christopher@6: """ 
christopher@6: midi.py -- MIDI classes and parser in Python 
christopher@6: Placed into the public domain in December 2001 by Will Ware 
christopher@6: Python MIDI classes: meaningful data structures that represent MIDI 
christopher@6: events and other objects. You can read MIDI files to create such objects, or 
christopher@6: generate a collection of objects and use them to write a MIDI file. 
christopher@6: Helpful MIDI info: 
christopher@6: http://crystal.apana.org.au/ghansper/midi_introduction/midi_file_form... 
christopher@6: http://www.argonet.co.uk/users/lenny/midi/mfile.html 
christopher@6: """ 
christopher@6: import sys, string, types, exceptions 
christopher@6: debugflag = 0 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: def showstr(str, n=16): 
christopher@6:     for x in str[:n]: 
christopher@6:         print ('%02x' % ord(x)), 
christopher@6:     print
christopher@6:      
christopher@6: def getNumber(str, length): 
christopher@6:     # MIDI uses big-endian for everything 
christopher@6:     sum = 0 
christopher@6:     for i in range(length): 
christopher@6:         sum = (sum << 8) + ord(str[i]) 
christopher@6:     return sum, str[length:]
christopher@6:  
christopher@6: def getVariableLengthNumber(str): 
christopher@6:     sum = 0 
christopher@6:     i = 0 
christopher@6:     while 1: 
christopher@6:         x = ord(str[i]) 
christopher@6:         i = i + 1 
christopher@6:         sum = (sum << 7) + (x & 0x7F) 
christopher@6:         if not (x & 0x80): 
christopher@6:             return sum, str[i:] 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: def putNumber(num, length): 
christopher@6:     # MIDI uses big-endian for everything 
christopher@6:     lst = [ ] 
christopher@6:     for i in range(length): 
christopher@6:         n = 8 * (length - 1 - i) 
christopher@6:         lst.append(chr((num >> n) & 0xFF)) 
christopher@6:     return string.join(lst, "") 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: def putVariableLengthNumber(x): 
christopher@6:     lst = [ ] 
christopher@6:     while 1: 
christopher@6:         y, x = x & 0x7F, x >> 7 
christopher@6:         lst.append(chr(y + 0x80)) 
christopher@6:         if x == 0: 
christopher@6:             break 
christopher@6:     lst.reverse() 
christopher@6:     lst[-1] = chr(ord(lst[-1]) & 0x7f) 
christopher@6:     return string.join(lst, "") 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class EnumException(exceptions.Exception): 
christopher@6:     pass 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class Enumeration: 
christopher@6:     def __init__(self, enumList): 
christopher@6:         lookup = { } 
christopher@6:         reverseLookup = { } 
christopher@6:         i = 0 
christopher@6:         uniqueNames = [ ] 
christopher@6:         uniqueValues = [ ] 
christopher@6:         for x in enumList: 
christopher@6:             if type(x) == types.TupleType: 
christopher@6:                 x, i = x 
christopher@6:             if type(x) != types.StringType: 
christopher@6:                 raise EnumException, "enum name is not a string: " + x 
christopher@6:             if type(i) != types.IntType: 
christopher@6:                 raise EnumException, "enum value is not an integer: " + i 
christopher@6:             if x in uniqueNames: 
christopher@6:                 raise EnumException, "enum name is not unique: " + x 
christopher@6:             if i in uniqueValues: 
christopher@6:                 raise EnumException, "enum value is not unique for " + x 
christopher@6:             uniqueNames.append(x) 
christopher@6:             uniqueValues.append(i) 
christopher@6:             lookup[x] = i 
christopher@6:             reverseLookup[i] = x 
christopher@6:             i = i + 1 
christopher@6:         self.lookup = lookup 
christopher@6:         self.reverseLookup = reverseLookup 
christopher@6:     def __add__(self, other): 
christopher@6:         lst = [ ] 
christopher@6:         for k in self.lookup.keys(): 
christopher@6:             lst.append((k, self.lookup[k])) 
christopher@6:         for k in other.lookup.keys(): 
christopher@6:             lst.append((k, other.lookup[k])) 
christopher@6:         return Enumeration(lst) 
christopher@6:     def hasattr(self, attr): 
christopher@6:         return self.lookup.has_key(attr) 
christopher@6:     def has_value(self, attr): 
christopher@6:         return self.reverseLookup.has_key(attr) 
christopher@6:     def __getattr__(self, attr): 
christopher@6:         if not self.lookup.has_key(attr): 
christopher@6:             raise AttributeError 
christopher@6:         return self.lookup[attr] 
christopher@6:     def whatis(self, value): 
christopher@6:         return self.reverseLookup[value] 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: channelVoiceMessages = Enumeration([("NOTE_OFF", 0x80), 
christopher@6:                                     ("NOTE_ON", 0x90), 
christopher@6:                                     ("POLYPHONIC_KEY_PRESSURE", 0xA0), 
christopher@6:                                     ("CONTROLLER_CHANGE", 0xB0), 
christopher@6:                                     ("PROGRAM_CHANGE", 0xC0), 
christopher@6:                                     ("CHANNEL_KEY_PRESSURE", 0xD0), 
christopher@6:                                     ("PITCH_BEND", 0xE0)]) 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: channelModeMessages = Enumeration([("ALL_SOUND_OFF", 0x78), 
christopher@6:                                    ("RESET_ALL_CONTROLLERS", 0x79), 
christopher@6:                                    ("LOCAL_CONTROL", 0x7A), 
christopher@6:                                    ("ALL_NOTES_OFF", 0x7B), 
christopher@6:                                    ("OMNI_MODE_OFF", 0x7C), 
christopher@6:                                    ("OMNI_MODE_ON", 0x7D), 
christopher@6:                                    ("MONO_MODE_ON", 0x7E), 
christopher@6:                                    ("POLY_MODE_ON", 0x7F)]) 
christopher@6: metaEvents = Enumeration([("SEQUENCE_NUMBER", 0x00), 
christopher@6:                           ("TEXT_EVENT", 0x01), 
christopher@6:                           ("COPYRIGHT_NOTICE", 0x02), 
christopher@6:                           ("SEQUENCE_TRACK_NAME", 0x03), 
christopher@6:                           ("INSTRUMENT_NAME", 0x04), 
christopher@6:                           ("LYRIC", 0x05), 
christopher@6:                           ("MARKER", 0x06), 
christopher@6:                           ("CUE_POINT", 0x07), 
christopher@6:                           ("MIDI_CHANNEL_PREFIX", 0x20), 
christopher@6:                           ("MIDI_PORT", 0x21), 
christopher@6:                           ("END_OF_TRACK", 0x2F), 
christopher@6:                           ("SET_TEMPO", 0x51), 
christopher@6:                           ("SMTPE_OFFSET", 0x54), 
christopher@6:                           ("TIME_SIGNATURE", 0x58), 
christopher@6:                           ("KEY_SIGNATURE", 0x59), 
christopher@6:                           ("SEQUENCER_SPECIFIC_META_EVENT", 0x7F)]) 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: # runningStatus appears to want to be an attribute of a MidiTrack. But 
christopher@6: # it doesn't seem to do any harm to implement it as a global. 
christopher@6: runningStatus = None 
christopher@6: class MidiEvent: 
christopher@6:     def __init__(self, track): 
christopher@6:         self.track = track 
christopher@6:         self.time = None 
christopher@6:         self.channel = self.pitch = self.velocity = self.data = None 
christopher@6:     def __cmp__(self, other): 
christopher@6:         # assert self.time != None and other.time != None 
christopher@6:         return cmp(self.time, other.time) 
christopher@6:     def __repr__(self): 
christopher@6:         r = ("<MidiEvent %s, t=%s, track=%s, channel=%s" % 
christopher@6:              (self.type, 
christopher@6:               repr(self.time), 
christopher@6:               self.track.index, 
christopher@6:               repr(self.channel))) 
christopher@6:         for attrib in ["pitch", "data", "velocity"]: 
christopher@6:             if getattr(self, attrib) != None: 
christopher@6:                 r = r + ", " + attrib + "=" + repr(getattr(self, attrib)) 
christopher@6:         return r + ">" 
christopher@6:     def read(self, time, str): 
christopher@6:         global runningStatus 
christopher@6:         self.time = time 
christopher@6:         # do we need to use running status? 
christopher@6:         if not (ord(str[0]) & 0x80): 
christopher@6:             str = runningStatus + str 
christopher@6:         runningStatus = x = str[0] 
christopher@6:         x = ord(x) 
christopher@6:         y = x & 0xF0 
christopher@6:         z = ord(str[1]) 
christopher@6:         if channelVoiceMessages.has_value(y): 
christopher@6:             self.channel = (x & 0x0F) + 1 
christopher@6:             self.type = channelVoiceMessages.whatis(y) 
christopher@6:             if (self.type == "PROGRAM_CHANGE" or 
christopher@6:                 self.type == "CHANNEL_KEY_PRESSURE"): 
christopher@6:                 self.data = z 
christopher@6:                 return str[2:] 
christopher@6:             else: 
christopher@6:                 self.pitch = z 
christopher@6:                 self.velocity = ord(str[2]) 
christopher@6:                 channel = self.track.channels[self.channel - 1] 
christopher@6:                 if (self.type == "NOTE_OFF" or 
christopher@6:                     (self.velocity == 0 and self.type == "NOTE_ON")): 
christopher@6:                     channel.noteOff(self.pitch, self.time) 
christopher@6:                 elif self.type == "NOTE_ON": 
christopher@6:                     channel.noteOn(self.pitch, self.time, self.velocity) 
christopher@6:                 return str[3:] 
christopher@6:         elif y == 0xB0 and channelModeMessages.has_value(z): 
christopher@6:             self.channel = (x & 0x0F) + 1 
christopher@6:             self.type = channelModeMessages.whatis(z) 
christopher@6:             if self.type == "LOCAL_CONTROL": 
christopher@6:                 self.data = (ord(str[2]) == 0x7F) 
christopher@6:             elif self.type == "MONO_MODE_ON": 
christopher@6:                 self.data = ord(str[2]) 
christopher@6:             return str[3:] 
christopher@6:         elif x == 0xF0 or x == 0xF7: 
christopher@6:             self.type = {0xF0: "F0_SYSEX_EVENT", 
christopher@6:                          0xF7: "F7_SYSEX_EVENT"}[x] 
christopher@6:             length, str = getVariableLengthNumber(str[1:]) 
christopher@6:             self.data = str[:length] 
christopher@6:             return str[length:] 
christopher@6:         elif x == 0xFF: 
christopher@6:             if not metaEvents.has_value(z): 
christopher@6:                 print "Unknown meta event: FF %02X" % z 
christopher@6:                 sys.stdout.flush() 
christopher@6:                 raise "Unknown midi event type" 
christopher@6:             self.type = metaEvents.whatis(z) 
christopher@6:             length, str = getVariableLengthNumber(str[2:]) 
christopher@6:             self.data = str[:length] 
christopher@6:             return str[length:] 
christopher@6:         raise "Unknown midi event type" 
christopher@6:     def write(self): 
christopher@6:         sysex_event_dict = {"F0_SYSEX_EVENT": 0xF0, 
christopher@6:                             "F7_SYSEX_EVENT": 0xF7} 
christopher@6:         if channelVoiceMessages.hasattr(self.type): 
christopher@6:             x = chr((self.channel - 1) + 
christopher@6:                     getattr(channelVoiceMessages, self.type)) 
christopher@6:             if (self.type != "PROGRAM_CHANGE" and 
christopher@6:                 self.type != "CHANNEL_KEY_PRESSURE"): 
christopher@6:                 data = chr(self.pitch) + chr(self.velocity) 
christopher@6:             else: 
christopher@6:                 data = chr(self.data) 
christopher@6:             return x + data 
christopher@6:         elif channelModeMessages.hasattr(self.type): 
christopher@6:             x = getattr(channelModeMessages, self.type) 
christopher@6:             x = (chr(0xB0 + (self.channel - 1)) + 
christopher@6:                  chr(x) + 
christopher@6:                  chr(self.data)) 
christopher@6:             return x 
christopher@6:         elif sysex_event_dict.has_key(self.type): 
christopher@6:             str = chr(sysex_event_dict[self.type]) 
christopher@6:             str = str + putVariableLengthNumber(len(self.data)) 
christopher@6:             return str + self.data 
christopher@6:         elif metaEvents.hasattr(self.type): 
christopher@6:             str = chr(0xFF) + chr(getattr(metaEvents, self.type)) 
christopher@6:             str = str + putVariableLengthNumber(len(self.data)) 
christopher@6:             return str + self.data 
christopher@6:         else: 
christopher@6:             raise "unknown midi event type: " + self.type 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: """ 
christopher@6: register_note() is a hook that can be overloaded from a script that 
christopher@6: imports this module. Here is how you might do that, if you wanted to 
christopher@6: store the notes as tuples in a list. Including the distinction 
christopher@6: between track and channel offers more flexibility in assigning voices. 
christopher@6: import midi 
christopher@6: notelist = [ ] 
christopher@6: def register_note(t, c, p, v, t1, t2): 
christopher@6:     notelist.append((t, c, p, v, t1, t2)) 
christopher@6: midi.register_note = register_note 
christopher@6: """ 
christopher@6: def register_note(track_index, channel_index, pitch, velocity, 
christopher@6:                   keyDownTime, keyUpTime): 
christopher@6:     pass 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class MidiChannel: 
christopher@6:     """A channel (together with a track) provides the continuity connecting 
christopher@6:     a NOTE_ON event with its corresponding NOTE_OFF event. Together, those 
christopher@6:     define the beginning and ending times for a Note.""" 
christopher@6:     def __init__(self, track, index): 
christopher@6:         self.index = index 
christopher@6:         self.track = track 
christopher@6:         self.pitches = { } 
christopher@6:     def __repr__(self): 
christopher@6:         return "<MIDI channel %d>" % self.index 
christopher@6:     def noteOn(self, pitch, time, velocity): 
christopher@6:         self.pitches[pitch] = (time, velocity) 
christopher@6:     def noteOff(self, pitch, time): 
christopher@6:         if self.pitches.has_key(pitch): 
christopher@6:             keyDownTime, velocity = self.pitches[pitch] 
christopher@6:             register_note(self.track.index, self.index, pitch, velocity, 
christopher@6:                           keyDownTime, time) 
christopher@6:             del self.pitches[pitch] 
christopher@6:         # The case where the pitch isn't in the dictionary is illegal, 
christopher@6:         # I think, but we probably better just ignore it. 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class DeltaTime(MidiEvent): 
christopher@6:     type = "DeltaTime" 
christopher@6:     def read(self, oldstr): 
christopher@6:         self.time, newstr = getVariableLengthNumber(oldstr) 
christopher@6:         return self.time, newstr 
christopher@6:     def write(self): 
christopher@6:         str = putVariableLengthNumber(self.time) 
christopher@6:         return str 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class MidiTrack: 
christopher@6:     def __init__(self, index): 
christopher@6:         self.index = index 
christopher@6:         self.events = [ ] 
christopher@6:         self.channels = [ ] 
christopher@6:         self.length = 0 
christopher@6:         for i in range(16): 
christopher@6:             self.channels.append(MidiChannel(self, i+1)) 
christopher@6:     def read(self, str): 
christopher@6:         time = 0 
christopher@6:         assert str[:4] == "MTrk" 
christopher@6:         length, str = getNumber(str[4:], 4) 
christopher@6:         self.length = length 
christopher@6:         mystr = str[:length] 
christopher@6:         remainder = str[length:] 
christopher@6:         while mystr: 
christopher@6:             delta_t = DeltaTime(self) 
christopher@6:             dt, mystr = delta_t.read(mystr) 
christopher@6:             time = time + dt 
christopher@6:             self.events.append(delta_t) 
christopher@6:             e = MidiEvent(self) 
christopher@6:             mystr = e.read(time, mystr) 
christopher@6:             self.events.append(e) 
christopher@6:         return remainder 
christopher@6:     def write(self): 
christopher@6:         time = self.events[0].time 
christopher@6:         # build str using MidiEvents 
christopher@6:         str = "" 
christopher@6:         for e in self.events: 
christopher@6:             str = str + e.write() 
christopher@6:         return "MTrk" + putNumber(len(str), 4) + str 
christopher@6:     def __repr__(self): 
christopher@6:         r = "<MidiTrack %d -- %d events\n" % (self.index, len(self.events)) 
christopher@6:         for e in self.events: 
christopher@6:             r = r + "    " + `e` + "\n" 
christopher@6:         return r + "  >" 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: class MidiFile: 
christopher@6:     def __init__(self): 
christopher@6:         self.file = None 
christopher@6:         self.format = 1 
christopher@6:         self.tracks = [ ] 
christopher@6:         self.ticksPerQuarterNote = None 
christopher@6:         self.ticksPerSecond = None 
christopher@6:     def open(self, filename, attrib="rb"): 
christopher@6:         if filename == None: 
christopher@6:             if attrib in ["r", "rb"]: 
christopher@6:                 self.file = sys.stdin 
christopher@6:             else: 
christopher@6:                 self.file = sys.stdout 
christopher@6:         else: 
christopher@6:             self.file = open(filename, attrib) 
christopher@6:     def __repr__(self): 
christopher@6:         r = "<MidiFile %d tracks\n" % len(self.tracks) 
christopher@6:         for t in self.tracks: 
christopher@6:             r = r + "  " + `t` + "\n" 
christopher@6:         return r + ">" 
christopher@6:     def close(self): 
christopher@6:         self.file.close() 
christopher@6:     def read(self): 
christopher@6:         self.readstr(self.file.read()) 
christopher@6:     def readstr(self, str): 
christopher@6:         assert str[:4] == "MThd" 
christopher@6:         length, str = getNumber(str[4:], 4) 
christopher@6:         assert length == 6 
christopher@6:         format, str = getNumber(str, 2) 
christopher@6:         self.format = format 
christopher@6:         assert format == 0 or format == 1   # dunno how to handle 2 
christopher@6:         numTracks, str = getNumber(str, 2) 
christopher@6:         division, str = getNumber(str, 2) 
christopher@6:         if division & 0x8000: 
christopher@6:             framesPerSecond = -((division >> 8) | -128) 
christopher@6:             ticksPerFrame = division & 0xFF 
christopher@6:             assert ticksPerFrame == 24 or ticksPerFrame == 25 or \
christopher@6:                    ticksPerFrame == 29 or ticksPerFrame == 30 
christopher@6:             if ticksPerFrame == 29: ticksPerFrame = 30  # drop frame 
christopher@6:             self.ticksPerSecond = ticksPerFrame * framesPerSecond 
christopher@6:         else: 
christopher@6:             self.ticksPerQuarterNote = division & 0x7FFF 
christopher@6:         for i in range(numTracks): 
christopher@6:             trk = MidiTrack(i) 
christopher@6:             str = trk.read(str) 
christopher@6:             self.tracks.append(trk) 
christopher@6:     def write(self): 
christopher@6:         self.file.write(self.writestr()) 
christopher@6:     def writestr(self): 
christopher@6:         division = self.ticksPerQuarterNote 
christopher@6:         # Don't handle ticksPerSecond yet, too confusing 
christopher@6:         assert (division & 0x8000) == 0 
christopher@6:         str = "MThd" + putNumber(6, 4) + putNumber(self.format, 2) 
christopher@6:         str = str + putNumber(len(self.tracks), 2) 
christopher@6:         str = str + putNumber(division, 2) 
christopher@6:         for trk in self.tracks: 
christopher@6:             str = str + trk.write() 
christopher@6:         return str 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: def main(argv): 
christopher@6:     global debugflag 
christopher@6:     import getopt 
christopher@6:     infile = None 
christopher@6:     outfile = None 
christopher@6:     printflag = 0 
christopher@6:     optlist, args = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], "i:o:pd") 
christopher@6:     for (option, value) in optlist: 
christopher@6:         if option == '-i': 
christopher@6:             infile = value 
christopher@6:         elif option == '-o': 
christopher@6:             outfile = value 
christopher@6:         elif option == '-p': 
christopher@6:             printflag = 1 
christopher@6:         elif option == '-d': 
christopher@6:             debugflag = 1 
christopher@6:     m = MidiFile() 
christopher@6:     m.open(infile) 
christopher@6:     m.read() 
christopher@6:     m.close()
christopher@6:     if printflag: 
christopher@6:         print m 
christopher@6:     else: 
christopher@6:         m.open(outfile, "wb") 
christopher@6:         m.write() 
christopher@6:         m.close() 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: if __name__ == "__main__": 
christopher@6:     main(sys.argv) 
christopher@6: 
christopher@6: