christopher@31: %%
christopher@31: %% IEEEtran.bst
christopher@31: %% BibTeX Bibliography Style file for IEEE Journals and Conferences (unsorted)
christopher@31: %% Version 1.12 (2007/01/11)
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %% Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Michael Shell
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
christopher@31: %% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
christopher@31: %% IEEE BibTeX styles:
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst  (1985/1988)
christopher@31: %% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %% Support sites:
christopher@31: %% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
christopher@31: %% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
christopher@31: %% and/or
christopher@31: %% http://www.ieee.org/
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
christopher@31: %%
christopher@31: %% This is a numerical citation style.
christopher@31: %% 
christopher@31: %%*************************************************************************
christopher@31: %% Legal Notice:
christopher@31: %% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
christopher@31: %% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
christopher@31: %% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE! 
christopher@31: %% User assumes all risk.
christopher@31: %% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
christopher@31: %% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
christopher@31: %% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
christopher@31: %% of any information contained here.
christopher@31: %%
christopher@31: %% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
christopher@31: %% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
christopher@31: %%
christopher@31: %% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
christopher@31: %% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
christopher@31: %% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
christopher@31: %% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
christopher@31: %% 2003/12/01 or later.
christopher@31: %% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
christopher@31: %% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including  **
christopher@31: %% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
christopher@31: %%
christopher@31: %% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
christopher@31: %%                    IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
christopher@31: %%                    IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
christopher@31: %%*************************************************************************
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % Changelog:
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % 1.00 (2002/08/13) Initial release
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % 1.10 (2002/09/27)
christopher@31: %  1. Corrected minor bug for improperly formed warning message when a
christopher@31: %     book was not given a title. Thanks to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
christopher@31: %  2. Added support for CTLname_format_string and CTLname_latex_cmd fields
christopher@31: %     in the BST control entry type.
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % 1.11 (2003/04/02)
christopher@31: %  1. Fixed bug with URLs containing underscores when using url.sty. Thanks
christopher@31: %     to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % 1.12 (2007/01/11)
christopher@31: %  1. Fixed bug with unwanted comma before "et al." when an entry contained
christopher@31: %     more than two author names. Thanks to Pallav Gupta for reporting this.
christopher@31: %  2. Fixed bug with anomalous closing quote in tech reports that have a
christopher@31: %     type, but without a number or address. Thanks to Mehrdad Mirreza for
christopher@31: %     reporting this.
christopher@31: %  3. Use braces in \providecommand in begin.bib to better support
christopher@31: %     latex2html. TeX style length assignments OK with recent versions
christopher@31: %     of latex2html - 1.71 (2002/2/1) or later is strongly recommended.
christopher@31: %     Use of the language field still causes trouble with latex2html.
christopher@31: %     Thanks to Federico Beffa for reporting this.
christopher@31: %  4. Added IEEEtran.bst ID and version comment string to .bbl output.
christopher@31: %  5. Provide a \BIBdecl hook that allows the user to execute commands
christopher@31: %     just prior to the first entry.
christopher@31: %  6. Use default urlstyle (is using url.sty) of "same" rather than rm to
christopher@31: %     better work with a wider variety of bibliography styles.
christopher@31: %  7. Changed month abbreviations from Sept., July and June to Sep., Jul.,
christopher@31: %     and Jun., respectively, as IEEE now does. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann
christopher@31: %     for reporting this.
christopher@31: %  8. Control entry types should not be considered when calculating longest
christopher@31: %     label width.
christopher@31: %  9. Added alias www for electronic/online.
christopher@31: % 10. Added CTLname_url_prefix control entry type.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
christopher@31: % here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: %\makeatletter
christopher@31: %\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
christopher@31: %\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
christopher@31: %  \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
christopher@31: %    \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
christopher@31: %    \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
christopher@31: %  \@esphack}
christopher@31: %\makeatother
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
christopher@31: % \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
christopher@31: % usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
christopher@31: % is not greater than this value!
christopher@31: % Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
christopher@31: % a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
christopher@31: % used profusely.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
christopher@31: % Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
christopher@31: % the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
christopher@31: % default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
christopher@31: % stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
christopher@31: % the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
christopher@31: % code via a command such as: 
christopher@31: % "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
christopher@31: % that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
christopher@31: % of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The default name format control string.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The default LaTeX font command for the names.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The default URL prefix.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
christopher@31: % operate more quietly.
christopher@31: % #1 enables
christopher@31: FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.12" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2007/01/11" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {banner.message}
christopher@31: { is.print.banners.to.terminal
christopher@31:      { "-- IEEEtran.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
christopher@31:        " (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
christopher@31:        top$
christopher@31:        "-- " bst.file.website *
christopher@31:        top$
christopher@31:        "-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
christopher@31:        top$
christopher@31:      }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {completed.message}
christopher@31: { is.print.banners.to.terminal
christopher@31:      { ""
christopher@31:        top$
christopher@31:        "Done."
christopher@31:        top$
christopher@31:      }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% STRING CONSTANTS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
christopher@31: % is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
christopher@31: FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
christopher@31: % Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
christopher@31: % "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
christopher@31: % the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
christopher@31: % six dash long sequence.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
christopher@31: MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
christopher@31: MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
christopher@31: MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
christopher@31: MACRO {may} {"May"}
christopher@31: MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
christopher@31: MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
christopher@31: MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
christopher@31: MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
christopher@31: MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
christopher@31: MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
christopher@31: MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% ENTRY FIELDS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: ENTRY
christopher@31:   { address
christopher@31:     assignee
christopher@31:     author
christopher@31:     booktitle
christopher@31:     chapter
christopher@31:     day
christopher@31:     dayfiled
christopher@31:     edition
christopher@31:     editor
christopher@31:     howpublished
christopher@31:     institution
christopher@31:     intype
christopher@31:     journal
christopher@31:     key
christopher@31:     language
christopher@31:     month
christopher@31:     monthfiled
christopher@31:     nationality
christopher@31:     note
christopher@31:     number
christopher@31:     organization
christopher@31:     pages
christopher@31:     paper
christopher@31:     publisher
christopher@31:     school
christopher@31:     series
christopher@31:     revision
christopher@31:     title
christopher@31:     type
christopher@31:     url
christopher@31:     volume
christopher@31:     year
christopher@31:     yearfiled
christopher@31:     CTLuse_article_number
christopher@31:     CTLuse_paper
christopher@31:     CTLuse_forced_etal
christopher@31:     CTLmax_names_forced_etal
christopher@31:     CTLnames_show_etal
christopher@31:     CTLuse_alt_spacing
christopher@31:     CTLalt_stretch_factor
christopher@31:     CTLdash_repeated_names
christopher@31:     CTLname_format_string
christopher@31:     CTLname_latex_cmd
christopher@31:     CTLname_url_prefix
christopher@31:   }
christopher@31:   {}
christopher@31:   { label }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
christopher@31:            punct.no punct.comma punct.period 
christopher@31:            prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
christopher@31:            space.no space.normal space.large
christopher@31:            prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
christopher@31:            quote.no quote.close
christopher@31:            prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
christopher@31:            nline.no nline.newblock 
christopher@31:            status.cap cap.std
christopher@31:            cap.no cap.yes}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
christopher@31:            is.use.paper
christopher@31:            is.forced.et.al
christopher@31:            max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
christopher@31:            num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
christopher@31:            is.use.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:            is.dash.repeated.names}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% STRING VARIABLES %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: STRINGS { bibinfo
christopher@31:           longest.label
christopher@31:           oldname
christopher@31:           s
christopher@31:           t
christopher@31:           ALTinterwordstretchfactor
christopher@31:           name.format.string
christopher@31:           name.latex.cmd
christopher@31:           name.url.prefix}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
christopher@31: { default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
christopher@31:   default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
christopher@31:   default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:   default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:   default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:   default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
christopher@31:   default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
christopher@31:   default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
christopher@31:   default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
christopher@31:   default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
christopher@31:   default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
christopher@31: % controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
christopher@31: % newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
christopher@31: % or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
christopher@31: % possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
christopher@31: % multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
christopher@31: % vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all", 
christopher@31: % "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
christopher@31: % IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
christopher@31: % previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
christopher@31: % address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
christopher@31: % rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
christopher@31: % followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
christopher@31: % Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
christopher@31: % output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
christopher@31: % unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
christopher@31: % illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: %               CURRENT_ITEM
christopher@31: %               "PREVIOUS_ITEM
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: %               "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
christopher@31: % stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
christopher@31: % trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
christopher@31: % to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: %               "PREVIOUS_ITEM," 
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
christopher@31: % items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
christopher@31: % further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
christopher@31: % punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
christopher@31: % correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
christopher@31: % consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
christopher@31: % spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
christopher@31: % separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
christopher@31: % handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
christopher@31: % capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
christopher@31: % vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
christopher@31: % current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
christopher@31: % "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
christopher@31: % "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
christopher@31: % format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
christopher@31: % example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
christopher@31: % commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
christopher@31: % yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
christopher@31: % the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
christopher@31: % previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
christopher@31: % such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
christopher@31: % pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
christopher@31: % avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
christopher@31: % the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
christopher@31: %
christopher@31: % The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
christopher@31: % For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
christopher@31: % bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
christopher@31: % unbreakable space. 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
christopher@31: { #0 'punct.no :=
christopher@31:   #1 'punct.comma :=
christopher@31:   #2 'punct.period :=
christopher@31:   #0 'space.no := 
christopher@31:   #1 'space.normal :=
christopher@31:   #2 'space.large :=
christopher@31:   #0 'quote.no :=
christopher@31:   #1 'quote.close :=
christopher@31:   #0 'cap.no :=
christopher@31:   #1 'cap.yes :=
christopher@31:   #0 'nline.no :=
christopher@31:   #1 'nline.newblock :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
christopher@31: { punct.comma 'punct.std :=
christopher@31:   space.normal 'space.std :=
christopher@31:   quote.no 'quote.std :=
christopher@31:   nline.no 'nline.std :=
christopher@31:   cap.no 'cap.std :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
christopher@31: { punct.period 'punct.std :=
christopher@31:   space.normal 'space.std :=
christopher@31:   quote.no 'quote.std :=
christopher@31:   nline.no 'nline.std :=
christopher@31:   cap.yes 'cap.std :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
christopher@31: { punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
christopher@31:   space.no 'prev.status.space :=
christopher@31:   quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
christopher@31:   nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
christopher@31:   punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:   space.no 'this.status.space :=
christopher@31:   quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:   nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
christopher@31:   cap.yes 'status.cap :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {this.status.std}
christopher@31: { punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:   space.std 'this.status.space :=
christopher@31:   quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:   nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
christopher@31: { this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
christopher@31:   this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
christopher@31:   this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
christopher@31:   this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {not}
christopher@31: {   { #0 }
christopher@31:     { #1 }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {and}
christopher@31: {   { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { pop$ #0 }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {or}
christopher@31: {   { pop$ #1 }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
christopher@31: FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
christopher@31: { "l" change.case$ duplicate$
christopher@31:     "yes" =
christopher@31:     { pop$  #1 }
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ "no" =
christopher@31:         { pop$ #0 }
christopher@31:         { "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
christopher@31:           " in " * cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:           #0
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
christopher@31: % range of "0" to "9"
christopher@31: FUNCTION {is.num}
christopher@31: { chr.to.int$
christopher@31:   duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
christopher@31:   swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
christopher@31: { #0 'multiresult :=
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ #0 > }
christopher@31:     { #1 -
christopher@31:       multiresult #10 +
christopher@31:       'multiresult :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31: pop$
christopher@31: multiresult
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
christopher@31: FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ 
christopher@31:   is.num
christopher@31:     { chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
christopher@31:     {"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
christopher@31:           " in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:     #0
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % converts a string on the stack to an integer
christopher@31: FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
christopher@31:   #1 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:   #0 'numnames :=
christopher@31:     { nameptr namesleft > not }
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
christopher@31:       char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
christopher@31:       'numnames :=
christopher@31:       nameptr #1 +
christopher@31:       'nameptr :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31: pop$
christopher@31: numnames
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
christopher@31: % stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
christopher@31: % the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
christopher@31: % routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
christopher@31: % the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
christopher@31: % closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
christopher@31: % item.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
christopher@31: % remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
christopher@31: % an empty item.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
christopher@31: { swap$
christopher@31:   prev.status.punct punct.comma =
christopher@31:      { "," * }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31:   prev.status.punct punct.period =
christopher@31:      { add.period$ }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$ 
christopher@31:   prev.status.quote quote.close =
christopher@31:      { "''" * }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31:   prev.status.space space.normal =
christopher@31:      { " " * }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31:   prev.status.space space.large =
christopher@31:      { large.space * }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31:   write$
christopher@31:   prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
christopher@31:      { newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {output}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     'pop$
christopher@31:     'output.nonnull
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {output.warn}
christopher@31: { 't :=
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:     'output.nonnull
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
christopher@31: % (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {fin.entry}
christopher@31: { this.status.punct punct.no =
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:      { add.period$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31:    this.status.quote quote.close =
christopher@31:      { "''" * }
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: write$
christopher@31: newline$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
christopher@31: { duplicate$
christopher@31:    "}" * add.period$
christopher@31:    #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
christopher@31: { 't :=
christopher@31:   #0 'multiresult :=
christopher@31:     { multiresult not
christopher@31:       t empty$ not
christopher@31:       and
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { t #1 #1 substring$
christopher@31:       duplicate$ "-" =
christopher@31:       swap$ duplicate$ "," =
christopher@31:       swap$ "+" =
christopher@31:       or or
christopher@31:         { #1 'multiresult := }
christopher@31:         { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31:   multiresult
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {emphasize}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ "" }
christopher@31:     { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
christopher@31: { name.latex.cmd
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
christopher@31: % invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
christopher@31: % package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
christopher@31: % its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
christopher@31: % IEEEtran.cls).
christopher@31: FUNCTION {select.language}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
christopher@31:     { language empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:         { "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
christopher@31:     { "~" }
christopher@31:     { " " }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   swap$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
christopher@31: { editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ "" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {either.or.check}
christopher@31: { empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ }
christopher@31:     { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
christopher@31: { author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
christopher@31:   month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
christopher@31:   and and and and and and
christopher@31:     { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:     'skip$
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
christopher@31: % of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
christopher@31: % could be entered into the bibliography as:
christopher@31: % \bibinfo{volume}{2}
christopher@31: % Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
christopher@31: % could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
christopher@31: % a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
christopher@31: % currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
christopher@31: % entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
christopher@31: % themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
christopher@31: % 
christopher@31: % bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
christopher@31: % issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
christopher@31: % the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
christopher@31: % name string, in that order.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
christopher@31: { swap$ duplicate$ missing$
christopher@31:     { pop$ pop$ "" }
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { swap$ pop$ }
christopher@31:         { swap$ pop$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
christopher@31: { swap$ duplicate$ missing$
christopher@31:     { swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:         { swap$ pop$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
christopher@31: % three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups. 
christopher@31: % Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
christopher@31: % The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
christopher@31: % must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
christopher@31: % separation on the initial trigger).
christopher@31: FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % What is actually inserted between the number groups.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
christopher@31: % holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
christopher@31: % the number that will trigger an inserted space.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
christopher@31: { 't :=
christopher@31:   ""
christopher@31:   #0 'numnames :=
christopher@31:   large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:   { t empty$ not }
christopher@31:   { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
christopher@31:       { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
christopher@31:       { #0 'numnames := 
christopher@31:         large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:       }
christopher@31:     if$
christopher@31:     t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
christopher@31:     t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
christopher@31:     numnames nameptr =
christopher@31:       { duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
christopher@31:         nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
christopher@31:         large.number.separator swap$ * *
christopher@31:         nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
christopher@31:         large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:       }
christopher@31:       { skip$ }
christopher@31:     if$
christopher@31:   }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
christopher@31: FUNCTION {n.dashify}
christopher@31: { large.number.separate
christopher@31:   't :=
christopher@31:   ""
christopher@31:     { t empty$ not }
christopher@31:     { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
christopher@31:         { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
christopher@31:             { "--" *
christopher@31:               t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:             {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
christopher@31:                 { "-" *
christopher@31:                   t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
christopher@31:                 }
christopher@31:               while$
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { t #1 #1 substring$ *
christopher@31:           t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
christopher@31: % the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
christopher@31: % "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
christopher@31: FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
christopher@31: { 's :=
christopher@31:    oldname empty$
christopher@31:      { s 'oldname := s }
christopher@31:      { s oldname =
christopher@31:          { is.dash.repeated.names
christopher@31:               { repeated.name.dashes }
christopher@31:               { s 'oldname := s }
christopher@31:             if$
christopher@31:          }
christopher@31:          { s 'oldname := s }
christopher@31:        if$
christopher@31:      }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
christopher@31: % "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
christopher@31: % no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
christopher@31: % least significant digit always determines the ordinal form.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
christopher@31:      { bbl.st * }
christopher@31:      { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
christopher@31:          { bbl.nd * }
christopher@31:          { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
christopher@31:              { bbl.rd * }
christopher@31:              { bbl.th * }
christopher@31:            if$
christopher@31:          }
christopher@31:        if$
christopher@31:      }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
christopher@31: % (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
christopher@31: % it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
christopher@31: % extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
christopher@31: % to be scanned.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {extract.num}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ 't :=
christopher@31:   "" 's :=
christopher@31:   { t empty$ not }
christopher@31:   { t #1 #1 substring$
christopher@31:     t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
christopher@31:     duplicate$ is.num
christopher@31:       { s swap$ * 's := }
christopher@31:       { pop$ "" 't := }
christopher@31:     if$
christopher@31:   }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31:   s empty$
christopher@31:     'skip$
christopher@31:     { pop$ s }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
christopher@31: % Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
christopher@31: FUNCTION {word.to.num}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
christopher@31:   s "first" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "1" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "second" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "2" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "third" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "3" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "fourth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "4" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "fifth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "5" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "sixth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "6" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "seventh" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "7" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "eighth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "8" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "ninth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "9" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   s "tenth" =
christopher@31:     { pop$ "10" }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
christopher@31: % ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {convert.edition}
christopher@31: { duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
christopher@31:         { extract.num
christopher@31:           num.to.ordinal
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { word.to.num
christopher@31:           duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
christopher@31:             { num.to.ordinal }
christopher@31:             { "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
christopher@31:               " may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {start.entry}
christopher@31: { newline$
christopher@31:   "\bibitem{" write$
christopher@31:   cite$ write$
christopher@31:   "}" write$
christopher@31:   newline$
christopher@31:   ""
christopher@31:   initialize.prev.this.status
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
christopher@31: % code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
christopher@31: % foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
christopher@31: % gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
christopher@31: % Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
christopher@31: % the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
christopher@31: % \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {begin.bib}
christopher@31: { "% Generated by IEEEtran.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
christopher@31:   ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtran.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\else"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\fi"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "#2}}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31:   "\BIBdecl"
christopher@31:   write$ newline$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {end.bib}
christopher@31: { newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
christopher@31: { is.use.alt.interword.spacing 
christopher@31:      {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
christopher@31: { is.use.alt.interword.spacing 
christopher@31:      {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
christopher@31:      { skip$ }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% LONGEST LABEL PASS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
christopher@31: { "" 'longest.label :=
christopher@31:   #1 'number.label :=
christopher@31:   #0 'longest.label.width :=
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
christopher@31: { type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
christopher@31:       number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
christopher@31:       label width$ longest.label.width >
christopher@31:         { label 'longest.label :=
christopher@31:           label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% Lower Level Formats (used by higher level formats)
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.address.org.or.pub.date}
christopher@31: { 't :=
christopher@31:   ""
christopher@31:   year empty$
christopher@31:     { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   address empty$ t empty$ and
christopher@31:   year empty$ and month empty$ and
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:       address "address" bibinfo.check *
christopher@31:       t empty$
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:         { punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
christopher@31:           space.large 'prev.status.space :=
christopher@31:           address empty$
christopher@31:             { skip$ }
christopher@31:             { ": " * }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:           t *
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       year empty$ month empty$ and
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:         { t empty$ address empty$ and
christopher@31:             { skip$ }
christopher@31:             { ", " * }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:           month empty$
christopher@31:             { year empty$
christopher@31:                 { skip$ }
christopher@31:                 { year "year" bibinfo.check * }
christopher@31:               if$
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:             { month "month" bibinfo.check *
christopher@31:               year empty$
christopher@31:                  { skip$ }
christopher@31:                  { " " * year "year" bibinfo.check * }
christopher@31:               if$
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.names}
christopher@31: { 'bibinfo :=
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
christopher@31:   this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   's :=
christopher@31:   "" 't :=
christopher@31:   #1 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:   s num.names$ 'numnames :=
christopher@31:   numnames 'namesleft :=
christopher@31:     { namesleft #0 > }
christopher@31:     { s nameptr
christopher@31:       name.format.string
christopher@31:       format.name$
christopher@31:       bibinfo bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       't :=
christopher@31:       nameptr #1 >
christopher@31:         { nameptr num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al #1 + =
christopher@31:           numnames max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
christopher@31:           is.forced.et.al and and
christopher@31:             { "others" 't :=
christopher@31:               #1 'namesleft :=
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:             { skip$ }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:           namesleft #1 >
christopher@31:             { ", " * t do.name.latex.cmd * }
christopher@31:             { s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
christopher@31:                 { 't := }
christopher@31:                 { pop$ }
christopher@31:               if$
christopher@31:               t "others" =
christopher@31:                 { " " * bbl.etal emphasize * }
christopher@31:                 { numnames #2 >
christopher@31:                     { "," * }
christopher@31:                     { skip$ }
christopher@31:                   if$
christopher@31:                   bbl.and
christopher@31:                   space.word * t do.name.latex.cmd *
christopher@31:                 }
christopher@31:               if$
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { t do.name.latex.cmd }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
christopher@31:       namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   while$
christopher@31:   cap.status.std
christopher@31:   } if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% Higher Level Formats
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% addresses/locations
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.address}
christopher@31: { address duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% author/editor names
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.authors}{ author "author" format.names }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.editors}
christopher@31: { editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { ", " *
christopher@31:       get.bbl.editor
christopher@31:       capitalize
christopher@31:       *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% date
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.date}
christopher@31: {
christopher@31:   month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:   year  "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { swap$ 'skip$
christopher@31:         { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:           this.status.std
christopher@31:           cap.status.std
christopher@31:          "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:       swap$ 'skip$
christopher@31:         {
christopher@31:           swap$
christopher@31:           " " * swap$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.date.electronic}
christopher@31: { month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:   year  "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { swap$ 
christopher@31:         { pop$ }
christopher@31:         { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:         pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ *
christopher@31:         this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:         punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:         space.normal 'this.status.space :=
christopher@31:         quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:         cap.yes  'status.cap :=
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { swap$ 
christopher@31:         { swap$ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ * }
christopher@31:         { "(" swap$ * ", " * swap$ * ")" * }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:     punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:     space.normal 'this.status.space :=
christopher@31:     quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:     cap.yes  'status.cap :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% edition/title
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Note: IEEE considers the edition to be closely associated with
christopher@31: % the title of a book. So, in IEEEtran.bst the edition is normally handled 
christopher@31: % within the formatting of the title. The format.edition function is 
christopher@31: % retained here for possible future use.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.edition}
christopher@31: { edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       convert.edition
christopher@31:       status.cap
christopher@31:         { "t" }
christopher@31:         { "l" }
christopher@31:       if$ change.case$
christopher@31:       "edition" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       "~" * bbl.edition *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % This is used to format the booktitle of a conference proceedings.
christopher@31: % Here we use the "intype" field to provide the user a way to 
christopher@31: % override the word "in" (e.g., with things like "presented at")
christopher@31: % Use of intype stops the emphasis of the booktitle to indicate that
christopher@31: % we no longer mean the written conference proceedings, but the
christopher@31: % conference itself.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
christopher@31: { booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       intype missing$
christopher@31:         { emphasize
christopher@31:           bbl.in " " *
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { intype " " * }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       swap$ *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % This is used to format the booktitle of collection.
christopher@31: % Here the "intype" field is not supported, but "edition" is.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.edition}
christopher@31: { booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       emphasize
christopher@31:       edition empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:         { ", " *
christopher@31:           edition
christopher@31:           convert.edition
christopher@31:           "l" change.case$
christopher@31:           * "~" * bbl.edition *
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       bbl.in " " * swap$ *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.article.title}
christopher@31: { title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       "t" change.case$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   "title" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { quote.close 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:       is.last.char.not.punct
christopher@31:         { punct.std 'this.status.punct := }
christopher@31:         { punct.no 'this.status.punct := }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       "``" swap$ *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.article.title.electronic}
christopher@31: { title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:       "t" change.case$ 
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   "title" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 
christopher@31:     { skip$ } 
christopher@31:     { select.language }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.book.title.edition}
christopher@31: { title "title" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       emphasize
christopher@31:       edition empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:         { ", " *
christopher@31:           edition
christopher@31:           convert.edition
christopher@31:           status.cap
christopher@31:             { "t" }
christopher@31:             { "l" }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:           change.case$
christopher@31:           * "~" * bbl.edition *
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.book.title}
christopher@31: { title "title" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       emphasize
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% journal
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.journal}
christopher@31: { journal duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:       select.language
christopher@31:       emphasize
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% how published
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
christopher@31: { howpublished duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% institutions/organization/publishers/school
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.institution}
christopher@31: { institution duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.organization}
christopher@31: { organization duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date}
christopher@31: { publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.address.org.or.pub.date }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date.nowarn}
christopher@31: { publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.address.organization.date}
christopher@31: { organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.school}
christopher@31: { school duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% volume/number/series/chapter/pages
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.volume}
christopher@31: { volume empty.field.to.null.string
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       bbl.volume 
christopher@31:       status.cap
christopher@31:         { capitalize }
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
christopher@31:       "volume" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       * *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.number}
christopher@31: { number empty.field.to.null.string
christopher@31:   duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       status.cap
christopher@31:          { bbl.number capitalize }
christopher@31:          { bbl.number }
christopher@31:        if$
christopher@31:       swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
christopher@31:       "number" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       * *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.number.if.use.for.article}
christopher@31: { is.use.number.for.article 
christopher@31:      { format.number }
christopher@31:      { "" }
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % IEEE does not seem to tie the series so closely with the volume
christopher@31: % and number as is done in other bibliography styles. Instead the
christopher@31: % series is treated somewhat like an extension of the title.
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.series}
christopher@31: { series empty$ 
christopher@31:    { "" }
christopher@31:    { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:      this.status.std
christopher@31:      bbl.series " " *
christopher@31:      series "series" bibinfo.check *
christopher@31:      cap.status.std
christopher@31:    }
christopher@31:  if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.chapter}
christopher@31: { chapter empty$
christopher@31:     { "" }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       type empty$
christopher@31:         { bbl.chapter }
christopher@31:         { type "l" change.case$
christopher@31:           "type" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       chapter tie.or.space.prefix
christopher@31:       "chapter" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       * *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The intended use of format.paper is for paper numbers of inproceedings.
christopher@31: % The paper type can be overridden via the type field.
christopher@31: % We allow the type to be displayed even if the paper number is absent
christopher@31: % for things like "postdeadline paper"
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.paper}
christopher@31: { is.use.paper
christopher@31:      { paper empty$
christopher@31:         { type empty$
christopher@31:             { "" }
christopher@31:             { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:               this.status.std
christopher@31:               type "type" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:               cap.status.std
christopher@31:             }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:           this.status.std
christopher@31:           type empty$
christopher@31:             { bbl.paper }
christopher@31:             { type "type" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:           if$
christopher@31:           " " * paper
christopher@31:           "paper" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:           *
christopher@31:           cap.status.std
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:      }
christopher@31:      { "" } 
christopher@31:    if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.pages}
christopher@31: { pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       duplicate$ is.multiple.pages
christopher@31:         {
christopher@31:           bbl.pages swap$
christopher@31:           n.dashify
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:         {
christopher@31:           bbl.page swap$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       tie.or.space.prefix
christopher@31:       "pages" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       * *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% technical report number
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.tech.report.number}
christopher@31: { number "number" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:   this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   cap.status.std
christopher@31:   type duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ 
christopher@31:       bbl.techrep
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   "type" bibinfo.check 
christopher@31:   swap$ duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ }
christopher@31:     { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% note
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.note}
christopher@31: { note empty$
christopher@31:     { "" }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       punct.period 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:       note #1 #1 substring$
christopher@31:       duplicate$ "{" =
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:         { status.cap
christopher@31:           { "u" }
christopher@31:           { "l" }
christopher@31:         if$
christopher@31:         change.case$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       cap.yes  'status.cap :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% patent
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.patent.date}
christopher@31: { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   year empty$
christopher@31:     { monthfiled duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
christopher@31:         { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       dayfiled duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
christopher@31:         { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check 
christopher@31:           monthfiled empty$ 
christopher@31:              { "dayfiled without a monthfiled in " cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:                * 
christopher@31:              }
christopher@31:              { " " swap$ * * }
christopher@31:            if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       yearfiled empty$
christopher@31:         { "no year or yearfiled in " cite$ * warning$ }
christopher@31:         { yearfiled "yearfiled" bibinfo.check 
christopher@31:           swap$
christopher@31:           duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:              { pop$ }
christopher@31:              { ", " * swap$ * }
christopher@31:            if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { month duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { "month" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
christopher@31:         { "month" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       day duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { "day" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
christopher@31:         { "day" bibinfo.check 
christopher@31:           month empty$ 
christopher@31:              { "day without a month in " cite$ * warning$
christopher@31:                * 
christopher@31:              }
christopher@31:              { " " swap$ * * }
christopher@31:            if$
christopher@31:         }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       year "year" bibinfo.check 
christopher@31:       swap$
christopher@31:       duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { pop$ }
christopher@31:         { ", " * swap$ * }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   cap.status.std
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.patent.nationality.type.number}
christopher@31: { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   nationality duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { "nationality" bibinfo.warn pop$ "" }
christopher@31:     { "nationality" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       duplicate$ "l" change.case$ "united states" =
christopher@31:         { pop$ bbl.patentUS }
christopher@31:         { skip$ }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:       " " *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   type empty$
christopher@31:     { bbl.patent "type" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:     { type "type" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:   if$  
christopher@31:   *
christopher@31:   number duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { "number" bibinfo.warn pop$ }
christopher@31:     { "number" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       large.number.separate
christopher@31:       swap$ " " * swap$ *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$ 
christopher@31:   cap.status.std
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% standard
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.organization.institution.standard.type.number}
christopher@31: { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   organization duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { pop$ 
christopher@31:       institution duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:         { "institution" bibinfo.warn }
christopher@31:         { "institution" bibinfo.warn " " * }
christopher@31:       if$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { "organization" bibinfo.warn " " * }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   type empty$
christopher@31:     { bbl.standard "type" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:     { type "type" bibinfo.check }
christopher@31:   if$  
christopher@31:   *
christopher@31:   number duplicate$ empty$
christopher@31:     { "number" bibinfo.check pop$ }
christopher@31:     { "number" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       large.number.separate
christopher@31:       swap$ " " * swap$ *
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$ 
christopher@31:   cap.status.std
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.revision}
christopher@31: { revision empty$
christopher@31:     { "" }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       bbl.revision
christopher@31:       revision tie.or.space.prefix
christopher@31:       "revision" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:       * *
christopher@31:       cap.status.std
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% thesis
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.master.thesis.type}
christopher@31: { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   type empty$
christopher@31:     {
christopher@31:       bbl.mthesis
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { 
christopher@31:       type "type" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: cap.status.std
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.phd.thesis.type}
christopher@31: { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:   this.status.std
christopher@31:   type empty$
christopher@31:     {
christopher@31:       bbl.phdthesis
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { 
christopher@31:       type "type" bibinfo.check
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: cap.status.std
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% URL
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {format.url}
christopher@31: { url empty$
christopher@31:     { "" }
christopher@31:     { this.to.prev.status
christopher@31:       this.status.std
christopher@31:       cap.yes 'status.cap :=
christopher@31:       name.url.prefix " " *
christopher@31:       "\url{" * url * "}" *
christopher@31:       punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
christopher@31:       punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
christopher@31:       space.normal 'this.status.space :=
christopher@31:       space.normal 'prev.status.space :=
christopher@31:       quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% ENTRY HANDLERS %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % Note: In many journals, IEEE (or the authors) tend not to show the number
christopher@31: % for articles, so the display of the number is controlled here by the
christopher@31: % switch "is.use.number.for.article"
christopher@31: FUNCTION {article}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.journal "journal" bibinfo.check "journal" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number.if.use.for.article output
christopher@31:   format.pages output
christopher@31:   format.date "year" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {book}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   author empty$
christopher@31:     { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
christopher@31:     { format.authors output.nonnull }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title.edition output
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   author empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { format.editors output }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   format.address.publisher.date output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {booklet}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.date output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {electronic}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.period
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.date.electronic output
christopher@31:   format.article.title.electronic output
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   empty.entry.warn
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {inbook}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   author empty$
christopher@31:     { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
christopher@31:     { format.authors output.nonnull }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title.edition output
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   format.address.publisher.date output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   format.chapter output
christopher@31:   format.pages output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {incollection}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.in.booktitle.edition "booktitle" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   format.editors output
christopher@31:   format.address.publisher.date.nowarn output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   format.chapter output
christopher@31:   format.pages output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {inproceedings}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.in.booktitle "booktitle" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   format.editors output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   publisher empty$
christopher@31:     { format.address.organization.date output }
christopher@31:     { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:       format.address.publisher.date output
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   format.paper output
christopher@31:   format.pages output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {manual}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title.edition "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
christopher@31:   format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.date output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.master.thesis.type output.nonnull
christopher@31:   format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.date "year" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {misc}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title output
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
christopher@31:   format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.pages output
christopher@31:   format.date output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   empty.entry.warn
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {patent}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title output
christopher@31:   format.patent.nationality.type.number output
christopher@31:   format.patent.date output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   empty.entry.warn
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {periodical}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.editors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.date "year" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {phdthesis}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.phd.thesis.type output.nonnull
christopher@31:   format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.date "year" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {proceedings}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.editors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.series output
christopher@31:   format.volume output
christopher@31:   format.number output
christopher@31:   publisher empty$
christopher@31:     { format.address.organization.date output }
christopher@31:     { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:       format.address.publisher.date output
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {standard}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors output
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.book.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
christopher@31:   format.organization.institution.standard.type.number output
christopher@31:   format.revision output
christopher@31:   format.date output
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {techreport}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output 
christopher@31:   format.institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
christopher@31:   format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
christopher@31:   format.tech.report.number output.nonnull
christopher@31:   format.date "year" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.note output
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: FUNCTION {unpublished}
christopher@31: { std.status.using.comma
christopher@31:   start.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.alt.interword.spacing
christopher@31:   format.authors "author" output.warn
christopher@31:   name.or.dash
christopher@31:   format.article.title "title" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.date output
christopher@31:   format.note "note" output.warn
christopher@31:   format.url output
christopher@31:   fin.entry
christopher@31:   if.url.std.interword.spacing
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: % The special entry type which provides the user interface to the
christopher@31: % BST controls
christopher@31: FUNCTION {IEEEtranBSTCTL}
christopher@31: { is.print.banners.to.terminal
christopher@31:     { "** IEEEtran BST control entry " quote$ * cite$ * quote$ * " detected." *
christopher@31:       top$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLuse_article_number
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLuse_article_number
christopher@31:       yes.no.to.int
christopher@31:       'is.use.number.for.article :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLuse_paper
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLuse_paper
christopher@31:       yes.no.to.int
christopher@31:       'is.use.paper :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLuse_forced_etal
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLuse_forced_etal
christopher@31:       yes.no.to.int
christopher@31:       'is.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLmax_names_forced_etal
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLmax_names_forced_etal
christopher@31:       string.to.integer
christopher@31:       'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLnames_show_etal
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLnames_show_etal
christopher@31:       string.to.integer
christopher@31:       'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLuse_alt_spacing
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLuse_alt_spacing
christopher@31:       yes.no.to.int
christopher@31:       'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLalt_stretch_factor
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLalt_stretch_factor
christopher@31:       'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
christopher@31:       "\renewcommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
christopher@31:       ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
christopher@31:       write$ newline$
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLdash_repeated_names
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLdash_repeated_names
christopher@31:       yes.no.to.int
christopher@31:       'is.dash.repeated.names :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLname_format_string
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLname_format_string
christopher@31:       'name.format.string :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLname_latex_cmd
christopher@31:   empty$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLname_latex_cmd
christopher@31:       'name.latex.cmd :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31:   CTLname_url_prefix
christopher@31:   missing$
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:     { CTLname_url_prefix
christopher@31:       'name.url.prefix :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31:   num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
christopher@31:     { "CTLnames_show_etal cannot be greater than CTLmax_names_forced_etal in " cite$ * warning$ 
christopher@31:       max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
christopher@31:     }
christopher@31:     { skip$ }
christopher@31:   if$
christopher@31: }
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% ENTRY ALIASES %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: FUNCTION {conference}{inproceedings}
christopher@31: FUNCTION {online}{electronic}
christopher@31: FUNCTION {internet}{electronic}
christopher@31: FUNCTION {webpage}{electronic}
christopher@31: FUNCTION {www}{electronic}
christopher@31: FUNCTION {default.type}{misc}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: %% MAIN PROGRAM %%
christopher@31: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: READ
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: EXECUTE {initialize.controls}
christopher@31: EXECUTE {initialize.status.constants}
christopher@31: EXECUTE {banner.message}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
christopher@31: ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: EXECUTE {begin.bib}
christopher@31: ITERATE {call.type$}
christopher@31: EXECUTE {end.bib}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: EXECUTE{completed.message}
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: 
christopher@31: %% That's all folks, mds.