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1 // Copyright John Maddock 2006, 2007.
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2 // Copyright Paul A. Bristow 2006, 2007.
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3
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4 // Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
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5 // Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
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6 // LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
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7
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8 #ifndef BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP
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9 #define BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP
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10
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11 // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
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12 // http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3661.htm
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13 // Also:
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14 // Weisstein, Eric W. "Normal Distribution."
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15 // From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.
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16 // http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NormalDistribution.html
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17
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18 #include <boost/math/distributions/fwd.hpp>
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19 #include <boost/math/special_functions/erf.hpp> // for erf/erfc.
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20 #include <boost/math/distributions/complement.hpp>
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21 #include <boost/math/distributions/detail/common_error_handling.hpp>
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22
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23 #include <utility>
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24
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25 namespace boost{ namespace math{
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26
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27 template <class RealType = double, class Policy = policies::policy<> >
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28 class normal_distribution
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29 {
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30 public:
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31 typedef RealType value_type;
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32 typedef Policy policy_type;
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33
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34 normal_distribution(RealType l_mean = 0, RealType sd = 1)
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35 : m_mean(l_mean), m_sd(sd)
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36 { // Default is a 'standard' normal distribution N01.
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37 static const char* function = "boost::math::normal_distribution<%1%>::normal_distribution";
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38
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39 RealType result;
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40 detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy());
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41 detail::check_location(function, l_mean, &result, Policy());
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42 }
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43
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44 RealType mean()const
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45 { // alias for location.
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46 return m_mean;
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47 }
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48
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49 RealType standard_deviation()const
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50 { // alias for scale.
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51 return m_sd;
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52 }
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53
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54 // Synonyms, provided to allow generic use of find_location and find_scale.
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55 RealType location()const
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56 { // location.
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57 return m_mean;
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58 }
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59 RealType scale()const
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60 { // scale.
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61 return m_sd;
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62 }
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63
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64 private:
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65 //
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66 // Data members:
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67 //
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68 RealType m_mean; // distribution mean or location.
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69 RealType m_sd; // distribution standard deviation or scale.
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70 }; // class normal_distribution
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71
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72 typedef normal_distribution<double> normal;
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73
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74 #ifdef BOOST_MSVC
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75 #pragma warning(push)
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76 #pragma warning(disable:4127)
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77 #endif
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78
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79 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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80 inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> range(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
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81 { // Range of permissible values for random variable x.
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82 if (std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity)
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83 {
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84 return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity(), std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity()); // - to + infinity.
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85 }
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86 else
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87 { // Can only use max_value.
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88 using boost::math::tools::max_value;
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89 return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-max_value<RealType>(), max_value<RealType>()); // - to + max value.
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90 }
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91 }
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92
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93 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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94 inline const std::pair<RealType, RealType> support(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
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95 { // This is range values for random variable x where cdf rises from 0 to 1, and outside it, the pdf is zero.
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96 if (std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity)
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97 {
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98 return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity(), std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity()); // - to + infinity.
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99 }
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100 else
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101 { // Can only use max_value.
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102 using boost::math::tools::max_value;
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103 return std::pair<RealType, RealType>(-max_value<RealType>(), max_value<RealType>()); // - to + max value.
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104 }
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105 }
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106
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107 #ifdef BOOST_MSVC
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108 #pragma warning(pop)
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109 #endif
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110
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111 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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112 inline RealType pdf(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& x)
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113 {
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114 BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std functions
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115
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116 RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
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117 RealType mean = dist.mean();
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118
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119 static const char* function = "boost::math::pdf(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";
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120
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121 RealType result = 0;
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122 if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
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123 {
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124 return result;
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125 }
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126 if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
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127 {
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128 return result;
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129 }
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130 if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
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131 {
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132 return 0; // pdf + and - infinity is zero.
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133 }
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134 // Below produces MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
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135 //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && abs(x) == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
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136 //{ // pdf + and - infinity is zero.
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137 // return 0;
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138 //}
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139 if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
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140 {
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141 return result;
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142 }
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143
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144 RealType exponent = x - mean;
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145 exponent *= -exponent;
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146 exponent /= 2 * sd * sd;
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147
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148 result = exp(exponent);
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149 result /= sd * sqrt(2 * constants::pi<RealType>());
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150
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151 return result;
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152 } // pdf
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153
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154 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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155 inline RealType cdf(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& x)
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156 {
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157 BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std functions
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158
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159 RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
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160 RealType mean = dist.mean();
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161 static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";
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162 RealType result = 0;
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163 if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
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164 {
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165 return result;
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166 }
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167 if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
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168 {
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169 return result;
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170 }
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171 if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
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172 {
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173 if(x < 0) return 0; // -infinity
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174 return 1; // + infinity
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175 }
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176 // These produce MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
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177 //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
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178 //{ // cdf +infinity is unity.
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179 // return 1;
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180 //}
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181 //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == -std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
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182 //{ // cdf -infinity is zero.
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183 // return 0;
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184 //}
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185 if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
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186 {
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187 return result;
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188 }
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189 RealType diff = (x - mean) / (sd * constants::root_two<RealType>());
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190 result = boost::math::erfc(-diff, Policy()) / 2;
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191 return result;
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192 } // cdf
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193
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194 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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195 inline RealType quantile(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist, const RealType& p)
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196 {
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197 BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std functions
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198
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199 RealType sd = dist.standard_deviation();
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200 RealType mean = dist.mean();
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201 static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(const normal_distribution<%1%>&, %1%)";
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202
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203 RealType result = 0;
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204 if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
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205 return result;
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206 if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
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207 return result;
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208 if(false == detail::check_probability(function, p, &result, Policy()))
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209 return result;
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210
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211 result= boost::math::erfc_inv(2 * p, Policy());
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212 result = -result;
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213 result *= sd * constants::root_two<RealType>();
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214 result += mean;
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215 return result;
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216 } // quantile
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217
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218 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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219 inline RealType cdf(const complemented2_type<normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
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220 {
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221 BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std functions
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222
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223 RealType sd = c.dist.standard_deviation();
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224 RealType mean = c.dist.mean();
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225 RealType x = c.param;
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226 static const char* function = "boost::math::cdf(const complement(normal_distribution<%1%>&), %1%)";
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227
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228 RealType result = 0;
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229 if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
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230 return result;
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231 if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
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232 return result;
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233 if((boost::math::isinf)(x))
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234 {
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235 if(x < 0) return 1; // cdf complement -infinity is unity.
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236 return 0; // cdf complement +infinity is zero
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237 }
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238 // These produce MSVC 4127 warnings, so the above used instead.
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239 //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
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240 //{ // cdf complement +infinity is zero.
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241 // return 0;
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242 //}
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243 //if(std::numeric_limits<RealType>::has_infinity && x == -std::numeric_limits<RealType>::infinity())
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244 //{ // cdf complement -infinity is unity.
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245 // return 1;
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246 //}
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247 if(false == detail::check_x(function, x, &result, Policy()))
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248 return result;
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249
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250 RealType diff = (x - mean) / (sd * constants::root_two<RealType>());
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251 result = boost::math::erfc(diff, Policy()) / 2;
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252 return result;
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253 } // cdf complement
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254
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255 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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256 inline RealType quantile(const complemented2_type<normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>, RealType>& c)
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257 {
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258 BOOST_MATH_STD_USING // for ADL of std functions
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259
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260 RealType sd = c.dist.standard_deviation();
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261 RealType mean = c.dist.mean();
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262 static const char* function = "boost::math::quantile(const complement(normal_distribution<%1%>&), %1%)";
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263 RealType result = 0;
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264 if(false == detail::check_scale(function, sd, &result, Policy()))
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265 return result;
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266 if(false == detail::check_location(function, mean, &result, Policy()))
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267 return result;
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268 RealType q = c.param;
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269 if(false == detail::check_probability(function, q, &result, Policy()))
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270 return result;
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271 result = boost::math::erfc_inv(2 * q, Policy());
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272 result *= sd * constants::root_two<RealType>();
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273 result += mean;
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274 return result;
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275 } // quantile
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276
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277 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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278 inline RealType mean(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
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279 {
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280 return dist.mean();
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281 }
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282
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283 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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284 inline RealType standard_deviation(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
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285 {
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286 return dist.standard_deviation();
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287 }
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288
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289 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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290 inline RealType mode(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
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291 {
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292 return dist.mean();
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293 }
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294
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295 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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296 inline RealType median(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& dist)
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297 {
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298 return dist.mean();
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299 }
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300
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301 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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302 inline RealType skewness(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
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303 {
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304 return 0;
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305 }
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306
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307 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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308 inline RealType kurtosis(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
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309 {
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310 return 3;
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311 }
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312
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313 template <class RealType, class Policy>
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314 inline RealType kurtosis_excess(const normal_distribution<RealType, Policy>& /*dist*/)
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315 {
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316 return 0;
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317 }
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318
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319 } // namespace math
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320 } // namespace boost
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321
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322 // This include must be at the end, *after* the accessors
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323 // for this distribution have been defined, in order to
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324 // keep compilers that support two-phase lookup happy.
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325 #include <boost/math/distributions/detail/derived_accessors.hpp>
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326
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327 #endif // BOOST_STATS_NORMAL_HPP
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328
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329
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