cannam@124: /** @file paex_ocean_shore.c
cannam@124: @ingroup examples_src
cannam@124: @brief Generate Pink Noise using Gardner method, and make "waves". Provides an example of how to
cannam@124: post stuff to/from the audio callback using lock-free FIFOs implemented by the PA ringbuffer.
cannam@124:
cannam@124: Optimization suggested by James McCartney uses a tree
cannam@124: to select which random value to replace.
cannam@124:
cannam@124: x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
cannam@124: x x x x x x x x
cannam@124: x x x x
cannam@124: x x
cannam@124: x
cannam@124:
cannam@124: Tree is generated by counting trailing zeros in an increasing index.
cannam@124: When the index is zero, no random number is selected.
cannam@124:
cannam@124: @author Phil Burk http://www.softsynth.com
cannam@124: Robert Bielik
cannam@124: */
cannam@124: /*
cannam@124: * $Id: paex_ocean_shore.c 1816 2012-02-22 12:20:26Z robiwan $
cannam@124: *
cannam@124: * This program uses the PortAudio Portable Audio Library.
cannam@124: * For more information see: http://www.portaudio.com
cannam@124: * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Ross Bencina and Phil Burk
cannam@124: *
cannam@124: * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
cannam@124: * a copy of this software and associated documentation files
cannam@124: * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
cannam@124: * including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
cannam@124: * publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
cannam@124: * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
cannam@124: * subject to the following conditions:
cannam@124: *
cannam@124: * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
cannam@124: * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
cannam@124: *
cannam@124: * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
cannam@124: * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
cannam@124: * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
cannam@124: * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR
cannam@124: * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
cannam@124: * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
cannam@124: * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
cannam@124: */
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /*
cannam@124: * The text above constitutes the entire PortAudio license; however,
cannam@124: * the PortAudio community also makes the following non-binding requests:
cannam@124: *
cannam@124: * Any person wishing to distribute modifications to the Software is
cannam@124: * requested to send the modifications to the original developer so that
cannam@124: * they can be incorporated into the canonical version. It is also
cannam@124: * requested that these non-binding requests be included along with the
cannam@124: * license above.
cannam@124: */
cannam@124:
cannam@124: #include
cannam@124: #include
cannam@124: #include
cannam@124: #include
cannam@124: #include
cannam@124:
cannam@124: #include "portaudio.h"
cannam@124: #include "pa_ringbuffer.h"
cannam@124: #include "pa_util.h"
cannam@124:
cannam@124: #define PINK_MAX_RANDOM_ROWS (30)
cannam@124: #define PINK_RANDOM_BITS (24)
cannam@124: #define PINK_RANDOM_SHIFT ((sizeof(long)*8)-PINK_RANDOM_BITS)
cannam@124:
cannam@124: typedef struct
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: long pink_Rows[PINK_MAX_RANDOM_ROWS];
cannam@124: long pink_RunningSum; /* Used to optimize summing of generators. */
cannam@124: int pink_Index; /* Incremented each sample. */
cannam@124: int pink_IndexMask; /* Index wrapped by ANDing with this mask. */
cannam@124: float pink_Scalar; /* Used to scale within range of -1.0 to +1.0 */
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: PinkNoise;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: typedef struct
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: float bq_b0;
cannam@124: float bq_b1;
cannam@124: float bq_b2;
cannam@124: float bq_a1;
cannam@124: float bq_a2;
cannam@124: } BiQuad;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: typedef enum
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: State_kAttack,
cannam@124: State_kPreDecay,
cannam@124: State_kDecay,
cannam@124: State_kCnt,
cannam@124: } EnvState;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: typedef struct
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: PinkNoise wave_left;
cannam@124: PinkNoise wave_right;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: BiQuad wave_bq_coeffs;
cannam@124: float wave_bq_left[2];
cannam@124: float wave_bq_right[2];
cannam@124:
cannam@124: EnvState wave_envelope_state;
cannam@124: float wave_envelope_level;
cannam@124: float wave_envelope_max_level;
cannam@124: float wave_pan_left;
cannam@124: float wave_pan_right;
cannam@124: float wave_attack_incr;
cannam@124: float wave_decay_incr;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: } OceanWave;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Prototypes */
cannam@124: static unsigned long GenerateRandomNumber( void );
cannam@124: void InitializePinkNoise( PinkNoise *pink, int numRows );
cannam@124: float GeneratePinkNoise( PinkNoise *pink );
cannam@124: unsigned GenerateWave( OceanWave* wave, float* output, unsigned noOfFrames);
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /************************************************************/
cannam@124: /* Calculate pseudo-random 32 bit number based on linear congruential method. */
cannam@124: static unsigned long GenerateRandomNumber( void )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* Change this seed for different random sequences. */
cannam@124: static unsigned long randSeed = 22222;
cannam@124: randSeed = (randSeed * 196314165) + 907633515;
cannam@124: return randSeed;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /************************************************************/
cannam@124: /* Setup PinkNoise structure for N rows of generators. */
cannam@124: void InitializePinkNoise( PinkNoise *pink, int numRows )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: int i;
cannam@124: long pmax;
cannam@124: pink->pink_Index = 0;
cannam@124: pink->pink_IndexMask = (1<pink_Scalar = 1.0f / pmax;
cannam@124: /* Initialize rows. */
cannam@124: for( i=0; ipink_Rows[i] = 0;
cannam@124: pink->pink_RunningSum = 0;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Generate Pink noise values between -1.0 and +1.0 */
cannam@124: float GeneratePinkNoise( PinkNoise *pink )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: long newRandom;
cannam@124: long sum;
cannam@124: float output;
cannam@124: /* Increment and mask index. */
cannam@124: pink->pink_Index = (pink->pink_Index + 1) & pink->pink_IndexMask;
cannam@124: /* If index is zero, don't update any random values. */
cannam@124: if( pink->pink_Index != 0 )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* Determine how many trailing zeros in PinkIndex. */
cannam@124: /* This algorithm will hang if n==0 so test first. */
cannam@124: int numZeros = 0;
cannam@124: int n = pink->pink_Index;
cannam@124: while( (n & 1) == 0 )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: n = n >> 1;
cannam@124: numZeros++;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: /* Replace the indexed ROWS random value.
cannam@124: * Subtract and add back to RunningSum instead of adding all the random
cannam@124: * values together. Only one changes each time.
cannam@124: */
cannam@124: pink->pink_RunningSum -= pink->pink_Rows[numZeros];
cannam@124: newRandom = ((long)GenerateRandomNumber()) >> PINK_RANDOM_SHIFT;
cannam@124: pink->pink_RunningSum += newRandom;
cannam@124: pink->pink_Rows[numZeros] = newRandom;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Add extra white noise value. */
cannam@124: newRandom = ((long)GenerateRandomNumber()) >> PINK_RANDOM_SHIFT;
cannam@124: sum = pink->pink_RunningSum + newRandom;
cannam@124: /* Scale to range of -1.0 to 0.9999. */
cannam@124: output = pink->pink_Scalar * sum;
cannam@124: return output;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: float ProcessBiquad(const BiQuad* coeffs, float* memory, float input)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: float w = input - coeffs->bq_a1 * memory[0] - coeffs->bq_a2 * memory[1];
cannam@124: float out = coeffs->bq_b1 * memory[0] + coeffs->bq_b2 * memory[1] + coeffs->bq_b0 * w;
cannam@124: memory[1] = memory[0];
cannam@124: memory[0] = w;
cannam@124: return out;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: static const float one_over_2Q_LP = 0.3f;
cannam@124: static const float one_over_2Q_HP = 1.0f;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: unsigned GenerateWave( OceanWave* wave, float* output, unsigned noOfFrames )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: unsigned retval=0,i;
cannam@124: float targetLevel, levelIncr, currentLevel;
cannam@124: switch (wave->wave_envelope_state)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: case State_kAttack:
cannam@124: targetLevel = noOfFrames * wave->wave_attack_incr + wave->wave_envelope_level;
cannam@124: if (targetLevel >= wave->wave_envelope_max_level)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* Go to decay state */
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_state = State_kPreDecay;
cannam@124: targetLevel = wave->wave_envelope_max_level;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: /* Calculate lowpass biquad coeffs
cannam@124:
cannam@124: alpha = sin(w0)/(2*Q)
cannam@124:
cannam@124: b0 = (1 - cos(w0))/2
cannam@124: b1 = 1 - cos(w0)
cannam@124: b2 = (1 - cos(w0))/2
cannam@124: a0 = 1 + alpha
cannam@124: a1 = -2*cos(w0)
cannam@124: a2 = 1 - alpha
cannam@124:
cannam@124: w0 = [0 - pi[
cannam@124: */
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: const float w0 = 3.141592654f * targetLevel / wave->wave_envelope_max_level;
cannam@124: const float alpha = sinf(w0) * one_over_2Q_LP;
cannam@124: const float cosw0 = cosf(w0);
cannam@124: const float a0_fact = 1.0f / (1.0f + alpha);
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b1 = (1.0f - cosw0) * a0_fact;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b0 = wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b1 * 0.5f;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b2 = wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b0;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_a2 = (1.0f - alpha) * a0_fact;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_a1 = -2.0f * cosw0 * a0_fact;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: break;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: case State_kPreDecay:
cannam@124: /* Reset biquad state */
cannam@124: memset(wave->wave_bq_left, 0, 2 * sizeof(float));
cannam@124: memset(wave->wave_bq_right, 0, 2 * sizeof(float));
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_state = State_kDecay;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Deliberate fall-through */
cannam@124:
cannam@124: case State_kDecay:
cannam@124: targetLevel = noOfFrames * wave->wave_decay_incr + wave->wave_envelope_level;
cannam@124: if (targetLevel < 0.001f)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* < -60 dB, we're done */
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_state = 3;
cannam@124: retval = 1;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: /* Calculate highpass biquad coeffs
cannam@124:
cannam@124: alpha = sin(w0)/(2*Q)
cannam@124:
cannam@124: b0 = (1 + cos(w0))/2
cannam@124: b1 = -(1 + cos(w0))
cannam@124: b2 = (1 + cos(w0))/2
cannam@124: a0 = 1 + alpha
cannam@124: a1 = -2*cos(w0)
cannam@124: a2 = 1 - alpha
cannam@124:
cannam@124: w0 = [0 - pi/2[
cannam@124: */
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: const float v = targetLevel / wave->wave_envelope_max_level;
cannam@124: const float w0 = 1.5707963f * (1.0f - (v*v));
cannam@124: const float alpha = sinf(w0) * one_over_2Q_HP;
cannam@124: const float cosw0 = cosf(w0);
cannam@124: const float a0_fact = 1.0f / (1.0f + alpha);
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b1 = (float)(- (1 + cosw0) * a0_fact);
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b0 = -wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b1 * 0.5f;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b2 = wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_b0;
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_a2 = (float)((1.0 - alpha) * a0_fact);
cannam@124: wave->wave_bq_coeffs.bq_a1 = (float)(-2.0 * cosw0 * a0_fact);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: break;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: default:
cannam@124: break;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: currentLevel = wave->wave_envelope_level;
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_level = targetLevel;
cannam@124: levelIncr = (targetLevel - currentLevel) / noOfFrames;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: for (i = 0; i < noOfFrames; ++i, currentLevel += levelIncr)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: (*output++) += ProcessBiquad(&wave->wave_bq_coeffs, wave->wave_bq_left, (GeneratePinkNoise(&wave->wave_left))) * currentLevel * wave->wave_pan_left;
cannam@124: (*output++) += ProcessBiquad(&wave->wave_bq_coeffs, wave->wave_bq_right, (GeneratePinkNoise(&wave->wave_right))) * currentLevel * wave->wave_pan_right;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: return retval;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /*******************************************************************/
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Context for callback routine. */
cannam@124: typedef struct
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: OceanWave* waves[16]; /* Maximum 16 waves */
cannam@124: unsigned noOfActiveWaves;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Ring buffer (FIFO) for "communicating" towards audio callback */
cannam@124: PaUtilRingBuffer rBufToRT;
cannam@124: void* rBufToRTData;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Ring buffer (FIFO) for "communicating" from audio callback */
cannam@124: PaUtilRingBuffer rBufFromRT;
cannam@124: void* rBufFromRTData;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: paTestData;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* This routine will be called by the PortAudio engine when audio is needed.
cannam@124: ** It may called at interrupt level on some machines so don't do anything
cannam@124: ** that could mess up the system like calling malloc() or free().
cannam@124: */
cannam@124: static int patestCallback(const void* inputBuffer,
cannam@124: void* outputBuffer,
cannam@124: unsigned long framesPerBuffer,
cannam@124: const PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo* timeInfo,
cannam@124: PaStreamCallbackFlags statusFlags,
cannam@124: void* userData)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: int i;
cannam@124: paTestData *data = (paTestData*)userData;
cannam@124: float *out = (float*)outputBuffer;
cannam@124: (void) inputBuffer; /* Prevent "unused variable" warnings. */
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Reset output data first */
cannam@124: memset(out, 0, framesPerBuffer * 2 * sizeof(float));
cannam@124:
cannam@124: for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* Consume the input queue */
cannam@124: if (data->waves[i] == 0 && PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable(&data->rBufToRT))
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: OceanWave* ptr = 0;
cannam@124: PaUtil_ReadRingBuffer(&data->rBufToRT, &ptr, 1);
cannam@124: data->waves[i] = ptr;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: if (data->waves[i] != 0)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: if (GenerateWave(data->waves[i], out, framesPerBuffer))
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* If wave is "done", post it back to the main thread for deletion */
cannam@124: PaUtil_WriteRingBuffer(&data->rBufFromRT, &data->waves[i], 1);
cannam@124: data->waves[i] = 0;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: return paContinue;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: #define NEW_ROW_SIZE (12 + (8*rand())/RAND_MAX)
cannam@124:
cannam@124: OceanWave* InitializeWave(double SR, float attackInSeconds, float maxLevel, float positionLeftRight)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: OceanWave* wave = NULL;
cannam@124: static unsigned lastNoOfRows = 12;
cannam@124: unsigned newNoOfRows;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: wave = (OceanWave*)PaUtil_AllocateMemory(sizeof(OceanWave));
cannam@124: if (wave != NULL)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: InitializePinkNoise(&wave->wave_left, lastNoOfRows);
cannam@124: while ((newNoOfRows = NEW_ROW_SIZE) == lastNoOfRows);
cannam@124: InitializePinkNoise(&wave->wave_right, newNoOfRows);
cannam@124: lastNoOfRows = newNoOfRows;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_state = State_kAttack;
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_level = 0.f;
cannam@124: wave->wave_envelope_max_level = maxLevel;
cannam@124: wave->wave_attack_incr = wave->wave_envelope_max_level / (attackInSeconds * (float)SR);
cannam@124: wave->wave_decay_incr = - wave->wave_envelope_max_level / (attackInSeconds * 4 * (float)SR);
cannam@124:
cannam@124: wave->wave_pan_left = sqrtf(1.0 - positionLeftRight);
cannam@124: wave->wave_pan_right = sqrtf(positionLeftRight);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: return wave;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: static float GenerateFloatRandom(float minValue, float maxValue)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: return minValue + ((maxValue - minValue) * rand()) / RAND_MAX;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /*******************************************************************/
cannam@124: int main(void);
cannam@124: int main(void)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: PaStream* stream;
cannam@124: PaError err;
cannam@124: paTestData data = {0};
cannam@124: PaStreamParameters outputParameters;
cannam@124: double tstamp;
cannam@124: double tstart;
cannam@124: double tdelta = 0;
cannam@124: static const double SR = 44100.0;
cannam@124: static const int FPB = 128; /* Frames per buffer: 2.9 ms buffers. */
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Initialize communication buffers (queues) */
cannam@124: data.rBufToRTData = PaUtil_AllocateMemory(sizeof(OceanWave*) * 256);
cannam@124: if (data.rBufToRTData == NULL)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: return 1;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: PaUtil_InitializeRingBuffer(&data.rBufToRT, sizeof(OceanWave*), 256, data.rBufToRTData);
cannam@124:
cannam@124: data.rBufFromRTData = PaUtil_AllocateMemory(sizeof(OceanWave*) * 256);
cannam@124: if (data.rBufFromRTData == NULL)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: return 1;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: PaUtil_InitializeRingBuffer(&data.rBufFromRT, sizeof(OceanWave*), 256, data.rBufFromRTData);
cannam@124:
cannam@124: err = Pa_Initialize();
cannam@124: if( err != paNoError ) goto error;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Open a stereo PortAudio stream so we can hear the result. */
cannam@124: outputParameters.device = Pa_GetDefaultOutputDevice(); /* Take the default output device. */
cannam@124: if (outputParameters.device == paNoDevice) {
cannam@124: fprintf(stderr,"Error: No default output device.\n");
cannam@124: goto error;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: outputParameters.channelCount = 2; /* Stereo output, most likely supported. */
cannam@124: outputParameters.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = NULL;
cannam@124: outputParameters.sampleFormat = paFloat32; /* 32 bit floating point output. */
cannam@124: outputParameters.suggestedLatency = Pa_GetDeviceInfo(outputParameters.device)->defaultLowOutputLatency;
cannam@124: err = Pa_OpenStream(&stream,
cannam@124: NULL, /* No input. */
cannam@124: &outputParameters,
cannam@124: SR, /* Sample rate. */
cannam@124: FPB, /* Frames per buffer. */
cannam@124: paDitherOff, /* Clip but don't dither */
cannam@124: patestCallback,
cannam@124: &data);
cannam@124: if( err != paNoError ) goto error;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: err = Pa_StartStream( stream );
cannam@124: if( err != paNoError ) goto error;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: printf("Stereo \"ocean waves\" for one minute...\n");
cannam@124:
cannam@124: tstart = PaUtil_GetTime();
cannam@124: tstamp = tstart;
cannam@124: srand( (unsigned)time(NULL) );
cannam@124:
cannam@124: while( ( err = Pa_IsStreamActive( stream ) ) == 1 )
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: const double tcurrent = PaUtil_GetTime();
cannam@124:
cannam@124: /* Delete "waves" that the callback is finished with */
cannam@124: while (PaUtil_GetRingBufferReadAvailable(&data.rBufFromRT) > 0)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: OceanWave* ptr = 0;
cannam@124: PaUtil_ReadRingBuffer(&data.rBufFromRT, &ptr, 1);
cannam@124: if (ptr != 0)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: printf("Wave is deleted...\n");
cannam@124: PaUtil_FreeMemory(ptr);
cannam@124: --data.noOfActiveWaves;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: if (tcurrent - tstart < 60.0) /* Only start new "waves" during one minute */
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: if (tcurrent >= tstamp)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: double tdelta = GenerateFloatRandom(1.0f, 4.0f);
cannam@124: tstamp += tdelta;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: if (data.noOfActiveWaves<16)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: const float attackTime = GenerateFloatRandom(2.0f, 6.0f);
cannam@124: const float level = GenerateFloatRandom(0.1f, 1.0f);
cannam@124: const float pos = GenerateFloatRandom(0.0f, 1.0f);
cannam@124: OceanWave* p = InitializeWave(SR, attackTime, level, pos);
cannam@124: if (p != NULL)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: /* Post wave to audio callback */
cannam@124: PaUtil_WriteRingBuffer(&data.rBufToRT, &p, 1);
cannam@124: ++data.noOfActiveWaves;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: printf("Starting wave at level = %.2f, attack = %.2lf, pos = %.2lf\n", level, attackTime, pos);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: else
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: if (data.noOfActiveWaves == 0)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: printf("All waves finished!\n");
cannam@124: break;
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: Pa_Sleep(100);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: if( err < 0 ) goto error;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: err = Pa_CloseStream( stream );
cannam@124: if( err != paNoError ) goto error;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: if (data.rBufToRTData)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: PaUtil_FreeMemory(data.rBufToRTData);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124: if (data.rBufFromRTData)
cannam@124: {
cannam@124: PaUtil_FreeMemory(data.rBufFromRTData);
cannam@124: }
cannam@124:
cannam@124: Pa_Sleep(1000);
cannam@124:
cannam@124: Pa_Terminate();
cannam@124: return 0;
cannam@124:
cannam@124: error:
cannam@124: Pa_Terminate();
cannam@124: fprintf( stderr, "An error occured while using the portaudio stream\n" );
cannam@124: fprintf( stderr, "Error number: %d\n", err );
cannam@124: fprintf( stderr, "Error message: %s\n", Pa_GetErrorText( err ) );
cannam@124: return 0;
cannam@124: }