# HG changeset patch # User Michael Terrell # Date 1381135502 -3600 # Node ID d29e51dee45a6fa843d5cc81d3ca89c3f83ec38b # Parent 83e76c49cde315dfdb7d5a7b033ee4ed3ff49550# Parent dead657aaa44ea29d3eaf53238a450ac31babf40 Merged diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/Nyquist.svg --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/Nyquist.svg Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -0,0 +1,361 @@ + + + + diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge.pdf Binary file Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge.pdf has changed diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge2.pdf Binary file Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge2.pdf has changed diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge2.svg --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/NyquistLarge2.svg Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ + + + + diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/nyquist.pdf Binary file Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Figures/nyquist.pdf has changed diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.aux --- a/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.aux Mon Oct 07 09:44:45 2013 +0100 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.aux Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -118,8 +118,12 @@ \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {45}{45}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{46}{46/46}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {46}{46}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@partpages {1}{46}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@subsectionpages {1}{46}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@sectionpages {1}{46}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {46}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\def \inserttotalframenumber {46}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{47}{47/47}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {47}{47}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{48}{48/48}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {48}{48}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@partpages {1}{48}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@subsectionpages {1}{48}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@sectionpages {1}{48}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {48}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\def \inserttotalframenumber {48}}} diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.log --- a/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.log Mon Oct 07 09:44:45 2013 +0100 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.log Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 (TeX Live 2010) (format=pdflatex 2011.2.1) 11 SEP 2013 15:49 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.11 (TeX Live 2010) (format=pdflatex 2011.2.1) 7 OCT 2013 09:12 entering extended mode \write18 enabled. file:line:error style messages enabled. @@ -947,111 +947,111 @@ ] [4 ] - + File: Figures/s1.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [5 - <./Figures/s1.pdf>] + <./Figures/s1.pdf>] File: Figures/s2.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [6 - <./Figures/s2.pdf>] + <./Figures/s2.pdf>] File: Figures/s3.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [7 <./Figures/s3.pdf>] - + File: Figures/s4.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [8 - <./Figures/s4.pdf>] + <./Figures/s4.pdf>] File: Figures/s5.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [9 - <./Figures/s5.pdf>] + <./Figures/s5.pdf>] File: Figures/s6.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) [10 <./Figures/s6.pdf>] - 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Package epstopdf Info: Output file is already uptodate. - File: Figures/cosine_quanterror-eps-converted-to.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) - [42 + [44 <./Figures/cosine_quanterror-eps-converted-to.pdf>] - + File: Figures/notclippedsignal.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) - + File: Figures/clippedsignal.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) - [43 + [45 - <./Figures/notclippedsignal.pdf> <./Figures/clippedsignal.pdf>] [44 + <./Figures/notclippedsignal.pdf> <./Figures/clippedsignal.pdf>] [46 ] - + File: Figures/buffering.pdf Graphic file (type pdf) - [45 + [47 - <./Figures/buffering.pdf>] [46 + <./Figures/buffering.pdf>] [48 ] \tf@nav=\write5 @@ -1304,27 +1316,20 @@ \tf@snm=\write7 \openout7 = `"Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.snm"'. -Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `BeforeClearDocument' on input line 421. -Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `AfterLastShipout' on input line 421. +Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `BeforeClearDocument' on input line 441. +Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `AfterLastShipout' on input line 441. 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PDF statistics: - 1169 PDF objects out of 1200 (max. 8388607) - 849 compressed objects within 9 object streams - 95 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) - 249 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + 1199 PDF objects out of 1200 (max. 8388607) + 873 compressed objects within 9 object streams + 99 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 275 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.nav --- a/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.nav Mon Oct 07 09:44:45 2013 +0100 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.nav Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -95,8 +95,12 @@ \headcommand {\beamer@framepages {45}{45}} \headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{46}{46/46}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}} \headcommand {\beamer@framepages {46}{46}} -\headcommand {\beamer@partpages {1}{46}} -\headcommand {\beamer@subsectionpages {1}{46}} -\headcommand {\beamer@sectionpages {1}{46}} -\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {46}} -\headcommand {\def \inserttotalframenumber {46}} +\headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{47}{47/47}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}} +\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {47}{47}} +\headcommand {\slideentry {1}{1}{48}{48/48}{ Audio Signal Chain}{0}} +\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {48}{48}} +\headcommand {\beamer@partpages {1}{48}} +\headcommand {\beamer@subsectionpages {1}{48}} +\headcommand {\beamer@sectionpages {1}{48}} +\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {48}} +\headcommand {\def \inserttotalframenumber {48}} diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.pdf Binary file Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.pdf has changed diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.synctex.gz Binary file Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.synctex.gz has changed diff -r 83e76c49cde3 -r d29e51dee45a Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.tex --- a/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.tex Mon Oct 07 09:44:45 2013 +0100 +++ b/Lectures/Lec3 - Audio Chain/Lec3 - Audio Signal Chain.tex Mon Oct 07 09:45:02 2013 +0100 @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ \frametitle{Signal Chains} \begin{itemize}\itemsep10pt \item The signal chain describes all links in the chain from the sound source to the receiver. - \item Each component will have it's own {\bf Impulse Response} and related {\bf Frequency Response}. + \item Each component will have it's own {\bf Frequency Response}. \item It is very hard to recreate a sound source accurately. \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -186,8 +186,7 @@ \frametitle{Sound Reinforcement Signal Chain} \begin{itemize}\itemsep10pt \item In live music we have many sources and many receivers (listeners). - \item Things can get very complicated very quickly! - \item Take a look at my paper on live music production on the QM+ page. + \item Things can get very complicated very quickly...! \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -302,11 +301,32 @@ \item The frequency response of any sampled signal will be a mirror image about the middle frequency. \end{itemize} \begin{figure} - \includegraphics[width=1 \textwidth]{Figures/nyquist.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{Figures/Nyquist.pdf} \end{figure} \end{frame} \begin{frame} + \frametitle{A-D conversion: Aliasing} + \begin{itemize} + \item The mirror images continue as the frequency increases. + \end{itemize} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Figures/NyquistLarge.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A-D conversion: Aliasing} + \begin{itemize} + \item To avoid aliasing effects, only the first portion of the frequency spectrum can be used. + \end{itemize} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Figures/NyquistLarge2.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame} \begin{itemize} \item The Nyquist frequency is equal to half the sample rate, for CD audio this is 22.05kHz. @@ -315,7 +335,7 @@ \item The frequency response above the Nyquist frequency is a mirror image of the response below. \end{itemize} \begin{itemize} - \item The signal is filtered using an analogue low pass filter before ADC to remove all components of the signal which are above the Nyquist freqency. + \item The signal is filtered using an analogue low pass filter before ADC, and digital filter after, to remove all components of the signal which are above the Nyquist freqency. \end{itemize} \end{frame} @@ -411,7 +431,7 @@ \begin{frame} \frametitle{Latency} \begin{itemize}\itemsep12pt - \item Latency is a huge pain and a massive disadvantage of digital recording. + \item Latency is an unavoidable disadvantage of digital recording. \item Reducing buffer size will reduce the latency but will increase the processing load on the computer. \item Direct monitoring of the analogue input is the only way to completely remove latency when recording. \end{itemize}