cannam@86: GNU Free Documentation License cannam@86: Version 1.2, November 2002 cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. cannam@86: 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA cannam@86: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies cannam@86: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 0. PREAMBLE cannam@86: cannam@86: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other cannam@86: functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to cannam@86: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, cannam@86: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. cannam@86: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way cannam@86: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible cannam@86: for modifications made by others. cannam@86: cannam@86: This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative cannam@86: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It cannam@86: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft cannam@86: license designed for free software. cannam@86: cannam@86: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free cannam@86: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free cannam@86: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the cannam@86: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; cannam@86: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or cannam@86: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License cannam@86: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS cannam@86: cannam@86: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that cannam@86: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be cannam@86: distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a cannam@86: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that cannam@86: work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, cannam@86: refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a cannam@86: licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you cannam@86: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission cannam@86: under copyright law. cannam@86: cannam@86: A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the cannam@86: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with cannam@86: modifications and/or translated into another language. cannam@86: cannam@86: A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of cannam@86: the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the cannam@86: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject cannam@86: (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly cannam@86: within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a cannam@86: textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any cannam@86: mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical cannam@86: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, cannam@86: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding cannam@86: them. cannam@86: cannam@86: The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles cannam@86: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice cannam@86: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a cannam@86: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not cannam@86: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero cannam@86: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant cannam@86: Sections then there are none. cannam@86: cannam@86: The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, cannam@86: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that cannam@86: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may cannam@86: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. cannam@86: cannam@86: A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, cannam@86: represented in a format whose specification is available to the cannam@86: general public, that is suitable for revising the document cannam@86: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of cannam@86: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available cannam@86: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or cannam@86: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input cannam@86: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file cannam@86: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart cannam@86: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. cannam@86: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount cannam@86: of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". cannam@86: cannam@86: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain cannam@86: ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML cannam@86: or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple cannam@86: HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of cannam@86: transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats cannam@86: include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by cannam@86: proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or cannam@86: processing tools are not generally available, and the cannam@86: machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word cannam@86: processors for output purposes only. cannam@86: cannam@86: The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, cannam@86: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material cannam@86: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in cannam@86: formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means cannam@86: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, cannam@86: preceding the beginning of the body of the text. cannam@86: cannam@86: A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose cannam@86: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following cannam@86: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a cannam@86: specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", cannam@86: "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" cannam@86: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a cannam@86: section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. cannam@86: cannam@86: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which cannam@86: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty cannam@86: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this cannam@86: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other cannam@86: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has cannam@86: no effect on the meaning of this License. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 2. VERBATIM COPYING cannam@86: cannam@86: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either cannam@86: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the cannam@86: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies cannam@86: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other cannam@86: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use cannam@86: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further cannam@86: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept cannam@86: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough cannam@86: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. cannam@86: cannam@86: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and cannam@86: you may publicly display copies. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY cannam@86: cannam@86: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have cannam@86: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the cannam@86: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the cannam@86: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover cannam@86: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on cannam@86: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify cannam@86: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present cannam@86: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and cannam@86: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. cannam@86: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve cannam@86: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated cannam@86: as verbatim copying in other respects. cannam@86: cannam@86: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit cannam@86: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit cannam@86: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent cannam@86: pages. cannam@86: cannam@86: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering cannam@86: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent cannam@86: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy cannam@86: a computer-network location from which the general network-using cannam@86: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols cannam@86: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. cannam@86: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, cannam@86: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure cannam@86: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated cannam@86: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an cannam@86: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that cannam@86: edition to the public. cannam@86: cannam@86: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the cannam@86: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give cannam@86: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 4. MODIFICATIONS cannam@86: cannam@86: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under cannam@86: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release cannam@86: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified cannam@86: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution cannam@86: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy cannam@86: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: cannam@86: cannam@86: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct cannam@86: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions cannam@86: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section cannam@86: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version cannam@86: if the original publisher of that version gives permission. cannam@86: B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities cannam@86: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified cannam@86: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the cannam@86: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), cannam@86: unless they release you from this requirement. cannam@86: C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the cannam@86: Modified Version, as the publisher. cannam@86: D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. cannam@86: E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications cannam@86: adjacent to the other copyright notices. cannam@86: F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice cannam@86: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the cannam@86: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. cannam@86: G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections cannam@86: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. cannam@86: H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. cannam@86: I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add cannam@86: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and cannam@86: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If cannam@86: there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one cannam@86: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as cannam@86: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified cannam@86: Version as stated in the previous sentence. cannam@86: J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for cannam@86: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise cannam@86: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions cannam@86: it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. cannam@86: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at cannam@86: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original cannam@86: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. cannam@86: K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", cannam@86: Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all cannam@86: the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements cannam@86: and/or dedications given therein. cannam@86: L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, cannam@86: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers cannam@86: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. cannam@86: M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section cannam@86: may not be included in the Modified Version. cannam@86: N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" cannam@86: or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. cannam@86: O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. cannam@86: cannam@86: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or cannam@86: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material cannam@86: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all cannam@86: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the cannam@86: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. cannam@86: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. cannam@86: cannam@86: You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains cannam@86: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various cannam@86: parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has cannam@86: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a cannam@86: standard. cannam@86: cannam@86: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a cannam@86: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list cannam@86: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of cannam@86: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or cannam@86: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already cannam@86: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or cannam@86: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, cannam@86: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit cannam@86: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. cannam@86: cannam@86: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License cannam@86: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or cannam@86: imply endorsement of any Modified Version. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS cannam@86: cannam@86: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this cannam@86: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified cannam@86: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the cannam@86: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and cannam@86: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its cannam@86: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. cannam@86: cannam@86: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and cannam@86: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single cannam@86: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but cannam@86: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by cannam@86: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original cannam@86: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. cannam@86: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of cannam@86: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. cannam@86: cannam@86: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" cannam@86: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled cannam@86: "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", cannam@86: and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections cannam@86: Entitled "Endorsements". cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS cannam@86: cannam@86: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents cannam@86: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this cannam@86: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in cannam@86: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for cannam@86: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. cannam@86: cannam@86: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute cannam@86: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this cannam@86: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all cannam@86: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS cannam@86: cannam@86: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate cannam@86: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or cannam@86: distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright cannam@86: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights cannam@86: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. cannam@86: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not cannam@86: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves cannam@86: derivative works of the Document. cannam@86: cannam@86: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these cannam@86: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of cannam@86: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on cannam@86: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the cannam@86: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. cannam@86: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole cannam@86: aggregate. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 8. TRANSLATION cannam@86: cannam@86: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may cannam@86: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. cannam@86: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special cannam@86: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include cannam@86: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the cannam@86: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a cannam@86: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the cannam@86: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include cannam@86: the original English version of this License and the original versions cannam@86: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between cannam@86: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice cannam@86: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. cannam@86: cannam@86: If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", cannam@86: "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve cannam@86: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual cannam@86: title. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 9. TERMINATION cannam@86: cannam@86: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except cannam@86: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to cannam@86: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will cannam@86: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, cannam@86: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this cannam@86: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such cannam@86: parties remain in full compliance. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE cannam@86: cannam@86: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions cannam@86: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new cannam@86: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may cannam@86: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See cannam@86: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. cannam@86: cannam@86: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. cannam@86: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this cannam@86: License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of cannam@86: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or cannam@86: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the cannam@86: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version cannam@86: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not cannam@86: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. cannam@86: cannam@86: cannam@86: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents cannam@86: cannam@86: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of cannam@86: the License in the document and put the following copyright and cannam@86: license notices just after the title page: cannam@86: cannam@86: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. cannam@86: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document cannam@86: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 cannam@86: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; cannam@86: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. cannam@86: A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU cannam@86: Free Documentation License". cannam@86: cannam@86: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, cannam@86: replace the "with...Texts." line with this: cannam@86: cannam@86: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the cannam@86: Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. cannam@86: cannam@86: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other cannam@86: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the cannam@86: situation. cannam@86: cannam@86: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we cannam@86: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of cannam@86: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, cannam@86: to permit their use in free software.