if(need_round_up)
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             std::size_t ix = static_cast<std::size_t>(str.length() - 1u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:             // Every trailing 9 must be rounded up
Chris@16:             while(ix && (static_cast<boost::int32_t>(str.at(ix)) - static_cast<boost::int32_t>('0') == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(9)))
Chris@16:             {
Chris@16:                str.at(ix) = static_cast<char>('0');
Chris@16:                --ix;
Chris@16:             }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:             if(!ix)
Chris@16:             {
Chris@16:                // There were nothing but trailing nines.
Chris@16:                if(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(str.at(ix)) - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0x30)) == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(9))
Chris@16:                {
Chris@16:                   // Increment up to the next order and adjust exponent.
Chris@16:                   str.at(ix) = static_cast<char>('1');
Chris@16:                   ++my_exp;
Chris@16:                }
Chris@16:                else
Chris@16:                {
Chris@16:                   // Round up this digit.
Chris@16:                   ++str.at(ix);
Chris@16:                }
Chris@16:             }
Chris@16:             else
Chris@16:             {
Chris@16:                // Round up the last digit.
Chris@16:                ++str[ix];
Chris@16:             }
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(have_leading_zeros)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // We need to take the zeros back out again, and correct the exponent
Chris@16:       // if we rounded up:
Chris@16:       if(str[std::string::size_type(number_of_digits - 1)] != '0')
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          ++my_exp;
Chris@16:          str.erase(0, std::string::size_type(number_of_digits - 1));
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:          str.erase(0, std::string::size_type(number_of_digits));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(isneg())
Chris@101:       str.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(0), 1, '-');
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    boost::multiprecision::detail::format_float_string(str, my_exp, org_digits, f, this->iszero());
Chris@16:    return str;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: bool cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::rd_string(const char* const s)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    try{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::string str(s);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // TBD: Using several regular expressions may significantly reduce
Chris@16:    // the code complexity (and perhaps the run-time) of rd_string().
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Get a possible exponent and remove it.
Chris@16:    exp = static_cast<ExponentType>(0);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::size_t pos;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    if( ((pos = str.find('e')) != std::string::npos)
Chris@16:       || ((pos = str.find('E')) != std::string::npos)
Chris@16:       )
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Remove the exponent part from the string.
Chris@16:       exp = boost::lexical_cast<ExponentType>(static_cast<const char*>(str.c_str() + (pos + 1u)));
Chris@16:       str = str.substr(static_cast<std::size_t>(0u), pos);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Get a possible +/- sign and remove it.
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(str.size())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(str[0] == '-')
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          neg = true;
Chris@16:          str.erase(0, 1);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else if(str[0] == '+')
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          str.erase(0, 1);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    //
Chris@16:    // Special cases for infinities and NaN's:
Chris@16:    //
Chris@16:    if((str == "inf") || (str == "INF") || (str == "infinity") || (str == "INFINITY"))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(neg)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = this->inf();
Chris@16:          this->negate();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:          *this = this->inf();
Chris@16:       return true;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    if((str.size() >= 3) && ((str.substr(0, 3) == "nan") || (str.substr(0, 3) == "NAN") || (str.substr(0, 3) == "NaN")))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *this = this->nan();
Chris@16:       return true;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Remove the leading zeros for all input types.
Chris@16:    const std::string::iterator fwd_it_leading_zero = std::find_if(str.begin(), str.end(), char_is_nonzero_predicate);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(fwd_it_leading_zero != str.begin())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(fwd_it_leading_zero == str.end())
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // The string contains nothing but leading zeros.
Chris@16:          // This string represents zero.
Chris@16:          operator=(zero());
Chris@16:          return true;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          str.erase(str.begin(), fwd_it_leading_zero);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Put the input string into the standard cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> input form
Chris@16:    // aaa.bbbbE+/-n, where aaa has 1...cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10, bbbb has an
Chris@16:    // even multiple of cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10 which are possibly zero padded
Chris@16:    // on the right-end, and n is a signed 64-bit integer which is an
Chris@16:    // even multiple of cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Find a possible decimal point.
Chris@16:    pos = str.find(static_cast<char>('.'));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(pos != std::string::npos)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Remove all trailing insignificant zeros.
Chris@16:       const std::string::const_reverse_iterator rit_non_zero = std::find_if(str.rbegin(), str.rend(), char_is_nonzero_predicate);
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:       if(rit_non_zero != static_cast<std::string::const_reverse_iterator>(str.rbegin()))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          const std::string::size_type ofs = str.length() - std::distance<std::string::const_reverse_iterator>(str.rbegin(), rit_non_zero);
Chris@16:          str.erase(str.begin() + ofs, str.end());
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Check if the input is identically zero.
Chris@16:       if(str == std::string("."))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          operator=(zero());
Chris@16:          return true;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       // Remove leading significant zeros just after the decimal point
Chris@16:       // and adjust the exponent accordingly.
Chris@16:       // Note that the while-loop operates only on strings of the form ".000abcd..."
Chris@16:       // and peels away the zeros just after the decimal point.
Chris@16:       if(str.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(0u)) == static_cast<char>('.'))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          const std::string::iterator it_non_zero = std::find_if(str.begin() + 1u, str.end(), char_is_nonzero_predicate);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          std::size_t delta_exp = static_cast<std::size_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          if(str.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(1u)) == static_cast<char>('0'))
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             delta_exp = std::distance<std::string::const_iterator>(str.begin() + 1u, it_non_zero);
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          // Bring one single digit into the mantissa and adjust the exponent accordingly.
Chris@16:          str.erase(str.begin(), it_non_zero);
Chris@101:          str.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(1u), ".");
Chris@16:          exp -= static_cast<ExponentType>(delta_exp + 1u);
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Input string has no decimal point: Append decimal point.
Chris@16:       str.append(".");
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Shift the decimal point such that the exponent is an even multiple of cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10.
Chris@101:    std::size_t n_shift = static_cast<std::size_t>(0u);
Chris@16:    const std::size_t n_exp_rem = static_cast<std::size_t>(exp % static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((exp % static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)) != static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       n_shift = ((exp < static_cast<ExponentType>(0))
Chris@16:          ? static_cast<std::size_t>(n_exp_rem + static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10))
Chris@16:          : static_cast<std::size_t>(n_exp_rem));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Make sure that there are enough digits for the decimal point shift.
Chris@16:    pos = str.find(static_cast<char>('.'));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::size_t pos_plus_one = static_cast<std::size_t>(pos + 1u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((str.length() - pos_plus_one) < n_shift)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const std::size_t sz = static_cast<std::size_t>(n_shift - (str.length() - pos_plus_one));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       str.append(std::string(sz, static_cast<char>('0')));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Do the decimal point shift.
Chris@16:    if(n_shift != static_cast<std::size_t>(0u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       str.insert(static_cast<std::string::size_type>(pos_plus_one + n_shift), ".");
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:       str.erase(pos, static_cast<std::string::size_type>(1u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       exp -= static_cast<ExponentType>(n_shift);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Cut the size of the mantissa to <= cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10.
Chris@101:    pos = str.find(static_cast<char>('.'));
Chris@16:    pos_plus_one = static_cast<std::size_t>(pos + 1u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(pos > static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       const boost::int32_t n_pos = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(pos);
Chris@16:       const boost::int32_t n_rem_is_zero = ((static_cast<boost::int32_t>(n_pos % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) == static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0)) ? static_cast<boost::int32_t>(1) : static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0));
Chris@101:       const boost::int32_t n = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(n_pos / cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) - n_rem_is_zero);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       str.insert(static_cast<std::size_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(n_pos - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(n * cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10))), ".");
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       str.erase(pos_plus_one, static_cast<std::size_t>(1u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       exp += static_cast<ExponentType>(static_cast<ExponentType>(n) * static_cast<ExponentType>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Pad the decimal part such that its value is an even
Chris@16:    // multiple of cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10.
Chris@101:    pos = str.find(static_cast<char>('.'));
Chris@16:    pos_plus_one = static_cast<std::size_t>(pos + 1u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const boost::int32_t n_dec = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(str.length() - 1u) - static_cast<boost::int32_t>(pos));
Chris@16:    const boost::int32_t n_rem = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(n_dec % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    boost::int32_t n_cnt = ((n_rem != static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@101:                              ? static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10 - n_rem)
Chris@101:                              : static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(n_cnt != static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       str.append(static_cast<std::size_t>(n_cnt), static_cast<char>('0'));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Truncate decimal part if it is too long.
Chris@16:    const std::size_t max_dec = static_cast<std::size_t>((cpp_dec_float_elem_number - 1) * cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(static_cast<std::size_t>(str.length() - pos) > max_dec)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       str = str.substr(static_cast<std::size_t>(0u),
Chris@16:          static_cast<std::size_t>(pos_plus_one + max_dec));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Now the input string has the standard cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> input form.
Chris@16:    // (See the comment above.)
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Set all the data elements to 0.
Chris@16:    std::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Extract the data.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // First get the digits to the left of the decimal point...
Chris@16:    data[0u] = boost::lexical_cast<boost::uint32_t>(str.substr(static_cast<std::size_t>(0u), pos));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // ...then get the remaining digits to the right of the decimal point.
Chris@16:    const std::string::size_type i_end = ((str.length() - pos_plus_one) / static_cast<std::string::size_type>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(std::string::size_type i = static_cast<std::string::size_type>(0u); i < i_end; i++)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       const std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin()
Chris@16:          + pos_plus_one
Chris@16:          + (i * static_cast<std::string::size_type>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       data[i + 1u] = boost::lexical_cast<boost::uint32_t>(std::string(it, it + static_cast<std::string::size_type>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Check for overflow...
Chris@16:    if(exp > cpp_dec_float_max_exp10)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const bool b_result_is_neg = neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:       *this = inf();
Chris@16:       if(b_result_is_neg)
Chris@16:          negate();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // ...and check for underflow.
Chris@16:    if(exp <= cpp_dec_float_min_exp10)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       if(exp == cpp_dec_float_min_exp10)
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          // Check for identity with the minimum value.
Chris@16:          cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> test = *this;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          test.exp = static_cast<ExponentType>(0);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:          if(test.isone())
Chris@16:          {
Chris@16:             *this = zero();
Chris@16:          }
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          *this = zero();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    catch(const bad_lexical_cast&)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Rethrow with better error message:
Chris@16:       std::string msg = "Unable to parse the string \"";
Chris@16:       msg += s;
Chris@16:       msg += "\" as a floating point value.";
Chris@16:       throw std::runtime_error(msg);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return true;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float(const double mantissa, const ExponentType exponent)
Chris@101:  : data (),
Chris@101:    exp  (static_cast<ExponentType>(0)),
Chris@101:    neg  (false),
Chris@101:    fpclass (cpp_dec_float_finite),
Chris@16:    prec_elem(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Create *this cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> from a given mantissa and exponent.
Chris@16:    // Note: This constructor does not maintain the full precision of double.
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const bool mantissa_is_iszero = (::fabs(mantissa) < ((std::numeric_limits<double>::min)() * (1.0 + std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon())));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(mantissa_is_iszero)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       std::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    const bool b_neg = (mantissa < 0.0);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    double d = ((!b_neg) ? mantissa : -mantissa);
Chris@101:    ExponentType e = exponent;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    while(d > 10.0) { d /= 10.0; ++e; }
Chris@101:    while(d < 1.0) { d *= 10.0; --e; }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    boost::int32_t shift = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(e % static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    while(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(shift-- % cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10) != static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       d *= 10.0;
Chris@16:       --e;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    exp = e;
Chris@16:    neg = b_neg;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t digit_ratio = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(static_cast<boost::int32_t>(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10) / static_cast<boost::int32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t digit_loops = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(digit_ratio + static_cast<boost::int32_t>(2));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t i = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); i < digit_loops; i++)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       boost::uint32_t n = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(d));
Chris@101:       data[i] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(n);
Chris@101:       d -= static_cast<double>(n);
Chris@101:       d *= static_cast<double>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::operator= (long double a)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Christopher Kormanyos's original code used a cast to long long here, but that fails
Chris@16:    // when long double has more digits than a long long.
Chris@16:    using std::frexp;
Chris@16:    using std::ldexp;
Chris@16:    using std::floor;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    if(a == 0)
Chris@16:       return *this = zero();
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:    if(a == 1)
Chris@16:       return *this = one();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((boost::math::isinf)(a))
Chris@16:       return *this = inf();
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if((boost::math::isnan)(a))
Chris@16:       return *this = nan();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    int e;
Chris@16:    long double f, term;
Chris@16:    *this = zero();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    f = frexp(a, &e);
Chris@101:    // See https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/10924 for an example of why this may go wrong:
Chris@101:    BOOST_ASSERT((boost::math::isfinite)(f));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    static const int shift = std::numeric_limits<int>::digits - 1;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    while(f)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // extract int sized bits from f:
Chris@16:       f = ldexp(f, shift);
Chris@101:       BOOST_ASSERT((boost::math::isfinite)(f));
Chris@16:       term = floor(f);
Chris@16:       e -= shift;
Chris@16:       *this *= pow2(shift);
Chris@16:       if(term > 0)
Chris@16:          add_unsigned_long_long(static_cast<unsigned>(term));
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:          sub_unsigned_long_long(static_cast<unsigned>(-term));
Chris@16:       f -= term;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    if(e != 0)
Chris@16:       *this *= pow2(e);
Chris@101: 
Chris@16:    return *this;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: void cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::from_unsigned_long_long(const unsigned long long u)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    std::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    exp = static_cast<ExponentType>(0);
Chris@16:    neg = false;
Chris@16:    fpclass = cpp_dec_float_finite;
Chris@16:    prec_elem = cpp_dec_float_elem_number;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::size_t i =static_cast<std::size_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    unsigned long long uu = u;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    boost::uint32_t temp[(std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits10 / static_cast<int>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10)) + 3] = { static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(0u) };
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    while(uu != static_cast<unsigned long long>(0u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       temp[i] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(uu % static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@16:       uu = static_cast<unsigned long long>(uu / static_cast<unsigned long long>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@16:       ++i;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(i > static_cast<std::size_t>(1u))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       exp += static_cast<ExponentType>((i - 1u) * static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_digits10));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    std::reverse(temp, temp + i);
Chris@16:    std::copy(temp, temp + (std::min)(i, static_cast<std::size_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_number)), data.begin());
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: boost::uint32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::mul_loop_uv(boost::uint32_t* const u, const boost::uint32_t* const v, const boost::int32_t p)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    //
Chris@101:    // There is a limit on how many limbs this algorithm can handle without dropping digits
Chris@101:    // due to overflow in the carry, it is:
Chris@16:    //
Chris@101:    // FLOOR( (2^64 - 1) / (10^8 * 10^8) ) == 1844
Chris@16:    //
Chris@16:    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(cpp_dec_float_elem_number < 1800, "Too many limbs in the data type for the multiplication algorithm - unsupported precision in cpp_dec_float.");
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    boost::uint64_t carry = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t j = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(p - 1u); j >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); j--)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:      boost::uint64_t sum = carry;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:      for(boost::int32_t i = j; i >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); i--)
Chris@16:      {
Chris@16:        sum += static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(u[j - i] * static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(v[i]));
Chris@16:      }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:      u[j] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(sum % static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@16:      carry = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(sum / static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(carry);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: boost::uint32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::mul_loop_n(boost::uint32_t* const u, boost::uint32_t n, const boost::int32_t p)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    boost::uint64_t carry = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    // Multiplication loop.
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t j = p - 1; j >= static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); j--)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const boost::uint64_t t = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(carry + static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(u[j] * static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(n)));
Chris@101:       carry = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(t / static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask));
Chris@101:       u[j] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(t - static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask) * static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(carry)));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(carry);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: boost::uint32_t cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::div_loop_n(boost::uint32_t* const u, boost::uint32_t n, const boost::int32_t p)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    boost::uint64_t prev = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(0u);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    for(boost::int32_t j = static_cast<boost::int32_t>(0); j < p; j++)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       const boost::uint64_t t = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(u[j] + static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(prev * static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(cpp_dec_float_elem_mask)));
Chris@101:       u[j] = static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(t / n);
Chris@101:       prev = static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(t - static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(n * static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(u[j])));
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    return static_cast<boost::uint32_t>(prev);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::pow2(const long long p)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Create a static const table of p^2 for -128 < p < +128.
Chris@16:    // Note: The size of this table must be odd-numbered and
Chris@16:    // symmetric about 0.
Chris@16:    init.do_nothing();
Chris@16:    static const boost::array<cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, 255u> p2_data =
Chris@16:    {{
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.877471754111437539843682686111228389093327783860437607543758531392086297273635864257812500000000000e-39"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.175494350822287507968736537222245677818665556772087521508751706278417259454727172851562500000000000e-38"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.350988701644575015937473074444491355637331113544175043017503412556834518909454345703125000000000000e-38"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.701977403289150031874946148888982711274662227088350086035006825113669037818908691406250000000000000e-38"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.403954806578300063749892297777965422549324454176700172070013650227338075637817382812500000000000000e-38"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.880790961315660012749978459555593084509864890835340034414002730045467615127563476562500000000000000e-37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.761581922631320025499956919111186169019729781670680068828005460090935230255126953125000000000000000e-37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.523163845262640050999913838222372338039459563341360137656010920181870460510253906250000000000000000e-37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.504632769052528010199982767644474467607891912668272027531202184036374092102050781250000000000000000e-36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.009265538105056020399965535288948935215783825336544055062404368072748184204101562500000000000000000e-36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.018531076210112040799931070577897870431567650673088110124808736145496368408203125000000000000000000e-36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.203706215242022408159986214115579574086313530134617622024961747229099273681640625000000000000000000e-35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.407412430484044816319972428231159148172627060269235244049923494458198547363281250000000000000000000e-35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.814824860968089632639944856462318296345254120538470488099846988916397094726562500000000000000000000e-35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.629649721936179265279889712924636592690508241076940976199693977832794189453125000000000000000000000e-35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.925929944387235853055977942584927318538101648215388195239938795566558837890625000000000000000000000e-34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.851859888774471706111955885169854637076203296430776390479877591133117675781250000000000000000000000e-34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.703719777548943412223911770339709274152406592861552780959755182266235351562500000000000000000000000e-34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.540743955509788682444782354067941854830481318572310556191951036453247070312500000000000000000000000e-33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.081487911019577364889564708135883709660962637144621112383902072906494140625000000000000000000000000e-33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.162975822039154729779129416271767419321925274289242224767804145812988281250000000000000000000000000e-33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.232595164407830945955825883254353483864385054857848444953560829162597656250000000000000000000000000e-32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.465190328815661891911651766508706967728770109715696889907121658325195312500000000000000000000000000e-32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.930380657631323783823303533017413935457540219431393779814243316650390625000000000000000000000000000e-32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.860761315262647567646607066034827870915080438862787559628486633300781250000000000000000000000000000e-32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.972152263052529513529321413206965574183016087772557511925697326660156250000000000000000000000000000e-31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.944304526105059027058642826413931148366032175545115023851394653320312500000000000000000000000000000e-31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.888609052210118054117285652827862296732064351090230047702789306640625000000000000000000000000000000e-31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.577721810442023610823457130565572459346412870218046009540557861328125000000000000000000000000000000e-30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.155443620884047221646914261131144918692825740436092019081115722656250000000000000000000000000000000e-30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.310887241768094443293828522262289837385651480872184038162231445312500000000000000000000000000000000e-30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.262177448353618888658765704452457967477130296174436807632446289062500000000000000000000000000000000e-29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.524354896707237777317531408904915934954260592348873615264892578125000000000000000000000000000000000e-29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.048709793414475554635062817809831869908521184697747230529785156250000000000000000000000000000000000e-29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.009741958682895110927012563561966373981704236939549446105957031250000000000000000000000000000000000e-28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.019483917365790221854025127123932747963408473879098892211914062500000000000000000000000000000000000e-28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.038967834731580443708050254247865495926816947758197784423828125000000000000000000000000000000000000e-28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.077935669463160887416100508495730991853633895516395568847656250000000000000000000000000000000000000e-28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.615587133892632177483220101699146198370726779103279113769531250000000000000000000000000000000000000e-27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.231174267785264354966440203398292396741453558206558227539062500000000000000000000000000000000000000e-27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.462348535570528709932880406796584793482907116413116455078125000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.292469707114105741986576081359316958696581423282623291015625000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.584939414228211483973152162718633917393162846565246582031250000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.169878828456422967946304325437267834786325693130493164062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.033975765691284593589260865087453566957265138626098632812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.067951531382569187178521730174907133914530277252197265625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.135903062765138374357043460349814267829060554504394531250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.271806125530276748714086920699628535658121109008789062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.654361225106055349742817384139925707131624221801757812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.308722450212110699485634768279851414263248443603515625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.617444900424221398971269536559702828526496887207031250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.323488980084844279794253907311940565705299377441406250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.646977960169688559588507814623881131410598754882812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.293955920339377119177015629247762262821197509765625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.058791184067875423835403125849552452564239501953125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.117582368135750847670806251699104905128479003906250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.235164736271501695341612503398209810256958007812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.470329472543003390683225006796419620513916015625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.694065894508600678136645001359283924102783203125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.388131789017201356273290002718567848205566406250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.776263578034402712546580005437135696411132812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.355252715606880542509316001087427139282226562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.710505431213761085018632002174854278564453125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.421010862427522170037264004349708557128906250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.084202172485504434007452800869941711425781250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.168404344971008868014905601739883422851562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.336808689942017736029811203479766845703125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.673617379884035472059622406959533691406250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.734723475976807094411924481391906738281250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-18"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.469446951953614188823848962783813476562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-18"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.938893903907228377647697925567626953125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-18"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.387778780781445675529539585113525390625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-17"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.775557561562891351059079170227050781250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-17"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.551115123125782702118158340454101562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-17"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.110223024625156540423631668090820312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-16"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.220446049250313080847263336181640625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-16"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.440892098500626161694526672363281250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-16"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.881784197001252323389053344726562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-16"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.776356839400250464677810668945312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-15"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.552713678800500929355621337890625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-15"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.105427357601001858711242675781250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-15"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.421085471520200371742248535156250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-14"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.842170943040400743484497070312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-14"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.684341886080801486968994140625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-14"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.136868377216160297393798828125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-13"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.273736754432320594787597656250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-13"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.547473508864641189575195312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-13"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.094947017729282379150390625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-13"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.818989403545856475830078125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-12"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.637978807091712951660156250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-12"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.275957614183425903320312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-12"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.455191522836685180664062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-11"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.910383045673370361328125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-11"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.820766091346740722656250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-11"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.164153218269348144531250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-10"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.328306436538696289062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-10"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.656612873077392578125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-10"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.313225746154785156250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-10"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.862645149230957031250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-9"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.725290298461914062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-9"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.450580596923828125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-9"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.490116119384765625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-8"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.980232238769531250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-8"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.960464477539062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-8"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.192092895507812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-7"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.384185791015625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-7"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.768371582031250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-7"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.536743164062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-7"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.907348632812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-6"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.814697265625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-6"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.629394531250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-6"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000015258789062500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000030517578125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000061035156250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000122070312500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000244140625000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000488281250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.000976562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.001953125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.003906250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.007812500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.01562500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.03125000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.06250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.125"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("0.5"),
Chris@16:        one(),
Chris@16:        two(),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(4)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(8)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(16)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(32)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(64)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(128)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(256)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(512)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(1024)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(2048)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(4096)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(8192)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(16384)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(32768)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(65536)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(131072)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(262144)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<unsigned long long>(524288)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 20u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 21u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 22u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 23u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 24u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 25u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 26u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 27u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 28u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 29u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 30u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uL << 31u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 32u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 33u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 34u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 35u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 36u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 37u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 38u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 39u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 40u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 41u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 42u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 43u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 44u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 45u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 46u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 47u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 48u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 49u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 50u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 51u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 52u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 53u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 54u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 55u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 56u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 57u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 58u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 59u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 60u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 61u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 62u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float(static_cast<boost::uint64_t>(1uLL << 63u)),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.844674407370955161600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.689348814741910323200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.378697629483820646400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e19"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.475739525896764129280000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.951479051793528258560000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.902958103587056517120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e20"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.180591620717411303424000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.361183241434822606848000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.722366482869645213696000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.444732965739290427392000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e21"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.888946593147858085478400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.777893186295716170956800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.555786372591432341913600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e22"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.511157274518286468382720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.022314549036572936765440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.044629098073145873530880000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e23"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.208925819614629174706176000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.417851639229258349412352000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.835703278458516698824704000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.671406556917033397649408000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e24"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.934281311383406679529881600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.868562622766813359059763200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.737125245533626718119526400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e25"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.547425049106725343623905280000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.094850098213450687247810560000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.189700196426901374495621120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e26"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.237940039285380274899124224000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.475880078570760549798248448000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.951760157141521099596496896000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("9.903520314283042199192993792000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e27"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.980704062856608439838598758400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.961408125713216879677197516800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("7.922816251426433759354395033600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e28"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.584563250285286751870879006720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.169126500570573503741758013440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.338253001141147007483516026880000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e29"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.267650600228229401496703205376000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.535301200456458802993406410752000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.070602400912917605986812821504000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e30"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.014120480182583521197362564300800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.028240960365167042394725128601600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.056481920730334084789450257203200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.112963841460668169578900514406400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e31"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.622592768292133633915780102881280000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.245185536584267267831560205762560000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.490371073168534535663120411525120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e32"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.298074214633706907132624082305024000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.596148429267413814265248164610048000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.192296858534827628530496329220096000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e33"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.038459371706965525706099265844019200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.076918743413931051412198531688038400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.153837486827862102824397063376076800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.307674973655724205648794126752153600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e34"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.661534994731144841129758825350430720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("3.323069989462289682259517650700861440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("6.646139978924579364519035301401722880000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e35"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.329227995784915872903807060280344576000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.658455991569831745807614120560689152000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("5.316911983139663491615228241121378304000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e36"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.063382396627932698323045648224275660800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("2.126764793255865396646091296448551321600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("4.253529586511730793292182592897102643200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("8.507059173023461586584365185794205286400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e37"),
Chris@16:        cpp_dec_float("1.701411834604692317316873037158841057280000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e38")
Chris@16:    }};
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((p > static_cast<long long>(-128)) && (p < static_cast<long long>(+128)))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       return p2_data[static_cast<std::size_t>(p + ((p2_data.size() - 1u) / 2u))];
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // Compute and return 2^p.
Chris@16:       if(p < static_cast<long long>(0))
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          return pow2(static_cast<long long>(-p)).calculate_inv();
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:       else
Chris@16:       {
Chris@16:          cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> t;
Chris@16:          default_ops::detail::pow_imp(t, two(), p, mpl::true_());
Chris@16:          return t;
Chris@16:       }
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_add(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result += o;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_subtract(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result -= o;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_multiply(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result *= o;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_divide(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result /= o;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_add(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const unsigned long long& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result.add_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_subtract(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const unsigned long long& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result.sub_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_multiply(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const unsigned long long& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result.mul_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_divide(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const unsigned long long& o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result.div_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_add(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, long long o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if(o < 0)
Chris@101:       result.sub_unsigned_long_long(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(o));
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:       result.add_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_subtract(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, long long o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if(o < 0)
Chris@101:       result.add_unsigned_long_long(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(o));
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:       result.sub_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_multiply(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, long long o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if(o < 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       result.mul_unsigned_long_long(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(o));
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:       result.mul_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_divide(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, long long o)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if(o < 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@101:       result.div_unsigned_long_long(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(o));
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:       result.div_unsigned_long_long(o);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_convert_to(unsigned long long* result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    *result = val.extract_unsigned_long_long();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_convert_to(long long* result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    *result = val.extract_signed_long_long();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: inline void eval_convert_to(long double* result, cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    *result = val.extract_long_double();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: // Non member function support:
Chris@16: //
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline int eval_fpclassify(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    if((x.isinf)())
Chris@16:       return FP_INFINITE;
Chris@16:    if((x.isnan)())
Chris@16:       return FP_NAN;
Chris@16:    if(x.iszero())
Chris@16:       return FP_ZERO;
Chris@16:    return FP_NORMAL;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_abs(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@16:    if(x.isneg())
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_fabs(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@16:    if(x.isneg())
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_sqrt(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@16:    result.calculate_sqrt();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_floor(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@101:    if(!(x.isfinite)() || x.isint())
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(x.isneg())
Chris@16:       result -= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::one();
Chris@16:    result = result.extract_integer_part();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline void eval_ceil(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@101:    if(!(x.isfinite)() || x.isint())
Chris@101:    {
Chris@101:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(!x.isneg())
Chris@16:       result += cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::one();
Chris@16:    result = result.extract_integer_part();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: inline void eval_trunc(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x)
Chris@16: {
Chris@101:    if(!(x.isfinite)())
Chris@101:    {
Chris@16:       result = boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("boost::multiprecision::trunc<%1%>(%1%)", 0, number<cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> >(x), number<cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> >(x), boost::math::policies::policy<>()).backend();
Chris@16:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else if(x.isint())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       result = x;
Chris@16:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    result = x.extract_integer_part();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@101: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline ExponentType eval_ilogb(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@101: {
Chris@101:    // Set result, to the exponent of val:
Chris@101:    return val.order();
Chris@101: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, class ArgType>
Chris@101: inline void eval_scalbn(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val, ArgType e_)
Chris@101: {
Chris@101:    using default_ops::eval_multiply;
Chris@101:    const ExponentType e = e_;
Chris@101:    cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> t(1.0, e);
Chris@101:    eval_multiply(result, val, t);
Chris@101: }
Chris@101: 
Chris@101: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, class ArgType>
Chris@101: inline void eval_ldexp(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x, ArgType e)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    const long long the_exp = static_cast<long long>(e);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if((the_exp > (std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::max)()) || (the_exp < (std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::min)()))
Chris@16:       BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error(std::string("Exponent value is out of range.")));
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@16: 
Chris@101:    if ((the_exp > static_cast<long long>(-std::numeric_limits<long long>::digits)) && (the_exp < static_cast<long long>(0)))
Chris@16:       result.div_unsigned_long_long(1ULL << static_cast<long long>(-the_exp));
Chris@16:    else if((the_exp < static_cast<long long>( std::numeric_limits<long long>::digits)) && (the_exp > static_cast<long long>(0)))
Chris@16:       result.mul_unsigned_long_long(1ULL << the_exp);
Chris@16:    else if(the_exp != static_cast<long long>(0))
Chris@16:       result *= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::pow2(e);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: inline void eval_frexp(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x, ExponentType* e)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    result = x;
Chris@16:    if(result.isneg())
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(result.iszero())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       *e = 0;
Chris@16:       return;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    ExponentType t = result.order();
Chris@16:    BOOST_MP_USING_ABS
Chris@16:    if(abs(t) < ((std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::max)() / 1000))
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       t *= 1000;
Chris@16:       t /= 301;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    else
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       t /= 301;
Chris@16:       t *= 1000;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    result *= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::pow2(-t);
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    if(result.iszero() || (result.isinf)() || (result.isnan)())
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // pow2 overflowed, slip the calculation up:
Chris@16:       result = x;
Chris@16:       if(result.isneg())
Chris@16:          result.negate();
Chris@16:       t /= 2;
Chris@16:       result *= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::pow2(-t);
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    BOOST_MP_USING_ABS
Chris@16:    if(abs(result.order()) > 5)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       // If our first estimate doesn't get close enough then try recursion until we do:
Chris@16:       ExponentType e2;
Chris@16:       cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator> r2;
Chris@16:       eval_frexp(r2, result, &e2);
Chris@16:       // overflow protection:
Chris@16:       if((t > 0) && (e2 > 0) && (t > (std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::max)() - e2))
Chris@16:          BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Exponent is too large to be represented as a power of 2."));
Chris@16:       if((t < 0) && (e2 < 0) && (t < (std::numeric_limits<ExponentType>::min)() - e2))
Chris@16:          BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Exponent is too large to be represented as a power of 2."));
Chris@16:       t += e2;
Chris@16:       result = r2;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    while(result.compare(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::one()) >= 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       result /= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::two();
Chris@16:       ++t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    while(result.compare(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::half()) < 0)
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:       result *= cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::two();
Chris@16:       --t;
Chris@16:    }
Chris@16:    *e = t;
Chris@16:    if(x.isneg())
Chris@16:       result.negate();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@16: inline typename disable_if<is_same<ExponentType, int> >::type eval_frexp(cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& result, const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& x, int* e)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    ExponentType t;
Chris@16:    eval_frexp(result, x, &t);
Chris@16:    if((t > (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) || (t < (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)()))
Chris@16:       BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Exponent is outside the range of an int"));
Chris@16:    *e = static_cast<int>(t);
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline bool eval_is_zero(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    return val.iszero();
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator>
Chris@101: inline int eval_get_sign(const cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>& val)
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    return val.iszero() ? 0 : val.isneg() ? -1 : 1;
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: } // namespace backends
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: using boost::multiprecision::backends::cpp_dec_float;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: typedef number<cpp_dec_float<50> > cpp_dec_float_50;
Chris@16: typedef number<cpp_dec_float<100> > cpp_dec_float_100;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #ifdef BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace detail{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template<unsigned D1, class E1, class A1, unsigned D2, class E2, class A2>
Chris@16: struct is_explicitly_convertible<cpp_dec_float<D1, E1, A1>, cpp_dec_float<D2, E2, A2> > : public mpl::true_ {};
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #endif
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: }}
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace std
Chris@16: {
Chris@101:    template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16:    class numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >
Chris@16:    {
Chris@16:    public:
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_specialized = true;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_signed = true;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_integer = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_exact = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_bounded = true;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_modulo = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_iec559 = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR int digits = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR int digits10 = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR int max_digits10 = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_total_digits10;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR ExponentType min_exponent = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_min_exp; // Type differs from int.
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR ExponentType min_exponent10 = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_min_exp10; // Type differs from int.
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR ExponentType max_exponent = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_max_exp; // Type differs from int.
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR ExponentType max_exponent10 = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_max_exp10; // Type differs from int.
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR int radix = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_radix;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::float_round_style round_style = std::round_indeterminate;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool has_infinity = true;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool has_quiet_NaN = true;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool has_signaling_NaN = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::float_denorm_style has_denorm = std::denorm_absent;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool has_denorm_loss = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool traps = false;
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool tinyness_before = false;
Chris@101: 
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> (min) () { return (boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::min)(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> (max) () { return (boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::max)(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> lowest () { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::zero(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> epsilon () { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::eps(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> round_error () { return 0.5L; }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> infinity () { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::inf(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> quiet_NaN () { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::nan(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> signaling_NaN() { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::zero(); }
Chris@101:       BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> denorm_min () { return boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::zero(); }
Chris@16:    };
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::digits10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_digits10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_signed;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_integer;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_exact;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST int numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::radix;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST ExponentType numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST ExponentType numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::min_exponent10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST ExponentType numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST ExponentType numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::max_exponent10;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_infinity;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_quiet_NaN;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_signaling_NaN;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST float_denorm_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::has_denorm_loss;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_iec559;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_bounded;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::is_modulo;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::traps;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST bool numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::tinyness_before;
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST float_round_style numeric_limits<boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates> >::round_style;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #endif
Chris@16: }
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace boost{ namespace math{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: namespace policies{
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: template <unsigned Digits10, class ExponentType, class Allocator, class Policy, boost::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
Chris@16: struct precision< boost::multiprecision::number<boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>, ExpressionTemplates>, Policy>
Chris@16: {
Chris@16:    // Define a local copy of cpp_dec_float_digits10 because it might differ
Chris@16:    // from the template parameter Digits10 for small or large digit counts.
Chris@16:    static const boost::int32_t cpp_dec_float_digits10 = boost::multiprecision::cpp_dec_float<Digits10, ExponentType, Allocator>::cpp_dec_float_digits10;
Chris@16: 
Chris@16:    typedef typename Policy::precision_type precision_type;
Chris@16:    typedef digits2<((cpp_dec_float_digits10 + 1LL) * 1000LL) / 301LL> digits_2;
Chris@16:    typedef typename mpl::if_c<
Chris@101:       ((digits_2::value <= precision_type::value)
Chris@16:       || (Policy::precision_type::value <= 0)),
Chris@16:       // Default case, full precision for RealType:
Chris@16:       digits_2,
Chris@101:       // User customized precision:
Chris@16:       precision_type
Chris@16:    >::type type;
Chris@16: };
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: } // namespace policies
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: }} // namespaces boost::math
Chris@16: 
Chris@16: #endif