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Current fftw source
| author | Chris Cannam |
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| date | Tue, 18 Oct 2016 13:40:26 +0100 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/src/fftw-3.3.5/doc/html/Upgrading-from-FFTW-version-2.html Tue Oct 18 13:40:26 2016 +0100 @@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- This manual is for FFTW +(version 3.3.5, 30 July 2016). + +Copyright (C) 2003 Matteo Frigo. + +Copyright (C) 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. + +Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this +manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the +entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + +Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual +into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, +except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation +approved by the Free Software Foundation. --> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<head> +<title>FFTW 3.3.5: Upgrading from FFTW version 2</title> + +<meta name="description" content="FFTW 3.3.5: Upgrading from FFTW version 2"> +<meta name="keywords" content="FFTW 3.3.5: Upgrading from FFTW version 2"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" rel="index" title="Concept Index"> +<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> +<link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top"> +<link href="Installation-and-Customization.html#Installation-and-Customization" rel="next" title="Installation and Customization"> +<link href="Wisdom-of-Fortran_003f.html#Wisdom-of-Fortran_003f" rel="prev" title="Wisdom of Fortran?"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} +div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} +ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + +</head> + +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> +<a name="Upgrading-from-FFTW-version-2"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="Installation-and-Customization.html#Installation-and-Customization" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation and Customization</a>, Previous: <a href="Calling-FFTW-from-Legacy-Fortran.html#Calling-FFTW-from-Legacy-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calling FFTW from Legacy Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<hr> +<a name="Upgrading-from-FFTW-version-2-1"></a> +<h2 class="chapter">9 Upgrading from FFTW version 2</h2> + +<p>In this chapter, we outline the process for updating codes designed for +the older FFTW 2 interface to work with FFTW 3. The interface for FFTW +3 is not backwards-compatible with the interface for FFTW 2 and earlier +versions; codes written to use those versions will fail to link with +FFTW 3. Nor is it possible to write “compatibility wrappers” to +bridge the gap (at least not efficiently), because FFTW 3 has different +semantics from previous versions. However, upgrading should be a +straightforward process because the data formats are identical and the +overall style of planning/execution is essentially the same. +</p> +<p>Unlike FFTW 2, there are no separate header files for real and complex +transforms (or even for different precisions) in FFTW 3; all interfaces +are defined in the <code><fftw3.h></code> header file. +</p> +<a name="Numeric-Types"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Numeric Types</h3> + +<p>The main difference in data types is that <code>fftw_complex</code> in FFTW 2 +was defined as a <code>struct</code> with macros <code>c_re</code> and <code>c_im</code> +for accessing the real/imaginary parts. (This is binary-compatible with +FFTW 3 on any machine except perhaps for some older Crays in single +precision.) The equivalent macros for FFTW 3 are: +</p> +<div class="example"> +<pre class="example">#define c_re(c) ((c)[0]) +#define c_im(c) ((c)[1]) +</pre></div> + +<p>This does not work if you are using the C99 complex type, however, +unless you insert a <code>double*</code> typecast into the above macros +(see <a href="Complex-numbers.html#Complex-numbers">Complex numbers</a>). +</p> +<p>Also, FFTW 2 had an <code>fftw_real</code> typedef that was an alias for +<code>double</code> (in double precision). In FFTW 3 you should just use +<code>double</code> (or whatever precision you are employing). +</p> +<a name="Plans"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Plans</h3> + +<p>The major difference between FFTW 2 and FFTW 3 is in the +planning/execution division of labor. In FFTW 2, plans were found for a +given transform size and type, and then could be applied to <em>any</em> +arrays and for <em>any</em> multiplicity/stride parameters. In FFTW 3, +you specify the particular arrays, stride parameters, etcetera when +creating the plan, and the plan is then executed for <em>those</em> arrays +(unless the guru interface is used) and <em>those</em> parameters +<em>only</em>. (FFTW 2 had “specific planner” routines that planned for +a particular array and stride, but the plan could still be used for +other arrays and strides.) That is, much of the information that was +formerly specified at execution time is now specified at planning time. +</p> +<p>Like FFTW 2’s specific planner routines, the FFTW 3 planner overwrites +the input/output arrays unless you use <code>FFTW_ESTIMATE</code>. +</p> +<p>FFTW 2 had separate data types <code>fftw_plan</code>, <code>fftwnd_plan</code>, +<code>rfftw_plan</code>, and <code>rfftwnd_plan</code> for complex and real one- and +multi-dimensional transforms, and each type had its own ‘<samp>destroy</samp>’ +function. In FFTW 3, all plans are of type <code>fftw_plan</code> and all are +destroyed by <code>fftw_destroy_plan(plan)</code>. +</p> +<p>Where you formerly used <code>fftw_create_plan</code> and <code>fftw_one</code> to +plan and compute a single 1d transform, you would now use +<code>fftw_plan_dft_1d</code> to plan the transform. If you used the generic +<code>fftw</code> function to execute the transform with multiplicity +(<code>howmany</code>) and stride parameters, you would now use the advanced +interface <code>fftw_plan_many_dft</code> to specify those parameters. The +plans are now executed with <code>fftw_execute(plan)</code>, which takes all +of its parameters (including the input/output arrays) from the plan. +</p> +<p>In-place transforms no longer interpret their output argument as scratch +space, nor is there an <code>FFTW_IN_PLACE</code> flag. You simply pass the +same pointer for both the input and output arguments. (Previously, the +output <code>ostride</code> and <code>odist</code> parameters were ignored for +in-place transforms; now, if they are specified via the advanced +interface, they are significant even in the in-place case, although they +should normally equal the corresponding input parameters.) +</p> +<p>The <code>FFTW_ESTIMATE</code> and <code>FFTW_MEASURE</code> flags have the same +meaning as before, although the planning time will differ. You may also +consider using <code>FFTW_PATIENT</code>, which is like <code>FFTW_MEASURE</code> +except that it takes more time in order to consider a wider variety of +algorithms. +</p> +<p>For multi-dimensional complex DFTs, instead of <code>fftwnd_create_plan</code> +(or <code>fftw2d_create_plan</code> or <code>fftw3d_create_plan</code>), followed by +<code>fftwnd_one</code>, you would use <code>fftw_plan_dft</code> (or +<code>fftw_plan_dft_2d</code> or <code>fftw_plan_dft_3d</code>). followed by +<code>fftw_execute</code>. If you used <code>fftwnd</code> to to specify strides +etcetera, you would instead specify these via <code>fftw_plan_many_dft</code>. +</p> +<p>The analogues to <code>rfftw_create_plan</code> and <code>rfftw_one</code> with +<code>FFTW_REAL_TO_COMPLEX</code> or <code>FFTW_COMPLEX_TO_REAL</code> directions +are <code>fftw_plan_r2r_1d</code> with kind <code>FFTW_R2HC</code> or +<code>FFTW_HC2R</code>, followed by <code>fftw_execute</code>. The stride etcetera +arguments of <code>rfftw</code> are now in <code>fftw_plan_many_r2r</code>. +</p> +<p>Instead of <code>rfftwnd_create_plan</code> (or <code>rfftw2d_create_plan</code> or +<code>rfftw3d_create_plan</code>) followed by +<code>rfftwnd_one_real_to_complex</code> or +<code>rfftwnd_one_complex_to_real</code>, you now use <code>fftw_plan_dft_r2c</code> +(or <code>fftw_plan_dft_r2c_2d</code> or <code>fftw_plan_dft_r2c_3d</code>) or +<code>fftw_plan_dft_c2r</code> (or <code>fftw_plan_dft_c2r_2d</code> or +<code>fftw_plan_dft_c2r_3d</code>), respectively, followed by +<code>fftw_execute</code>. As usual, the strides etcetera of +<code>rfftwnd_real_to_complex</code> or <code>rfftwnd_complex_to_real</code> are no +specified in the advanced planner routines, +<code>fftw_plan_many_dft_r2c</code> or <code>fftw_plan_many_dft_c2r</code>. +</p> +<a name="Wisdom-2"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Wisdom</h3> + +<p>In FFTW 2, you had to supply the <code>FFTW_USE_WISDOM</code> flag in order to +use wisdom; in FFTW 3, wisdom is always used. (You could simulate the +FFTW 2 wisdom-less behavior by calling <code>fftw_forget_wisdom</code> after +every planner call.) +</p> +<p>The FFTW 3 wisdom import/export routines are almost the same as before +(although the storage format is entirely different). There is one +significant difference, however. In FFTW 2, the import routines would +never read past the end of the wisdom, so you could store extra data +beyond the wisdom in the same file, for example. In FFTW 3, the +file-import routine may read up to a few hundred bytes past the end of +the wisdom, so you cannot store other data just beyond it.<a name="DOCF11" href="#FOOT11"><sup>11</sup></a> +</p> +<p>Wisdom has been enhanced by additional humility in FFTW 3: whereas FFTW +2 would re-use wisdom for a given transform size regardless of the +stride etc., in FFTW 3 wisdom is only used with the strides etc. for +which it was created. Unfortunately, this means FFTW 3 has to create +new plans from scratch more often than FFTW 2 (in FFTW 2, planning +e.g. one transform of size 1024 also created wisdom for all smaller +powers of 2, but this no longer occurs). +</p> +<p>FFTW 3 also has the new routine <code>fftw_import_system_wisdom</code> to +import wisdom from a standard system-wide location. +</p> +<a name="Memory-allocation"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Memory allocation</h3> + +<p>In FFTW 3, we recommend allocating your arrays with <code>fftw_malloc</code> +and deallocating them with <code>fftw_free</code>; this is not required, but +allows optimal performance when SIMD acceleration is used. (Those two +functions actually existed in FFTW 2, and worked the same way, but were +not documented.) +</p> +<p>In FFTW 2, there were <code>fftw_malloc_hook</code> and <code>fftw_free_hook</code> +functions that allowed the user to replace FFTW’s memory-allocation +routines (e.g. to implement different error-handling, since by default +FFTW prints an error message and calls <code>exit</code> to abort the program +if <code>malloc</code> returns <code>NULL</code>). These hooks are not supported in +FFTW 3; those few users who require this functionality can just +directly modify the memory-allocation routines in FFTW (they are defined +in <code>kernel/alloc.c</code>). +</p> +<a name="Fortran-interface"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Fortran interface</h3> + +<p>In FFTW 2, the subroutine names were obtained by replacing ‘<samp>fftw_</samp>’ +with ‘<samp>fftw_f77</samp>’; in FFTW 3, you replace ‘<samp>fftw_</samp>’ with +‘<samp>dfftw_</samp>’ (or ‘<samp>sfftw_</samp>’ or ‘<samp>lfftw_</samp>’, depending upon the +precision). +</p> +<p>In FFTW 3, we have begun recommending that you always declare the type +used to store plans as <code>integer*8</code>. (Too many people didn’t notice +our instruction to switch from <code>integer</code> to <code>integer*8</code> for +64-bit machines.) +</p> +<p>In FFTW 3, we provide a <code>fftw3.f</code> “header file” to include in +your code (and which is officially installed on Unix systems). (In FFTW +2, we supplied a <code>fftw_f77.i</code> file, but it was not installed.) +</p> +<p>Otherwise, the C-Fortran interface relationship is much the same as it +was before (e.g. return values become initial parameters, and +multi-dimensional arrays are in column-major order). Unlike FFTW 2, we +do provide some support for wisdom import/export in Fortran +(see <a href="Wisdom-of-Fortran_003f.html#Wisdom-of-Fortran_003f">Wisdom of Fortran?</a>). +</p> +<a name="Threads"></a> +<h3 class="heading">Threads</h3> + +<p>Like FFTW 2, only the execution routines are thread-safe. All planner +routines, etcetera, should be called by only a single thread at a time +(see <a href="Thread-safety.html#Thread-safety">Thread safety</a>). <em>Unlike</em> FFTW 2, there is no special +<code>FFTW_THREADSAFE</code> flag for the planner to allow a given plan to be +usable by multiple threads in parallel; this is now the case by default. +</p> +<p>The multi-threaded version of FFTW 2 required you to pass the number of +threads each time you execute the transform. The number of threads is +now stored in the plan, and is specified before the planner is called by +<code>fftw_plan_with_nthreads</code>. The threads initialization routine used +to be called <code>fftw_threads_init</code> and would return zero on success; +the new routine is called <code>fftw_init_threads</code> and returns zero on +failure. See <a href="Multi_002dthreaded-FFTW.html#Multi_002dthreaded-FFTW">Multi-threaded FFTW</a>. +</p> +<p>There is no separate threads header file in FFTW 3; all the function +prototypes are in <code><fftw3.h></code>. However, you still have to link to +a separate library (<code>-lfftw3_threads -lfftw3 -lm</code> on Unix), as well as +to the threading library (e.g. POSIX threads on Unix). +</p> +<div class="footnote"> +<hr> +<h4 class="footnotes-heading">Footnotes</h4> + +<h3><a name="FOOT11" href="#DOCF11">(11)</a></h3> +<p>We +do our own buffering because GNU libc I/O routines are horribly slow for +single-character I/O, apparently for thread-safety reasons (whether you +are using threads or not).</p> +</div> +<hr> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="Installation-and-Customization.html#Installation-and-Customization" accesskey="n" rel="next">Installation and Customization</a>, Previous: <a href="Calling-FFTW-from-Legacy-Fortran.html#Calling-FFTW-from-Legacy-Fortran" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Calling FFTW from Legacy Fortran</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> + + + +</body> +</html>