diff DEPENDENCIES/generic/include/boost/spirit/home/classic/utility/rule_parser.hpp @ 16:2665513ce2d3

Add boost headers
author Chris Cannam
date Tue, 05 Aug 2014 11:11:38 +0100
parents
children c530137014c0
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--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/DEPENDENCIES/generic/include/boost/spirit/home/classic/utility/rule_parser.hpp	Tue Aug 05 11:11:38 2014 +0100
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+/*==============================================================================
+    Copyright (c) 2006 Tobias Schwinger
+    http://spirit.sourceforge.net/
+
+  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+==============================================================================*/
+// The comment below contains a unnamed 'namespace {', which is flagged by the
+// Boost inspect tool as a violation of common C++ programming rules. Since it's
+// in a comment, well, we switch it off :-P
+// boostinspect:nounnamed
+
+//
+// About:
+// =====
+//
+// Using a typeof operator or Boost.Typeof to automatically set the type of
+// variables (as done in the Spirit example demonstrating typeof) is by far not
+// all we can do to tighten up our grammars as there are some significant 
+// drawbacks of this approach:
+// - the types complexity scales with the complexity of the grammar (sooner or
+//   later hitting the limits of the compiler),
+// - recursive grammars are not possible, and
+// - all parser objects are embedded by value.
+//
+// The Spirit documentation therefore recommends creating custom parser classes
+// (derived from the a sub_grammar template):
+//
+//   http://www.boost.org/libs/spirit/doc/techniques.html#no_rules
+//   http://www.boost.org/libs/spirit/doc/techniques.html#typeof
+//
+// In practice manually applying this technique leads to rather lengthy code and
+// overthis requires the user to have a solid understanding of Spirit details.
+//
+// Here is a generalized, macro-based approach to easily create typeof-based 
+// grammars that can be recursive and arbitrarily complex.
+//
+//
+// Quick manual:
+// ============
+// 
+// 1. Setup
+// 
+// Before the rule parser macro (the protagonist of the facility) can be used 
+// the the user must define the macro BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE (note the double
+// underscore characeter) and setup a registration group for Boost.Typeof.
+// 
+// Examples:
+// 
+//   // should come after regular #includeS
+//   #include BOOST_TYPEOF_INCREMENT_REGISTRATION_GROUP()
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//   #define BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE (2,(my_project, my_module))
+//   //                             | |     +- outer     +- inner
+//   //                  ! space ! -+ |         namespace    namespace
+//   //                               |
+//   //                               +--- number of nested namespaces
+// 
+//   namespace my_project { namespace my_module {
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//  ---
+// 
+//   // should come after regular #includeS
+//   #include BOOST_TYPEOF_INCREMENT_REGISTRATION_GROUP()
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//   #define BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE (2,(my_project, (anonymous) ))
+// 
+//   namespace my_project { namespace {
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//  ---
+// 
+//   // should come after regular #includeS
+//   #include BOOST_TYPEOF_INCREMENT_REGISTRATION_GROUP()
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//   
+//   #define BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE -
+//   // we're working at root namespace
+// 
+// 
+// Why do I have to do this?
+// 
+//   Boost.Typeof needs to assign a unique ID for each registration. This ID is
+//   created composed of the line number and the registration group. The 
+//   facility performs Typeof registration and thus requires the source file to
+//   have its own registration group. Further Boost.Typeof requires registration
+//   to happen at root namespace so we have to close and reopen the namespace
+//   we're in.
+//
+// 
+// 2. The rule parser macro
+// 
+// A simple rule parser definition looks like that:
+// 
+//   // we're at namespace scope here
+// 
+//   // Skip parser for C/C++ comments and whitespace
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(skipper, 
+//     -,-,-, 
+// 
+//     +(   confix_p("//",*anychar_p,eol_p) 
+//        | confix_p("/*",*anychar_p,"*/")
+//        | space_p 
+//     )
+//   )
+// 
+// Now we can use 'skipper' in other Spirit expressions.
+// 
+// The code above creates a parser (template) class 'skpper_t' and (in this 
+// case, because there are no parameters) a static const instance 'skipper' of 
+// that class. The class is automatically registered with Boost.Typeof. The type
+// name our parser is skipper_t here.
+// 
+// 
+// 2.1. Parametrized rule parsers
+// 
+// Rule parser definitions can have parameters.
+// 
+// Parameters are passed to the BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER macro as its second
+// argument (just pass '-' if there are no parameters) with the following 
+// format:
+// 
+//   (N,( param1,param2, / ... / paramN ))
+//    +-- number of parameters
+// 
+// Example of a whole rule parser:
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(new_name,
+//     (1,( symbol_table )),-,-,
+// 
+//     lexeme_d[ (alpha_p >> *alnum_p)[ symbol_table.add ] ]
+//   )
+// 
+// The expression 'new_name(my_symbols)' parses a string literal and adds it to
+// the symbol table 'my_symbols'.
+// 
+// The rule parser macro creates a function template as called 'new_name' that
+// takes one parameter of deduced reference type and returns a specialization of
+// 'new_name_t' in this case.
+// 
+// Since parsers that require to be fast and lightweight often also require to 
+// be reentrant, it's quite common to pass in some semantic controller (the 
+// symbol table in the example above).
+// However, parameters are templated so they can be anything (including parsers 
+// of course) so refactoring tasks can be abstracted with rule parsers as well.
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(enumeration_parser,
+//     (2,( element_parser, delimiter_parser )),-,-,
+// 
+//     element_parser >> *(delimiter_parser >> element_parser)
+//   ) 
+// 
+// The expression 'enumeration_parser(int_p[ some_action ], ',')' creates a 
+// parser for a comma-separated list of integers.
+// 
+// 
+// 2.2. Rule parsrs and semantic actions
+// 
+// While semantic actions can be globally attached to a rule parser or passed
+// to a parametrized rule parser as (part of) an argument, even more control is 
+// possible by using action placeholders. E.g:
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_ACTION_PLACEHOLDER(int_action)
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(int_list,
+//     -,(1,( int_action )),-,
+// 
+//     int_p[ int_action ] >> *(',' >> int_p[ int_action ])
+//   )
+// 
+// The expression 'int_list[ my_action ]' parses a comma separated list of 
+// integers and calls 'my_action' for every integer parsed therein.
+// 
+// Of course multiple actions can be attached to one placeholder as usual (in 
+// this case 'int_list[ my_action1 ][ my_action2 ] would call two actions).
+// 
+// Further there can be multiple action placeholders for a single rule parser:
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_ACTION_PLACEHOLDER(feed_int)
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_ACTION_PLACEHOLDER(next_int)
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(int_list,
+//     -,(2,( feed_int, next_int )),-,
+// 
+//     int_p[ feed_int ] >> *(',' >> int_p[ next_int ][ feed_int ])
+//   )
+// 
+// The expression 'int_list[ (feed_int = my_action1), (next_int = my_action2) ]'
+// creates a parser for a comma separated list of integers with the actions 
+// attached appropriately.
+// 
+//   int_list[ feed_int = my_action1,my_action2, next_int = my_action3 ]
+// 
+// works too (in this case the action placeholder 'feed_int' has two actions 
+// attached to it).
+// 
+// You can both override and append actions associated with an action 
+// placeholder:
+// 
+//   var = int_list[ feed_int = my_action1, next_int = my_action2 ]
+// 
+//   // [...]
+// 
+//   ... var[ feed_int = another_action ] 
+//   // 'another_action' overrides the actions previously attached to 'feed_int'
+// 
+//   ... var[ next_int += another_action ]
+//   // 'another_action' is appended to the list of actions attached to 
+//   // 'next_int'
+// 
+// Action placeholders are not entirely for free -- they add to the size and the
+// initialization time of the rule parser. However, the impact on an already 
+// initialized rule parser instance should be quite small.
+// 
+// 
+// 2.3. Member variables
+// 
+// You can add member variables to the rule parser class using the third 
+// parameter of the rule parser macro:
+// 
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER( calc,
+//     -,
+//     -,
+//     (3,( ((subrule<0>),expression,()),
+//          ((subrule<1>),term,()),
+//          ((subrule<2>),factor,() )) ),
+// 
+//     // [...]
+// 
+// adds three subrules to the rule parser.
+// Each parameter must have the following type to allow commas to be handled
+// safely from within the preprocessing code:
+// 
+//   ((type)),name,(constructor argument(s)))
+// 
+//
+// 2.4. The opaque rule parser
+//
+// Rule parsers usually are templates. Building large grammars pushes the 
+// compiler really hard (and eventually to its limits) because of the 
+// metafunction complexity involved.
+// If a rule parser without parameters and action placeholders is defined, a 
+// non-template class is created. Non-templated rule parsers can also be created
+// explicitly by using BOOST_SPIRIT_OPAQUE_RULE_PARSER. 
+// Opaque rule parsers can have parameters and member variables (note: no action
+// placeholders are possible). The parameters of an opaque rule parsers are 
+// strictly typed, e.g:
+//
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_OPAQUE_RULE_PARSER(new_identifier,
+//     (1,( ((my_symbol_table_t &),symbol_table) ))
+//     ,-,
+//     (alpha_p >> *alnum_p) [ symbol_table.add ]
+//   ) 
+//
+// Note it's also possible to have opaque rule parsers accept parameters of 
+// non-const reference types which is not possible with regular rule parsers.
+//
+//
+// 3. Utilities for by-reference embedding
+// 
+// When using parsers mutiple times or recursively it can be helpful to embed 
+// them by-reference into the final parser expression.
+// For this purpose the library provides a wrapper template 'parser_reference'.
+// There is also a function template to create a wrapped parser which can deduce
+// the parser's type from its argument.
+//
+// --- --- - - --- - - --- - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+#if !defined(BOOST_SPIRIT_UTILITY_RULE_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED)
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_UTILITY_RULE_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+//==============================================================================
+// Dependencies
+//==============================================================================
+#   include <boost/config.hpp>
+#   include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+#   include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
+#   include <boost/typeof/typeof.hpp>
+#   include <boost/spirit/home/classic/namespace.hpp>
+#   include <boost/spirit/home/classic/core/parser.hpp>
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/seq/seq.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/seq/for_each_i.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/tuple/eat.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/tuple/to_seq.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/array/size.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/control/if.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/control/iif.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/control/expr_iif.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/logical/or.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/logical/nor.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/logical/not.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/logical/compl.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/inc.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/dec.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/add.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/detail/is_unary.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/detail/is_binary.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/repeat.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_shifted_params.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_trailing_params.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/punctuation/comma.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/punctuation/comma_if.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/empty.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/identity.hpp>
+#   include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/intercept.hpp>
+//==============================================================================
+// Interface
+//==============================================================================
+// Creates a rule parser. Use at namespace scope.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RULE_PARSER(name,params,actions,members,rule)          \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_I(name,params,actions,members,rule)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Creates a non-templated rule parser. Use at namespace scope.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_OPAQUE_RULE_PARSER(name,params,members,rule)           \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_I(name,params,members,rule)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Defines an action placeholder. Use at namespace scope.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_ACTION_PLACEHOLDER(name)                               \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_IMPL(name,::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Utilities to embed parsers by reference.
+namespace boost
+{
+  namespace spirit
+  {
+    BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+    template<class P> class parser_reference;
+    template<class P> parser_reference<P> embed_by_reference(parser<P> const &);
+
+    BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_END
+  }
+}
+//==============================================================================
+// Implementation
+//==============================================================================
+#include BOOST_TYPEOF_INCREMENT_REGISTRATION_GROUP()
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_REGISTER_TEMPLATE
+//
+// Boost.Typeof registration from within BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE 
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_REGISTER_TEMPLATE(name,params)                      \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_CLOSE,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-)                 \
+    BOOST_TYPEOF_REGISTER_TEMPLATE(                                            \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_QUALIFY,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-) name,       \
+        params)                                                                \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_OPEN,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-)     
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_REGISTER_TYPE
+//
+// Boost.Typeof registration from within BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE 
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_REGISTER_TYPE(name)                                 \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_CLOSE,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-)                 \
+    BOOST_TYPEOF_REGISTER_TYPE(                                                \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_QUALIFY,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-) name )      \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(NS_OPEN,BOOST_SPIRIT__NAMESPACE,-)     
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_AP_IMPL
+//
+// The action placeholder definition
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_IMPL(name,ns)                                    \
+      namespace __action_placeholder                                           \
+      {                                                                        \
+        struct name                                                            \
+        {                                                                      \
+          template<typename Action>                                            \
+          ns :: action_chain< name, ns :: replace, Action>                     \
+          operator=(Action const & __a) const                                  \
+          { return ns :: action_chain< name, ns :: replace, Action>(__a); }    \
+                                                                               \
+          template<typename Action>                                            \
+          ns :: action_chain< name, ns :: append, Action>                      \
+          operator+=(Action const & __a) const                                 \
+          { return ns :: action_chain< name, ns :: append, Action> (__a); }    \
+        };                                                                     \
+      }                                                                        \
+      __action_placeholder:: name const name = __action_placeholder:: name (); 
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_IMPL_I
+//
+// Does some precalculation so RP_IMPL_II can look cleaner
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_I(name,pars,acts,mbrs,expr)                    \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_II(name, name ## _t ,                               \
+                              pars, BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(pars),          \
+                              acts, BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(acts),          \
+                              mbrs, BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(mbrs), expr)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_IMPL_II
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_II(name,name_t,pars,np,acts,na,mbrs,nm,x)      \
+      BOOST_PP_IIF(BOOST_PP_OR(np,na),BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_III,                \
+                                      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_II)          \
+                                         (name,name_t,pars,np,acts,na,mbrs,nm,x)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_IMPL_III
+//
+// The rule parser definition
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IMPL_III(name,name_t,pars,np,acts,na,mbrs,nm,x)     \
+                                                                               \
+      template< BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TPL_PARAMS(pars,acts,typename __,1) >          \
+      class name_t                                                             \
+        : public ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser< name_t                               \
+                       < BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TPL_PARAMS(pars,acts,__,0) > >        \
+      {                                                                        \
+        class __rule                                                           \
+        {                                                                      \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_STATIC,pars,__T)                             \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_STATIC,acts,-)                               \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_STATIC,mbrs,BOOST_PP_IDENTITY(typename))     \
+        public:                                                                \
+          BOOST_TYPEOF_NESTED_TYPEDEF_TPL(__expr,                              \
+            ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::depend_on_type<__Dummy>(x) )   \  
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+      public:                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+        typedef name_t self_t;                                                 \
+        typedef typename __rule::__expr::type::parser_category_t               \
+                                                           parser_category_t;  \
+                                                                               \
+        BOOST_PP_EXPR_IIF(BOOST_PP_NOR(np,na),typedef self_t const & embed_t;) \
+                                                                               \
+      protected:                                                               \
+                                                                               \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_NONSTATIC,mbrs,BOOST_PP_IDENTITY(typename))    \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(na,SPIRIT_RP_AP_EXTRA_MBRS,2)(np,na)                \
+                                                                               \
+        typename __rule::__expr::type::embed_t __parser;                       \
+                                                                               \
+      public:                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+        explicit name_t ( BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_CTOR(PARAMS,pars,np,acts) )          \
+          : BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_CTOR_INIT_LIST,mbrs,-)                     \
+          BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nm)                                                \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(na,SPIRIT_RP_CTOR_COMMA,4)(INIT_LIST,pars,np,acts)\
+            __parser(x)                                                        \
+        { }                                                                    \
+                                                                               \
+        name_t( name_t const & that)                                           \
+          : BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST,mbrs,that)             \
+          BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nm)                                                \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(na,SPIRIT_RP_CTOR_COMMA,4)                        \
+                                                 (COPY_INIT_LIST,pars,np,acts) \
+            __parser(that.__parser)                                            \
+        { }                                                                    \
+                                                                               \
+        template<typename Scanner> struct result                               \
+        {                                                                      \
+          typedef typename ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser_result<                     \
+                           typename __rule::__expr::type, Scanner>::type type; \
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+        template<typename Scanner>                                             \
+        typename ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser_result<self_t, Scanner>::type         \
+        parse(Scanner const & s) const { return __parser.parse(s); }           \
+                                                                               \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(na,SPIRIT_RP_AP_HANDLER,5)                          \
+                                  (name_t,np,acts,na,::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of) \
+      };                                                                       \
+                                                                               \
+      BOOST_PP_IF(np,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GEN_FUNC,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GLOB_VAR)        \
+                                                           (name,name_t,np,na) \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_REGISTER_TEMPLATE                                        \
+        (name_t,BOOST_PP_INC(BOOST_PP_ADD(np,na))) 
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_I
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_I(name,pars,mbrs,expr)                  \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_II(name, name ## _t,                         \
+                                     pars,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(pars),-,-,\
+                                     mbrs,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(mbrs),expr)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_II
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPAQUE_IMPL_II(name,name_t,pars,np,_1,_2,mbrs,nm,x) \
+      class name_t;                                                            \
+                                                                               \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_REGISTER_TYPE(name_t)                                    \
+                                                                               \
+      class name_t                                                             \
+        : public ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser< name_t >                             \
+      {                                                                        \
+        class __rule                                                           \
+        {                                                                      \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_OPAQUE_STATIC,pars,-)                        \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_STATIC,mbrs,BOOST_PP_EMPTY)                  \
+        public:                                                                \
+          BOOST_TYPEOF_NESTED_TYPEDEF(__expr,x)                                \
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+      public:                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+        typedef name_t self_t;                                                 \
+        typedef __rule::__expr::type::parser_category_t parser_category_t;     \
+        BOOST_PP_EXPR_IIF(BOOST_PP_NOT(np),typedef self_t const & embed_t;)    \
+                                                                               \
+      protected:                                                               \
+                                                                               \
+        BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_NONSTATIC,mbrs,BOOST_PP_EMPTY)                 \
+                                                                               \
+        __rule::__expr::type::embed_t __parser;                                \
+                                                                               \
+      public:                                                                  \
+                                                                               \
+        explicit name_t (BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_OPAQUE_CTOR_PARAMS,pars,-))   \
+          : BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_CTOR_INIT_LIST,mbrs,-)                     \
+            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nm) __parser(x)                                  \
+        { }                                                                    \
+                                                                               \
+        name_t(name_t const & that)                                            \
+          : BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(MV_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST,mbrs,that)             \
+            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(nm) __parser(that.__parser)                      \
+        { }                                                                    \
+                                                                               \
+        template<typename Scanner> struct result                               \
+        {                                                                      \
+          typedef typename ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser_result<                     \
+                                   __rule::__expr::type, Scanner>::type type;  \
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+        template<typename Scanner>                                             \
+        typename ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser_result<self_t, Scanner>::type         \
+        parse(Scanner const & s) const { return __parser.parse(s); }           \
+      };                                                                       \
+                                                                               \
+      BOOST_PP_IF(np,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GEN_OPAQUE,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GLOB_OPAQUE)   \
+                                                         (name,name_t,np,pars)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_AP_HANDLER 
+//
+// Part of the rule parser definition for handling action placeholders
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_HANDLER(name_t,np,acts,na,ns)                    \
+      private:                                                                 \
+        template<typename A> struct __rebound_1st                              \
+        {                                                                      \
+          typedef name_t < void BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(np,__T) ,        \
+            typename ns ::action_concatenator<__A0,A>::type                    \
+            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(BOOST_PP_DEC(na))                                \
+            BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(na,__A)                               \
+          > type;                                                              \
+        };                                                                     \
+                                                                               \
+        template<typename X> struct __rebound                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+          typedef name_t <                                                     \
+            void BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(np,__T)                         \
+            BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_REBOUND_TPL_ARGS,acts,X)                   \
+          > type;                                                              \
+        };                                                                     \
+      public:                                                                  \
+        template<typename A>                                                   \
+        typename __rebound_1st<A>::type const operator[](A const & a) const    \
+        {                                                                      \
+          return typename __rebound_1st<A>::type (                             \
+            BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,__p) BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(np)                 \
+            ns ::concatenate_actions(__a0,a)                                   \
+            BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(BOOST_PP_DEC(na))                                \
+            BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(na,__a) );                            \
+        }                                                                      \
+        template<class PH, ns ::action_chain_mode M, typename A>               \
+        typename __rebound< ns ::action_chain<PH,M,A> >::type const            \
+        operator[]( ns ::action_chain<PH,M,A> const & x) const                 \
+        {                                                                      \
+          return typename __rebound< ns ::action_chain<PH,M,A> >::type (       \
+            BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,__p) BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(np)                 \
+            BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_REBOUND_ARGS,acts,x) );                    \
+        }                                                                      \
+        template<class Head, class Tail>                                       \
+        typename __rebound< ns ::action_chains<Head,Tail> >::type const        \
+        operator[]( ns ::action_chains<Head,Tail> const & x) const             \
+        {                                                                      \
+          return typename __rebound< ns ::action_chains<Head,Tail> >::type (   \
+            BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,__p) BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(np)                 \
+            BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_REBOUND_ARGS,acts,x) );                    \
+        }
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_AP_EXTRA_MBRS
+//
+// Extra members we need for rebinding if there are action placeholders
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_EXTRA_MBRS(np,na)                                \
+      private:                                                                 \
+        BOOST_PP_REPEAT(np,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_PM_MBRS,-)                          \
+        BOOST_PP_REPEAT(na,BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_MBRS,-) 
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_PM_MBRS
+//
+// Member variables to remember parameters if there are action placeholder
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_PM_MBRS(z,i,d) __T ## i __p ## i ;
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_AP_MBRS
+//
+// Member variables to remember action placeholder substitutes
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_AP_MBRS(z,i,d) __A ## i __a ## i ;
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_CTOR
+//
+// Expands to a fragment of a constructor (parameters or init-list)
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_CTOR(what,pars,np,acts)                             \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_CTOR_ ## what,pars,__T)                          \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_CTOR_ ## what,acts,np)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_CTOR_COMMA
+//
+// RP_CTOR with a trailing comma
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_CTOR_COMMA(what,pars,np,acts)                       \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_CTOR(what,pars,np,acts) ,
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_TPL_PARAMS
+//
+// Expands to the template parameters or arguments of the rule parser template 
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TPL_PARAMS(pars,acts,prefix,defaults)               \
+      prefix ## Dummy                                                          \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_TEMPLATE_PARAMS,pars,prefix ## T)                \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(AP_TEMPLATE_PARAMS,acts,(prefix ## A,defaults))
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_GEN_FUNC
+//
+// Generator function
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GEN_FUNC(name,name_t,np,na)                         \
+      template< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,typename T) >                          \
+      inline name_t < void BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(np,T) >               \
+      name( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(np,T, const & p) )                     \
+      { return name_t < void BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(np,T) >             \
+                 (BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,p) BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(na, \
+                ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::nop_functor() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT) ); \
+      }
+// RP_GEN_OPAQUE
+//
+// non-templated version for opaque rule parsers.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GEN_OPAQUE(name,name_t,np,pars)                     \
+      inline name_t name( BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(PM_OPAQUE_GEN_PARAMS,pars,p))   \
+      { return name_t (BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(np,p)); }
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_GLOB_VAR
+//
+// Global variable -- used instead of the generator function if there are no
+// parameters
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GLOB_VAR(name,name_t,np,na)                         \
+      static name_t <void> const name = name_t <void>(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(na, \
+                ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::nop_functor() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT) );
+
+// RP_GLOB_OPAQUE
+//
+// non-templated version for opaque rule parsers.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_GLOB_OPAQUE(name,name_t,np,pars)                    \
+      static name_t const name = name_t () ;
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// PP_EMIT operations (fragment emittion based on array input)
+
+// - - Namespace handling
+
+// NS_OPEN
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__NS_OPEN(r,data,i,elem)                             \
+      namespace BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPTIONAL(elem) {
+
+// NS_QUALIFY
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__NS_QUALIFY(r,data,i,elem)                          \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPTIONAL(elem ::)
+
+// NS_CLOSE
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__NS_CLOSE(r,data,i,elem) }
+
+// - - Parameter handling
+
+// PM_STATIC
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_STATIC(r,data,i,elem)                           \
+      static typename ::boost::call_traits< data ## i >::reference elem ;
+
+// PM_CTOR_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_CTOR_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem)                      \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i)                                                     \
+      typename ::boost::call_traits< data ## i >::param_type elem 
+
+// PM_CTOR_ARGS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_CTOR_ARGS(r,data,i,elem)                        \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i) elem
+
+// PM_CTOR_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_CTOR_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)                   \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i) __p ## i ( elem )
+
+// PM_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)              \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i) __p ## i ( that. __p ## i )
+
+
+// PM_TEMPLATE_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem) , data ## i
+
+// - strictly typed parameters of the opaque rule_parser
+
+// PM_OPAQUE_STATIC
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_OPAQUE_STATIC(r,data,i,elem)                    \
+      static ::boost::call_traits<                                             \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,0,elem))                  \
+        >::reference BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,1,elem) ;
+
+// PM_OPAQUE_CTOR_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_OPAQUE_CTOR_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem)               \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i) ::boost::call_traits<                               \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,0,elem))                  \
+        >::param_type BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,1,elem)
+
+// PM_OPAQUE_GEN_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__PM_OPAQUE_GEN_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem)                \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i) ::boost::call_traits<                               \
+          BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,0,elem))                  \
+        >::param_type data ## i
+
+// - - Member variable handling
+
+// MV_NONSTATIC
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__MV_NONSTATIC(r,data,i,elem)                        \
+      data() BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,0,elem))               \
+        BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,1,elem) ;
+
+// MV_STATIC
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__MV_STATIC(r,data,i,elem)                           \
+      static data() ::boost::call_traits<                                      \
+            data() BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,0,elem))         \
+        >::reference BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,1,elem) ;
+
+// MV_CTOR_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__MV_CTOR_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)                   \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i)                                                     \
+      BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,1,elem) BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,2,elem)
+
+// MV_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__MV_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)              \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i)                                                     \
+      BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,1,elem) (data . BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(3,1,elem))
+
+// - - Action placeholder handling
+
+// AP_STATIC
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_STATIC(r,data,i,elem) static __A ## i & elem ;
+
+// AP_CTOR_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_CTOR_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem)                      \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_COMMA_IF_OR(data,i)                                      \
+      typename ::boost::call_traits< __A ## i >::param_type elem
+
+// AP_CTOR_ARGS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_CTOR_ARGS(r,data,i,elem)                        \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_COMMA_IF_OR(data,i) elem
+
+// AP_CTOR_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_CTOR_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)                   \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_COMMA_IF_OR(data,i) __a ## i ( elem )
+
+// AP_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_CTOR_COPY_INIT_LIST(r,data,i,elem)              \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_COMMA_IF_OR(data,i) __a ## i ( that. __a ## i )
+
+// AP_TEMPLATE_PARAMS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_TEMPLATE_PARAMS(r,data,i,elem)                  \
+      , BOOST_PP_CAT(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,0,data),i)                          \
+      BOOST_PP_EXPR_IIF(BOOST_PP_TUPLE_ELEM(2,1,data),                         \
+          = ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::nop_functor)
+
+// AP_REBOUND_ARGS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_REBOUND_ARGS(r,data,i,elem)                     \
+      BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(i)                                                     \
+      ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::get_placeholdee< __action_placeholder:: elem > \
+                                                           ( __a ## i , data )
+
+// AP_REBOUND_TPL_ARGS
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__AP_REBOUND_TPL_ARGS(r,data,i,elem)                 \
+      , typename ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::placeholdee<                        \
+                  __action_placeholder:: elem , __A ## i, data >::type 
+
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// PP_EMIT
+//
+// Performs one of the operations in the above section on an optional array.
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_EMIT(op, array, data)                               \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I(BOOST_SPIRIT_RP__ ## op,data,array)
+// --- --- - - --- - - --- - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I 
+//
+// Iterates an optional array. That is you can pass e.g.'-' or 'none' to denote
+// emptiness.
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I(macro,data,optional_array)         \
+      BOOST_PP_IIF(BOOST_PP_IS_BINARY(optional_array),                         \
+                   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I_IMPL,                      \
+                   BOOST_PP_TUPLE_EAT(3))(macro,data,optional_array)
+
+// RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I_IMPL 
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_FOR_EACH_I_IMPL(macro,data,array)             \
+      BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(BOOST_PP_ARRAY_SIZE(array),PP_SEQ_FOR_EACH_I,3)       \
+        (macro,data, BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(BOOST_PP_ARRAY_SIZE(array),            \
+                                        PP_TUPLE_TO_SEQ,2) array)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_ARRAY_SIZE 
+//
+// Expands to the size of an "optional array".
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE( (2,(a,b)) ) // 2
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE( (0,()) )    // 0
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE( none )      // 0
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE( - )         // 0
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_ARRAY_SIZE(optional_array)                          \
+      BOOST_PP_IIF(BOOST_PP_IS_BINARY(optional_array),                         \
+                   BOOST_PP_ARRAY_SIZE, 0 BOOST_PP_TUPLE_EAT(1))(optional_array)
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_OPTIONAL
+// 
+// Expands to nothing if the argument is parenthesized.
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPTIONAL( foobar ) // foobar
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPTIONAL( (none) ) // evaluates to nothing
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_OPTIONAL(elem)                                      \
+      BOOST_PP_EXPR_IIF(BOOST_PP_COMPL(BOOST_PP_IS_UNARY(elem)),elem) 
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_COMMA_IF_OR
+//
+// Expands to nothing if both arguments are zero, otherwise expands to a comma.
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_COMMA_IF_OR(a,b)                                    \
+      BOOST_PP_IIF(BOOST_PP_OR(a,b),BOOST_PP_COMMA,BOOST_PP_EMPTY)()
+// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// RP_IF
+//
+//   BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(cond,name,arity)
+//
+// is equivalent to:
+//
+//   BOOST_PP_IF(cond,BOOST_name,BOOST_PP_TUPLE_EAT(arity))
+//
+#   define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_IF(cond,name,arity) \
+      BOOST_PP_IF(cond,BOOST_ ## name,BOOST_PP_TUPLE_EAT(arity))
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Wrapper and gernator function to embed a parser by reference
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace boost { namespace spirit { 
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+  // Wrapper to embed a parser by reference
+
+  template<class P> class parser_reference 
+    : public parser< parser_reference<P> >
+  {
+    P const & ref_that;
+  public:
+    parser_reference(P & that)
+    // we allow implicit conversion but forbid temporaries.
+      : ref_that(that)
+    { }
+
+    typedef parser_reference<P>           self_t;
+    typedef self_t const &                embed_t; 
+    typedef typename P::parser_category_t parser_category_t;
+
+    template<typename ScannerT> struct result 
+    { typedef typename P::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE result<ScannerT>::type type; };
+
+    template<typename ScannerT> 
+    typename result<ScannerT>::type
+    parse(ScannerT const & scan) const
+    { return this->ref_that.parse(scan); }
+  };
+
+  template<class P> parser_reference<P> 
+  embed_by_reference(::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser<P> & p)
+  { return p; }
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_END
+
+} } // namespace ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS
+
+BOOST_TYPEOF_REGISTER_TEMPLATE(BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::parser_reference, 1)
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Expression templates for action placeholders.
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace boost { namespace spirit { 
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+namespace type_of { 
+
+  // No-operation functor
+
+  struct nop_functor 
+  {
+    template<typename T>
+    bool operator()(T const &) const 
+    { return false; }
+    template<typename T, typename U>
+    bool operator()(T const &, U const &) const
+    { return false; }
+
+    typedef bool result_type;
+  };
+
+  // Composite action
+
+  template<typename Action1, typename Action2>
+  class composite_action
+  {
+    Action1 fnc_a1;
+    Action2 fnc_a2;
+  public:
+    composite_action(Action1 const & a1, Action2 const & a2)
+      : fnc_a1(a1), fnc_a2(a2)
+    { }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void operator()(T const & inp) const
+    { fnc_a1(inp); fnc_a2(inp); }
+
+    template<typename T, typename U>
+    void operator()(T const & inp1, U const inp2) const
+    { fnc_a1(inp1, inp2); fnc_a2(inp1, inp2); }
+  };
+
+  // Action concatenation (and optimize away nop_functorS)
+
+  template<typename Action1, typename Action2>
+  struct action_concatenator
+  {
+    typedef composite_action<Action1,Action2> type;
+
+    static type concatenate(Action1 const & a1, Action2 const & a2)
+    { return composite_action<Action1,Action2>(a1,a2); }
+  };
+  template<typename Action> struct action_concatenator<nop_functor, Action>
+  {
+    typedef Action type;
+
+    static type concatenate(nop_functor const &, Action const & a) 
+    { return a; }
+  };
+  template<typename Action> struct action_concatenator<Action, nop_functor>
+  {
+    typedef Action type;
+
+    static type concatenate(Action const & a, nop_functor const &) 
+    { return a; }
+  };
+  template<> struct action_concatenator<nop_functor, nop_functor>
+  {
+    typedef nop_functor type;
+
+    static type concatenate(nop_functor const &, nop_functor const &) 
+    { return nop_functor(); }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Action1, typename Action2>
+  typename action_concatenator<Action1,Action2>::type 
+  concatenate_actions(Action1 const & a1, Action2 const & a2)
+  {
+    return action_concatenator<Action1,Action2>::concatenate(a1,a2);
+  }
+
+  // Action chains
+
+  enum action_chain_mode { replace, append };
+
+  template<class Placeholder, action_chain_mode Mode, typename Action>
+  class action_chain
+  {
+    Action fnc_action;
+  public:
+    action_chain(Action const & a)
+      : fnc_action(a)
+    { }
+
+    typedef Action action_type;
+
+    Action const & action() const { return fnc_action; }
+  };
+
+  // This operator adds actions to an action chain definition
+  template<class PH, action_chain_mode M, typename A1, typename A2>
+  action_chain<PH, M, typename action_concatenator<A1,A2>::type>
+  operator, (action_chain<PH,M,A1> const & chain, A2 const & a)
+  {
+    return action_chain<PH,M,typename action_concatenator<A1,A2>::type>
+        ( concatenate_actions(chain.action(), a) );
+  }
+
+  // Expression template for mutiple action chain assignments
+  template<class ChainOrChains, class LastChain>
+  class action_chains
+  {
+    ChainOrChains obj_head;
+    LastChain     obj_tail;
+  public:
+    action_chains(ChainOrChains const & head, LastChain const & tail)
+      : obj_head(head), obj_tail(tail)
+    { }
+
+    typedef ChainOrChains head_type;
+    typedef LastChain     tail_type;
+
+    head_type const & head() const { return obj_head; }
+    tail_type const & tail() const { return obj_tail; }
+  }; 
+
+  // Action chain concatenation
+  template<class Head, class Tail>
+  action_chains<Head,Tail> make_chain(Head const & h, Tail const & t)
+  { return action_chains<Head,Tail>(h,t); }
+
+  template<class PH1, action_chain_mode M1, typename A1,  
+           class PH2, action_chain_mode M2, typename A2>
+  action_chains< action_chain<PH1,M1,A1>, action_chain<PH2,M2,A2> >
+  operator, (action_chain<PH1,M1,A1> const & h, 
+             action_chain<PH2,M2,A2> const & t)
+  { return make_chain(h,t); }
+
+  template<class Head, class Tail,class PH, action_chain_mode M, typename A>
+  action_chains< action_chains<Head,Tail>, action_chain<PH,M,A> >
+  operator, (action_chains<Head,Tail> const & h, action_chain<PH,M,A> const & t)
+  { return make_chain(h,t); }
+
+
+  // Extract the (maybe composite) action associated with an action 
+  // placeholders from the chains with a fold algorithm.
+  template<class Placeholder, typename StartAction, class NewChainOrChains>
+  struct placeholdee
+  {
+    typedef StartAction type; 
+
+    static type get(StartAction const & a, NewChainOrChains const &)
+    { return a; }
+  };
+
+  template<class Placeholder, // <-- non-deduced
+           typename StartAction, class NewChainOrChains>
+  typename placeholdee<Placeholder,StartAction,NewChainOrChains>::type
+  get_placeholdee(StartAction const & a, NewChainOrChains const & c)
+  { return placeholdee<Placeholder,StartAction,NewChainOrChains>::get(a,c); }
+
+  template<class Placeholder, typename StartAction, class Head, class Tail> 
+  struct placeholdee
+            < Placeholder, StartAction, action_chains<Head,Tail> >
+  {
+    typedef typename placeholdee<Placeholder,
+      typename placeholdee<Placeholder,StartAction,Head>::type, Tail >::type
+    type;
+
+    static type get(StartAction const & a, action_chains<Head,Tail> const & c)
+    {
+      return get_placeholdee<Placeholder>(
+        get_placeholdee<Placeholder>(a,c.head()), c.tail() );
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<class Placeholder, typename StartAction, typename A>
+  struct placeholdee
+            < Placeholder, StartAction, action_chain<Placeholder,replace,A> >
+  {
+    typedef A type;
+
+    static type get(StartAction const &, 
+                    action_chain<Placeholder,replace,A> const & c)
+    { return c.action(); }
+  };
+
+  template<class Placeholder, typename StartAction, typename A>
+  struct placeholdee
+            < Placeholder, StartAction, action_chain<Placeholder,append,A> >
+  {
+    typedef typename action_concatenator<StartAction,A>::type type;
+
+    static type get(StartAction const & a, 
+                    action_chain<Placeholder,append,A> const & c)
+    { return concatenate_actions(a,c.action()); }
+  };
+
+} 
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_END
+
+} } // namespace ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of
+
+BOOST_TYPEOF_REGISTER_TYPE(BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::nop_functor)
+BOOST_TYPEOF_REGISTER_TEMPLATE(BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::composite_action,2)
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Misc.utilities
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace boost { namespace spirit { 
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+namespace type_of {
+
+  // Utility function to create a dependency to a template argument.
+
+  template<typename T, typename X>
+  X const & depend_on_type(X const & x) 
+  { return x; }
+
+  // Utility to allow use parenthesized type expressions with commas inside
+  // as a type within macros. Thanks to Dave Abrahams for telling me this nice
+  // trick.
+
+  #define BOOST_SPIRIT_RP_TYPE(x) \
+    ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::remove_special_fptr \
+      < ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of::special_result & (*) x >::type
+
+  struct special_result;
+
+  template<typename T> struct remove_special_fptr { };
+  template<typename T> struct remove_special_fptr< special_result & (*)(T) >
+  { typedef T type; };
+
+} 
+
+BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NAMESPACE_END
+
+} } // namespace ::BOOST_SPIRIT_CLASSIC_NS::type_of
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#endif 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+