diff armadillo-3.900.4/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp @ 49:1ec0e2823891

Switch to using subrepo copies of qm-dsp, nnls-chroma, vamp-plugin-sdk; update Armadillo version; assume build without external BLAS/LAPACK

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/armadillo-3.900.4/include/armadillo_bits/subview_meat.hpp	Thu Jun 13 10:25:24 2013 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3153 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2008-2013 NICTA (www.nicta.com.au)
+// Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Conrad Sanderson
+// Copyright (C)      2011 James Sanders
+// 
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+
+//! \addtogroup subview
+//! @{
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>::~subview()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>::subview(const Mat<eT>& in_m, const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols)
+  : m(in_m)
+  , aux_row1(in_row1)
+  , aux_col1(in_col1)
+  , n_rows(in_n_rows)
+  , n_cols(in_n_cols)
+  , n_elem(in_n_rows*in_n_cols)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator+= (const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+    
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=start_col, jj=start_col+1; jj < end_col_plus1; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) += val;
+      X.at(urow, jj) += val;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < end_col_plus1)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) += val;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < local_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_plus( colptr(ucol), val, local_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator-= (const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+    
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=start_col, jj=start_col+1; jj < end_col_plus1; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) -= val;
+      X.at(urow, jj) -= val;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < end_col_plus1)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) -= val;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < local_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_minus( colptr(ucol), val, local_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator*= (const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+    
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=start_col, jj=start_col+1; jj < end_col_plus1; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) *= val;
+      X.at(urow, jj) *= val;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < end_col_plus1)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) *= val;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < local_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_mul( colptr(ucol), val, local_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator/= (const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+    
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=start_col, jj=start_col+1; jj < end_col_plus1; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) /= val;
+      X.at(urow, jj) /= val;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < end_col_plus1)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) /= val;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < local_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_div( colptr(ucol), val, local_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator= (const Base<eT,T1>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Proxy<T1> P(in.get_ref());
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+    
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, P, "copy into submatrix");
+  
+  const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(s.m);
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_warn(is_alias, "aliasing detected");
+  
+  if( (is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) || (is_alias == true) )
+    {
+    const unwrap_check<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
+    const Mat<eT>& x = tmp.M;
+    
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      const eT* x_mem = x.memptr();
+      
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) = x_mem[ii];
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) = x_mem[jj];
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) = x_mem[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        arrayops::copy( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        const eT tmp2 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,jj) : P[jj];
+        
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) = tmp1;
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) = tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        eT* s_col_data = s.colptr(ucol);
+        
+        uword ii,jj;
+        for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_rows; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+          {
+          const eT tmp1 = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          const eT tmp2 = P.at(jj,ucol);
+          
+          s_col_data[ii] = tmp1;
+          s_col_data[jj] = tmp2;
+          }
+        
+        if(ii < s_n_rows)
+          {
+          s_col_data[ii] = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator+= (const Base<eT,T1>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Proxy<T1> P(in.get_ref());
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, P, "addition");
+  
+  const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(s.m);
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_warn(is_alias, "aliasing detected");
+  
+  if( (is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) || (is_alias == true) )
+    {
+    const unwrap_check<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
+    const Mat<eT>& x = tmp.M;
+    
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      const eT* x_mem = x.memptr();
+      
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) += x_mem[ii];
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) += x_mem[jj];
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) += x_mem[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        arrayops::inplace_plus( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        const eT tmp2 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,jj) : P[jj];
+        
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) += tmp1;
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) += tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) += (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        eT* s_col_data = s.colptr(ucol);
+        
+        uword ii,jj;
+        for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_rows; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+          {
+          const eT val1 = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          const eT val2 = P.at(jj,ucol);
+          
+          s_col_data[ii] += val1;
+          s_col_data[jj] += val2;
+          }
+        
+        if(ii < s_n_rows)
+          {
+          s_col_data[ii] += P.at(ii,ucol);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator-= (const Base<eT,T1>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Proxy<T1> P(in.get_ref());
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, P, "subtraction");
+  
+  const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(s.m);
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_warn(is_alias, "aliasing detected");
+  
+  if( (is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) || (is_alias == true) )
+    {
+    const unwrap_check<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
+    const Mat<eT>& x = tmp.M;
+    
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      const eT* x_mem = x.memptr();
+      
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) -= x_mem[ii];
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) -= x_mem[jj];
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) -= x_mem[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        arrayops::inplace_minus( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        const eT tmp2 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,jj) : P[jj];
+        
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) -= tmp1;
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) -= tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) -= (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        eT* s_col_data = s.colptr(ucol);
+        
+        uword ii,jj;
+        for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_rows; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+          {
+          const eT val1 = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          const eT val2 = P.at(jj,ucol);
+          
+          s_col_data[ii] -= val1;
+          s_col_data[jj] -= val2;
+          }
+        
+        if(ii < s_n_rows)
+          {
+          s_col_data[ii] -= P.at(ii,ucol);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator%= (const Base<eT,T1>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Proxy<T1> P(in.get_ref());
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, P, "element-wise multiplication");
+  
+  const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(s.m);
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_warn(is_alias, "aliasing detected");
+  
+  if( (is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) || (is_alias == true) )
+    {
+    const unwrap_check<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
+    const Mat<eT>& x = tmp.M;
+    
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      const eT* x_mem = x.memptr();
+      
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) *= x_mem[ii];
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) *= x_mem[jj];
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) *= x_mem[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        arrayops::inplace_mul( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        const eT tmp2 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,jj) : P[jj];
+        
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) *= tmp1;
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) *= tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) *= (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        eT* s_col_data = s.colptr(ucol);
+        
+        uword ii,jj;
+        for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_rows; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+          {
+          const eT val1 = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          const eT val2 = P.at(jj,ucol);
+          
+          s_col_data[ii] *= val1;
+          s_col_data[jj] *= val2;
+          }
+        
+        if(ii < s_n_rows)
+          {
+          s_col_data[ii] *= P.at(ii,ucol);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator/= (const Base<eT,T1>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Proxy<T1> P(in.get_ref());
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, P, "element-wise division");
+  
+  const bool is_alias = P.is_alias(s.m);
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_warn(is_alias, "aliasing detected");
+  
+  if( (is_Mat<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type>::value == true) || (is_alias == true) )
+    {
+    const unwrap_check<typename Proxy<T1>::stored_type> tmp(P.Q, is_alias);
+    const Mat<eT>& x = tmp.M;
+    
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      const eT* x_mem = x.memptr();
+      
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) /= x_mem[ii];
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) /= x_mem[jj];
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) /= x_mem[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        arrayops::inplace_div( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if(s_n_rows == 1)
+      {
+      Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+      
+      const uword urow      = aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+      
+      uword ii,jj;
+      for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        const eT tmp2 = (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,jj) : P[jj];
+        
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) /= tmp1;
+        A.at(urow, start_col+jj) /= tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(ii < s_n_cols)
+        {
+        A.at(urow, start_col+ii) /= (Proxy<T1>::prefer_at_accessor) ? P.at(0,ii) : P[ii];
+        }
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+        {
+        eT* s_col_data = s.colptr(ucol);
+        
+        uword ii,jj;
+        for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_rows; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+          {
+          const eT val1 = P.at(ii,ucol);
+          const eT val2 = P.at(jj,ucol);
+          
+          s_col_data[ii] /= val1;
+          s_col_data[jj] /= val2;
+          }
+        
+        if(ii < s_n_rows)
+          {
+          s_col_data[ii] /= P.at(ii,ucol);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! x.submat(...) = y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator= (const subview<eT>& x_in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool overlap = check_overlap(x_in);
+  
+        Mat<eT>*     tmp_mat     = overlap ? new Mat<eT>(x_in.m) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>* tmp_subview = overlap ? new subview<eT>(*tmp_mat, x_in.aux_row1, x_in.aux_col1, x_in.n_rows, x_in.n_cols) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>&           x = overlap ? (*tmp_subview) : x_in;
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, x, "copy into submatrix");
+  
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  
+  if(s_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+          Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(s.m);
+    const Mat<eT>& B = x.m;
+    
+    const uword row_A = s.aux_row1;
+    const uword row_B = x.aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword start_col_A = s.aux_col1;
+    const uword start_col_B = x.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      const eT tmp2 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + jj);
+      
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) = tmp1;
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + jj) = tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < s_n_cols)
+      {
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::copy( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(overlap)
+    {
+    delete tmp_subview;
+    delete tmp_mat;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator+= (const subview<eT>& x_in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool overlap = check_overlap(x_in);
+  
+        Mat<eT>*     tmp_mat     = overlap ? new Mat<eT>(x_in.m) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>* tmp_subview = overlap ? new subview(*tmp_mat, x_in.aux_row1, x_in.aux_col1, x_in.n_rows, x_in.n_cols) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>&           x = overlap ? (*tmp_subview) : x_in;
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, x, "addition");
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  if(s_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+          Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(s.m);
+    const Mat<eT>& B = x.m;
+    
+    const uword row_A = s.aux_row1;
+    const uword row_B = x.aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword start_col_A = s.aux_col1;
+    const uword start_col_B = x.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    
+    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      const eT tmp2 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + jj);
+      
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) += tmp1;
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + jj) += tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < s_n_cols)
+      {
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) += B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_plus( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(overlap)
+    {
+    delete tmp_subview;
+    delete tmp_mat;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator-= (const subview<eT>& x_in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool overlap = check_overlap(x_in);
+  
+        Mat<eT>*     tmp_mat     = overlap ? new Mat<eT>(x_in.m) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>* tmp_subview = overlap ? new subview(*tmp_mat, x_in.aux_row1, x_in.aux_col1, x_in.n_rows, x_in.n_cols) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>&           x = overlap ? (*tmp_subview) : x_in;
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, x, "subtraction");
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  if(s_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+          Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(s.m);
+    const Mat<eT>& B = x.m;
+    
+    const uword row_A = s.aux_row1;
+    const uword row_B = x.aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword start_col_A = s.aux_col1;
+    const uword start_col_B = x.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      const eT tmp2 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + jj);
+      
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) -= tmp1;
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + jj) -= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < s_n_cols)
+      {
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) -= B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_minus( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+    
+  if(overlap)
+    {
+    delete tmp_subview;
+    delete tmp_mat;
+    }
+  
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator%= (const subview& x_in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool overlap = check_overlap(x_in);
+  
+        Mat<eT>*     tmp_mat     = overlap ? new Mat<eT>(x_in.m) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>* tmp_subview = overlap ? new subview(*tmp_mat, x_in.aux_row1, x_in.aux_col1, x_in.n_rows, x_in.n_cols) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>&           x = overlap ? (*tmp_subview) : x_in;
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, x, "element-wise multiplication");
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  if(s_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+          Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(s.m);
+    const Mat<eT>& B = x.m;
+    
+    const uword row_A = s.aux_row1;
+    const uword row_B = x.aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword start_col_A = s.aux_col1;
+    const uword start_col_B = x.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      const eT tmp2 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + jj);
+      
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) *= tmp1;
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + jj) *= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < s_n_cols)
+      {
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) *= B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_mul( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(overlap)
+    {
+    delete tmp_subview;
+    delete tmp_mat;
+    }
+  
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::operator/= (const subview& x_in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool overlap = check_overlap(x_in);
+  
+        Mat<eT>*     tmp_mat     = overlap ? new Mat<eT>(x_in.m) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>* tmp_subview = overlap ? new subview(*tmp_mat, x_in.aux_row1, x_in.aux_col1, x_in.n_rows, x_in.n_cols) : 0;
+  const subview<eT>&           x = overlap ? (*tmp_subview) : x_in;
+  
+  subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(s, x, "element-wise division");
+  
+  const uword s_n_rows = s.n_rows;
+  const uword s_n_cols = s.n_cols;
+  
+  if(s_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+          Mat<eT>& A = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(s.m);
+    const Mat<eT>& B = x.m;
+    
+    const uword row_A = s.aux_row1;
+    const uword row_B = x.aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword start_col_A = s.aux_col1;
+    const uword start_col_B = x.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < s_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      const eT tmp2 = B.at(row_B, start_col_B + jj);
+      
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) /= tmp1;
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + jj) /= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < s_n_cols)
+      {
+      A.at(row_A, start_col_A + ii) /= B.at(row_B, start_col_B + ii);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < s_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_div( s.colptr(ucol), x.colptr(ucol), s_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+    
+  if(overlap)
+    {
+    delete tmp_subview;
+    delete tmp_mat;
+    }
+  
+  }
+
+
+
+//! transform each element in the subview using a functor
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename functor>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::transform(functor F)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    for(uword ucol = start_col; ucol < end_col_plus1; ++ucol)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ucol) = eT( F( X.at(urow, ucol) ) );
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+    const uword start_row = aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    const uword end_row_plus1 = start_row + local_n_rows;
+    
+    for(uword ucol = start_col; ucol < end_col_plus1; ++ucol)
+    for(uword urow = start_row; urow < end_row_plus1; ++urow)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ucol) = eT( F( X.at(urow, ucol) ) );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! imbue (fill) the subview with values provided by a functor
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename functor>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::imbue(functor F)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    for(uword ucol = start_col; ucol < end_col_plus1; ++ucol)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ucol) = eT( F() );
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    const uword start_col = aux_col1;
+    const uword start_row = aux_row1;
+    
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    const uword end_row_plus1 = start_row + local_n_rows;
+    
+    for(uword ucol = start_col; ucol < end_col_plus1; ++ucol)
+    for(uword urow = start_row; urow < end_row_plus1; ++urow)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ucol) = eT( F() );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::fill(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  if(local_n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    Mat<eT>& X = const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m);
+    
+    const uword urow          = aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col     = aux_col1;
+    const uword end_col_plus1 = start_col + local_n_cols;
+    
+    uword ii,jj;
+    for(ii=start_col, jj=start_col+1; jj < end_col_plus1; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) = val;
+      X.at(urow, jj) = val;
+      }
+    
+    if(ii < end_col_plus1)
+      {
+      X.at(urow, ii) = val;
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < local_n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_set( colptr(ucol), val, local_n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::zeros()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  (*this).fill(eT(0));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::ones()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  (*this).fill(eT(1));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::eye()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  fill(eT(0));
+  
+  const uword N = (std::min)(n_rows, n_cols);
+  
+  for(uword ii=0; ii < N; ++ii)
+    {
+    at(ii,ii) = eT(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview<eT>::at_alt(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return operator[](ii);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview<eT>::operator[](const uword ii)
+  {
+  const uword in_col = ii / n_rows;
+  const uword in_row = ii % n_rows;
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview<eT>::operator[](const uword ii) const
+  {
+  const uword in_col = ii / n_rows;
+  const uword in_row = ii % n_rows;
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword ii)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+    
+  const uword in_col = ii / n_rows;
+  const uword in_row = ii % n_rows;
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword in_col = ii / n_rows;
+  const uword in_row = ii % n_rows;
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row >= n_rows) || (in_col >= n_cols)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row >= n_rows) || (in_col >= n_cols)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col)
+  {
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  const uword index = (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 + in_row;
+  
+  return m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+eT*
+subview<eT>::colptr(const uword in_col)
+  {
+  return & access::rw((const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).mem[ (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 ]);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const eT*
+subview<eT>::colptr(const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  return & m.mem[ (in_col + aux_col1)*m.n_rows + aux_row1 ];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+subview<eT>::check_overlap(const subview<eT>& x) const
+  {
+  const subview<eT>& s = *this;
+  
+  if(&s.m != &x.m)
+    {
+    return false;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    if( (s.n_elem == 0) || (x.n_elem == 0) )
+      {
+      return false;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      const uword s_row_start  = s.aux_row1;
+      const uword s_row_end_p1 = s_row_start + s.n_rows;
+      
+      const uword s_col_start  = s.aux_col1;
+      const uword s_col_end_p1 = s_col_start + s.n_cols;
+      
+      
+      const uword x_row_start  = x.aux_row1;
+      const uword x_row_end_p1 = x_row_start + x.n_rows;
+      
+      const uword x_col_start  = x.aux_col1;
+      const uword x_col_end_p1 = x_col_start + x.n_cols;
+      
+      
+      const bool outside_rows = ( (x_row_start >= s_row_end_p1) || (s_row_start >= x_row_end_p1) );
+      const bool outside_cols = ( (x_col_start >= s_col_end_p1) || (s_col_start >= x_col_end_p1) );
+      
+      return ( (outside_rows == false) && (outside_cols == false) );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+subview<eT>::is_vec() const
+  {
+  return ( (n_rows == 1) || (n_cols == 1) );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! X = Y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::extract(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  // NOTE: we're assuming that the matrix has already been set to the correct size and there is no aliasing;
+  // size setting and alias checking is done by either the Mat contructor or operator=()
+  
+  const uword n_rows = in.n_rows;  // number of rows in the subview
+  const uword n_cols = in.n_cols;  // number of columns in the subview
+  
+  arma_extra_debug_print(arma_boost::format("out.n_rows = %d   out.n_cols = %d    in.m.n_rows = %d  in.m.n_cols = %d") % out.n_rows % out.n_cols % in.m.n_rows % in.m.n_cols );
+  
+  
+  if(in.is_vec() == true)
+    {
+    if(n_cols == 1)   // a column vector
+      {
+      arma_extra_debug_print("subview::extract(): copying col (going across rows)");
+      
+      // in.colptr(0) the first column of the subview, taking into account any row offset
+      arrayops::copy( out.memptr(), in.colptr(0), n_rows );
+      }
+    else   // a row vector (possibly empty)
+      {
+      arma_extra_debug_print("subview::extract(): copying row (going across columns)");
+      
+      const Mat<eT>& X = in.m;
+      
+      eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+      
+      const uword row       = in.aux_row1;
+      const uword start_col = in.aux_col1;
+      
+      uword i,j;
+      
+      for(i=0, j=1; j < n_cols; i+=2, j+=2)
+        {
+        const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+        const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+j);
+        
+        out_mem[i] = tmp1;
+        out_mem[j] = tmp2;
+        }
+      
+      if(i < n_cols)
+        {
+        out_mem[i] = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else   // general submatrix
+    {
+    arma_extra_debug_print("subview::extract(): general submatrix");
+    
+    for(uword col=0; col < n_cols; ++col)
+      {
+      arrayops::copy( out.colptr(col), in.colptr(col), n_rows );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! X += Y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::plus_inplace(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(out, in, "addition");
+  
+  const uword n_rows = in.n_rows;
+  const uword n_cols = in.n_cols;
+  
+  if(n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+    
+    const Mat<eT>& X = in.m;
+    
+    const uword row       = in.aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col = in.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword i,j;
+    for(i=0, j=1; j < n_cols; i+=2, j+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+j);
+        
+      out_mem[i] += tmp1;
+      out_mem[j] += tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(i < n_cols)
+      {
+      out_mem[i] += X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword col=0; col < n_cols; ++col)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_plus(out.colptr(col), in.colptr(col), n_rows);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! X -= Y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::minus_inplace(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(out, in, "subtraction");
+  
+  const uword n_rows = in.n_rows;
+  const uword n_cols = in.n_cols;
+  
+  if(n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+    
+    const Mat<eT>& X = in.m;
+    
+    const uword row       = in.aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col = in.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword i,j;
+    for(i=0, j=1; j < n_cols; i+=2, j+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+j);
+        
+      out_mem[i] -= tmp1;
+      out_mem[j] -= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(i < n_cols)
+      {
+      out_mem[i] -= X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword col=0; col < n_cols; ++col)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_minus(out.colptr(col), in.colptr(col), n_rows);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! X %= Y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::schur_inplace(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(out, in, "element-wise multiplication");
+  
+  const uword n_rows = in.n_rows;
+  const uword n_cols = in.n_cols;
+  
+  if(n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+    
+    const Mat<eT>& X = in.m;
+    
+    const uword row       = in.aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col = in.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword i,j;
+    for(i=0, j=1; j < n_cols; i+=2, j+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+j);
+        
+      out_mem[i] *= tmp1;
+      out_mem[j] *= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(i < n_cols)
+      {
+      out_mem[i] *= X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword col=0; col < n_cols; ++col)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_mul(out.colptr(col), in.colptr(col), n_rows);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! X /= Y.submat(...)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::div_inplace(Mat<eT>& out, const subview<eT>& in)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(out, in, "element-wise division");
+  
+  const uword n_rows = in.n_rows;
+  const uword n_cols = in.n_cols;
+  
+  if(n_rows == 1)
+    {
+    eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+    
+    const Mat<eT>& X = in.m;
+    
+    const uword row       = in.aux_row1;
+    const uword start_col = in.aux_col1;
+    
+    uword i,j;
+    for(i=0, j=1; j < n_cols; i+=2, j+=2)
+      {
+      const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+j);
+        
+      out_mem[i] /= tmp1;
+      out_mem[j] /= tmp2;
+      }
+    
+    if(i < n_cols)
+      {
+      out_mem[i] /= X.at(row, start_col+i);
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    for(uword col=0; col < n_cols; ++col)
+      {
+      arrayops::inplace_div(out.colptr(col), in.colptr(col), n_rows);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (row vector)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>
+subview<eT>::row(const uword row_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( row_num >= n_rows, "subview::row(): out of bounds" );
+  
+  const uword base_row = aux_row1 + row_num;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(m, base_row, aux_col1, n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (row vector)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_row<eT>
+subview<eT>::row(const uword row_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( row_num >= n_rows, "subview::row(): out of bounds" );
+  
+  const uword base_row = aux_row1 + row_num;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(m, base_row, aux_col1, n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword row_num, const span& col_span)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  
+  const uword in_col1       = col_all ? 0            : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2       =                          col_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_cols = col_all ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1     = aux_col1 + in_col1;  
+  const uword base_row      = aux_row1 + row_num;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (row_num >= n_rows)
+    ||
+    ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::operator(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(m, base_row, base_col1, submat_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_row<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const uword row_num, const span& col_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  
+  const uword in_col1       = col_all ? 0            : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2       =                          col_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_cols = col_all ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1     = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  const uword base_row      = aux_row1 + row_num;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (row_num >= n_rows)
+    ||
+    ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::operator(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(m, base_row, base_col1, submat_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (column vector)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>
+subview<eT>::col(const uword col_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( col_num >= n_cols, "subview::col(): out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword base_col = aux_col1 + col_num;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(m, base_col, aux_row1, n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (column vector)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_col<eT>
+subview<eT>::col(const uword col_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( col_num >= n_cols, "subview::col(): out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword base_col = aux_col1 + col_num;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(m, base_col, aux_row1, n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const uword col_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  const uword in_row1       = row_all ? 0            : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2       =                          row_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_rows = row_all ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1       = aux_row1 + in_row1;  
+  const uword base_col        = aux_col1 + col_num;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (col_num >= n_cols)
+    ||
+    ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::operator(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(m, base_col, base_row1, submat_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_col<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const uword col_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  
+  const uword in_row1       = row_all ? 0            : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2       =                          row_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_rows = row_all ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1       = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  const uword base_col        = aux_col1 + col_num;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (col_num >= n_cols)
+    ||
+    ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::operator(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(m, base_col, base_row1, submat_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a Col object which uses memory from an existing matrix object.
+//! this approach is currently not alias safe
+//! and does not take into account that the parent matrix object could be deleted.
+//! if deleted memory is accessed by the created Col object,
+//! it will cause memory corruption and/or a crash
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Col<eT>
+subview<eT>::unsafe_col(const uword col_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( col_num >= n_cols, "subview::unsafe_col(): out of bounds");
+  
+  return Col<eT>(colptr(col_num), n_rows, false, true);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a Col object which uses memory from an existing matrix object.
+//! this approach is currently not alias safe
+//! and does not take into account that the parent matrix object could be deleted.
+//! if deleted memory is accessed by the created Col object,
+//! it will cause memory corruption and/or a crash
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Col<eT>
+subview<eT>::unsafe_col(const uword col_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( col_num >= n_cols, "subview::unsafe_col(): out of bounds");
+  
+  return Col<eT>(const_cast<eT*>(colptr(col_num)), n_rows, false, true);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix comprised of specified row vectors)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::rows(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= n_rows),
+    "subview::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, aux_col1, subview_n_rows, n_cols );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix comprised of specified row vectors)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::rows(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= n_rows),
+    "subview::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, aux_col1, subview_n_rows, n_cols );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix comprised of specified column vectors)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::cols(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
+    "subview::cols(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, aux_row1, base_col1, n_rows, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix comprised of specified column vectors)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::cols(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
+    "subview::cols(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, aux_row1, base_col1, n_rows, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::submat(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_row2 >= n_rows) || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
+    "subview::submat(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, base_col1, subview_n_rows, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (generic submatrix)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::submat(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_row2 >= n_rows) || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
+    "subview::submat(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, base_col1, subview_n_rows, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (submatrix)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::submat(const span& row_span, const span& col_span)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
+  const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  
+  const uword in_row1       = row_all ? 0            : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2       =                          row_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_rows = row_all ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_col1       = col_all ? 0            : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2       =                          col_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_cols = col_all ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
+    ||
+    ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::submat(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, base_col1, submat_n_rows, submat_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview (generic submatrix)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::submat(const span& row_span, const span& col_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all = row_span.whole;
+  const bool col_all = col_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows = n_rows;
+  const uword local_n_cols = n_cols;
+  
+  const uword in_row1       = row_all ? 0            : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2       =                          row_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_rows = row_all ? local_n_rows : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_col1       = col_all ? 0            : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2       =                          col_span.b;
+  const uword submat_n_cols = col_all ? local_n_cols : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ( row_all ? false : ((in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= local_n_rows)) )
+    ||
+    ( col_all ? false : ((in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= local_n_cols)) )
+    ,
+    "subview::submat(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  const uword base_col1 = aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview<eT>(m, base_row1, base_col1, submat_n_rows, submat_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).submat(row_span, col_span);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview<eT>
+subview<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).submat(row_span, col_span);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_each1< subview<eT>, 0 >
+subview<eT>::each_col()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return subview_each1< subview<eT>, 0 >(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_each1< subview<eT>, 1 >
+subview<eT>::each_row()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return subview_each1< subview<eT>, 1 >(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+subview_each2< subview<eT>, 0, T1 >
+subview<eT>::each_col(const Base<uword,T1>& indices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return subview_each2< subview<eT>, 0, T1 >(*this, indices);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+subview_each2< subview<eT>, 1, T1 >
+subview<eT>::each_row(const Base<uword,T1>& indices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return subview_each2< subview<eT>, 1, T1 >(*this, indices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of diagview (diagonal)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+diagview<eT>
+subview<eT>::diag(const sword in_id)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword row_offset = (in_id < 0) ? uword(-in_id) : 0;
+  const uword col_offset = (in_id > 0) ? uword( in_id) : 0;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ((row_offset > 0) && (row_offset >= n_rows)) || ((col_offset > 0) && (col_offset >= n_cols)),
+    "subview::diag(): requested diagonal out of bounds"
+    );
+  
+  const uword len = (std::min)(n_rows - row_offset, n_cols - col_offset);
+  
+  const uword base_row_offset = aux_row1 + row_offset;
+  const uword base_col_offset = aux_col1 + col_offset;
+  
+  return diagview<eT>(m, base_row_offset, base_col_offset, len);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of diagview (diagonal)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const diagview<eT>
+subview<eT>::diag(const sword in_id) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword row_offset = (in_id < 0) ? -in_id : 0;
+  const uword col_offset = (in_id > 0) ?  in_id : 0;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ((row_offset > 0) && (row_offset >= n_rows)) || ((col_offset > 0) && (col_offset >= n_cols)),
+    "subview::diag(): requested diagonal out of bounds"
+    );
+  
+  const uword len = (std::min)(n_rows - row_offset, n_cols - col_offset);
+  
+  const uword base_row_offset = aux_row1 + row_offset;
+  const uword base_col_offset = aux_col1 + col_offset;
+  
+  return diagview<eT>(m, base_row_offset, base_col_offset, len);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::swap_rows(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 >= n_rows) || (in_row2 >= n_rows),
+    "subview::swap_rows(): out of bounds"
+    );
+  
+  eT* mem = (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(m)).memptr();
+  
+  if(n_elem > 0)
+    {
+    const uword m_n_rows = m.n_rows;
+    
+    for(uword ucol=0; ucol < n_cols; ++ucol)
+      {
+      const uword offset = (aux_col1 + ucol) * m_n_rows;
+      const uword pos1   = aux_row1 + in_row1 + offset;
+      const uword pos2   = aux_row1 + in_row2 + offset;
+      
+      std::swap( access::rw(mem[pos1]), access::rw(mem[pos2]) );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview<eT>::swap_cols(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_col1 >= n_cols) || (in_col2 >= n_cols),
+    "subview::swap_cols(): out of bounds"
+    );
+  
+  if(n_elem > 0)
+    {
+    eT* ptr1 = colptr(in_col1);
+    eT* ptr2 = colptr(in_col2);
+    
+    for(uword urow=0; urow < n_rows; ++urow)
+      {
+      std::swap( ptr1[urow], ptr2[urow] );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+// template<typename eT>
+// inline
+// subview<eT>::iter::iter(const subview<eT>& S)
+//   : mem       (S.m.mem)
+//   , n_rows    (S.m.n_rows)
+//   , row_start (S.aux_row1)
+//   , row_end_p1(row_start + S.n_rows)
+//   , row       (row_start)
+//   , col       (S.aux_col1)
+//   , i         (row + col*n_rows)
+//   {
+//   arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+//   }
+// 
+// 
+// 
+// template<typename eT>
+// arma_inline
+// eT
+// subview<eT>::iter::operator*() const
+//   {
+//   return mem[i];
+//   }
+// 
+// 
+// 
+// template<typename eT>
+// inline
+// void
+// subview<eT>::iter::operator++()
+//   {
+//   ++row;
+//   
+//   if(row < row_end_p1)
+//     {
+//     ++i;
+//     }
+//   else
+//     {
+//     row = row_start;
+//     ++col;
+//     
+//     i = row + col*n_rows;
+//     }
+//   }
+// 
+// 
+// 
+// template<typename eT>
+// inline
+// void
+// subview<eT>::iter::operator++(int)
+//   {
+//   operator++();
+//   }
+
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>::subview_col(const Mat<eT>& in_m, const uword in_col)
+  : subview<eT>(in_m, 0, in_col, in_m.n_rows, 1)
+  , colmem(subview<eT>::colptr(0)) 
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>::subview_col(const Mat<eT>& in_m, const uword in_col, const uword in_row1, const uword in_n_rows)
+  : subview<eT>(in_m, in_row1, in_col, in_n_rows, 1)
+  , colmem(subview<eT>::colptr(0)) 
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_col<eT>::operator=(const subview<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X);
+  
+  access::rw(colmem) = subview<eT>::colptr(0);
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_cols > 1), "subview_col(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_col<eT>::operator=(const subview_col<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X); // interprets 'subview_col' as 'subview'
+  
+  access::rw(colmem) = subview<eT>::colptr(0);
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_cols > 1), "subview_col(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview_col<eT>::operator=(const Base<eT,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X);
+  
+  access::rw(colmem) = subview<eT>::colptr(0);
+
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_cols > 1), "subview_col(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_col<eT>,op_htrans>
+subview_col<eT>::t() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_col<eT>,op_htrans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_col<eT>,op_htrans>
+subview_col<eT>::ht() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_col<eT>,op_htrans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_col<eT>,op_strans>
+subview_col<eT>::st() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_col<eT>,op_strans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+eT
+subview_col<eT>::at_alt(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  const eT* colmem_aligned = colmem;
+  memory::mark_as_aligned(colmem_aligned);
+  
+  return colmem_aligned[ii];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+eT&
+subview_col<eT>::operator[](const uword ii)
+  {
+  return access::rw( colmem[ii] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+eT
+subview_col<eT>::operator[](const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return colmem[ii];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_col<eT>::operator()(const uword ii)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= subview<eT>::n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+    
+  return access::rw( colmem[ii] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_col<eT>::operator()(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= subview<eT>::n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return colmem[ii];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_col<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row >= subview<eT>::n_rows) || (in_col > 0)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return access::rw( colmem[in_row] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_col<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row >= subview<eT>::n_rows) || (in_col > 0)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return colmem[in_row];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_col<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword)
+  {
+  return access::rw( colmem[in_row] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_col<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword) const
+  {
+  return colmem[in_row];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+eT*
+subview_col<eT>::colptr(const uword)
+  {
+  return const_cast<eT*>(colmem);
+  }
+  
+  
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const eT*
+subview_col<eT>::colptr(const uword) const
+  {
+  return colmem;
+  }
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>
+subview_col<eT>::rows(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= subview<eT>::n_rows) ), "subview_col::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = this->aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(this->m, this->aux_col1, base_row1, subview_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_col<eT>
+subview_col<eT>::rows(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= subview<eT>::n_rows) ), "subview_col::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = this->aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(this->m, this->aux_col1, base_row1, subview_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_col<eT>
+subview_col<eT>::subvec(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= subview<eT>::n_rows) ), "subview_col::subvec(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = this->aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(this->m, this->aux_col1, base_row1, subview_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_col<eT>
+subview_col<eT>::subvec(const uword in_row1, const uword in_row2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_row1 > in_row2) || (in_row2 >= subview<eT>::n_rows) ), "subview_col::subvec(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_rows = in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_row1 = this->aux_row1 + in_row1;
+  
+  return subview_col<eT>(this->m, this->aux_col1, base_row1, subview_n_rows);
+  }
+
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>::subview_row(const Mat<eT>& in_m, const uword in_row)
+  : subview<eT>(in_m, in_row, 0, 1, in_m.n_cols)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>::subview_row(const Mat<eT>& in_m, const uword in_row, const uword in_col1, const uword in_n_cols)
+  : subview<eT>(in_m, in_row, in_col1, 1, in_n_cols)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_row<eT>::operator=(const subview<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_rows > 1), "subview_row(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_row<eT>::operator=(const subview_row<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X); // interprets 'subview_row' as 'subview'
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_rows > 1), "subview_row(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+subview_row<eT>::operator=(const Base<eT,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview<eT>::operator=(X);
+  arma_debug_check( (subview<eT>::n_rows > 1), "subview_row(): incompatible dimensions" );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_row<eT>,op_htrans>
+subview_row<eT>::t() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_row<eT>,op_htrans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_row<eT>,op_htrans>
+subview_row<eT>::ht() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_row<eT>,op_htrans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Op<subview_row<eT>,op_strans>
+subview_row<eT>::st() const
+  {
+  return Op<subview_row<eT>,op_strans>(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row<eT>::at_alt(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  const uword index = (ii + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return subview<eT>::m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_row<eT>::operator[](const uword ii)
+  {
+  const uword index = (ii + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(subview<eT>::m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row<eT>::operator[](const uword ii) const
+  {
+  const uword index = (ii + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return subview<eT>::m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_row<eT>::operator()(const uword ii)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= subview<eT>::n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+    
+  const uword index = (ii + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(subview<eT>::m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row<eT>::operator()(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (ii >= subview<eT>::n_elem), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword index = (ii + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return subview<eT>::m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_row<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row > 0) || (in_col >= subview<eT>::n_cols)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(subview<eT>::m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( ((in_row > 0) || (in_col >= subview<eT>::n_cols)), "subview::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  const uword index = (in_col + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return subview<eT>::m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT&
+subview_row<eT>::at(const uword, const uword in_col)
+  {
+  const uword index = (in_col + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return access::rw( (const_cast< Mat<eT>& >(subview<eT>::m)).mem[index] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row<eT>::at(const uword, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  const uword index = (in_col + (subview<eT>::aux_col1))*(subview<eT>::m).n_rows + (subview<eT>::aux_row1);
+  
+  return subview<eT>::m.mem[index];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>
+subview_row<eT>::cols(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= subview<eT>::n_cols) ), "subview_row::cols(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used" );
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1 = this->aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(this->m, this->aux_row1, base_col1, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_row<eT>
+subview_row<eT>::cols(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= subview<eT>::n_cols) ), "subview_row::cols(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1 = this->aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(this->m, this->aux_row1, base_col1, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row<eT>
+subview_row<eT>::subvec(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= subview<eT>::n_cols) ), "subview_row::subvec(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1 = this->aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(this->m, this->aux_row1, base_col1, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_row<eT>
+subview_row<eT>::subvec(const uword in_col1, const uword in_col2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( ( (in_col1 > in_col2) || (in_col2 >= subview<eT>::n_cols) ), "subview_row::subvec(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used");
+  
+  const uword subview_n_cols = in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword base_col1 = this->aux_col1 + in_col1;
+  
+  return subview_row<eT>(this->m, this->aux_row1, base_col1, subview_n_cols);
+  }
+
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row_strans<eT>::subview_row_strans(const subview_row<eT>& in_sv_row)
+  : sv_row(in_sv_row       )
+  , n_rows(in_sv_row.n_cols)
+  , n_elem(in_sv_row.n_elem)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_row_strans<eT>::extract(Mat<eT>& out) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  // NOTE: this function assumes that matrix 'out' has already been set to the correct size
+  
+  const Mat<eT>& X = sv_row.m;
+  
+  eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+  
+  const uword row           = sv_row.aux_row1;
+  const uword start_col     = sv_row.aux_col1;
+  const uword sv_row_n_cols = sv_row.n_cols;
+  
+  uword ii,jj;
+  
+  for(ii=0, jj=1; jj < sv_row_n_cols; ii+=2, jj+=2)
+    {
+    const eT tmp1 = X.at(row, start_col+ii);
+    const eT tmp2 = X.at(row, start_col+jj);
+    
+    out_mem[ii] = tmp1;
+    out_mem[jj] = tmp2;
+    }
+  
+  if(ii < sv_row_n_cols)
+    {
+    out_mem[ii] = X.at(row, start_col+ii);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_strans<eT>::at_alt(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return sv_row[ii];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_strans<eT>::operator[](const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return sv_row[ii];
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_strans<eT>::operator()(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return sv_row(ii);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_strans<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  return sv_row(in_col, in_row);  // deliberately swapped
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_strans<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword) const
+  {
+  return sv_row.at(0, in_row);  // deliberately swapped
+  }
+
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::subview_row_htrans(const subview_row<eT>& in_sv_row)
+  : sv_row(in_sv_row       )
+  , n_rows(in_sv_row.n_cols)
+  , n_elem(in_sv_row.n_elem)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::extract(Mat<eT>& out) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  // NOTE: this function assumes that matrix 'out' has already been set to the correct size
+  
+  const Mat<eT>& X = sv_row.m;
+  
+  eT* out_mem = out.memptr();
+  
+  const uword row           = sv_row.aux_row1;
+  const uword start_col     = sv_row.aux_col1;
+  const uword sv_row_n_cols = sv_row.n_cols;
+  
+  for(uword ii=0; ii < sv_row_n_cols; ++ii)
+    {
+    out_mem[ii] = access::alt_conj( X.at(row, start_col+ii) );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::at_alt(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return access::alt_conj( sv_row[ii] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::operator[](const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return access::alt_conj( sv_row[ii] );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::operator()(const uword ii) const
+  {
+  return access::alt_conj( sv_row(ii) );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::operator()(const uword in_row, const uword in_col) const
+  {
+  return access::alt_conj( sv_row(in_col, in_row) );  // deliberately swapped
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+subview_row_htrans<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword) const
+  {
+  return access::alt_conj( sv_row.at(0, in_row) );  // deliberately swapped
+  }
+
+
+
+//! @}