comparison armadillo-2.4.4/include/armadillo_bits/Cube_meat.hpp @ 0:8b6102e2a9b0

Armadillo Library

+// Copyright (C) 2008-2011 NICTA (www.nicta.com.au)
+// Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Conrad Sanderson
+// 
+// This file is part of the Armadillo C++ library.
+// It is provided without any warranty of fitness
+// for any purpose. You can redistribute this file
+// and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
+// Lesser General Public License (LGPL) as published
+// by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
+// of the License or (at your option) any later version.
+// (see http://www.opensource.org/licenses for more info)
+
+
+//! \addtogroup Cube
+//! @{
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::~Cube()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  delete_mat();
+  
+  if(mem_state == 0)
+    {
+    if(n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
+      {
+      #if defined(ARMA_USE_TBB_ALLOC)
+        scalable_free((void *)(mem));
+      #else
+        delete [] mem;
+      #endif
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(arma_config::debug == true)
+    {
+    // try to expose buggy user code that accesses deleted objects
+    access::rw(n_rows)   = 0;
+    access::rw(n_cols)   = 0;
+    access::rw(n_slices) = 0;
+    access::rw(n_elem)   = 0;
+    access::rw(mat_ptrs) = 0;
+    access::rw(mem)      = 0;
+    }
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_supported_elem_type<eT>::value == false ));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube()
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct the cube to have user specified dimensions
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
+  : n_rows(in_n_rows)
+  , n_cols(in_n_cols)
+  , n_elem_slice(in_n_rows*in_n_cols)
+  , n_slices(in_n_slices)
+  , n_elem(in_n_rows*in_n_cols*in_n_slices)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::init_cold()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint( arma_boost::format("n_rows = %d, n_cols = %d, n_slices = %d") % n_rows % n_cols % n_slices );
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+      (
+      ( (n_rows > 0x0FFF) || (n_cols > 0x0FFF) || (n_slices > 0xFF) )
+        ? ( (float(n_rows) * float(n_cols) * float(n_slices)) > float(ARMA_MAX_UWORD) )
+        : false
+      ),
+    "Cube::init(): requested size is too large"
+    );
+  
+  if(n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
+    {
+    access::rw(mem) = mem_local;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): allocating memory");
+    
+    #if defined(ARMA_USE_TBB_ALLOC)
+      access::rw(mem) = (eT *)scalable_malloc(sizeof(eT)*n_elem);
+    #else
+      access::rw(mem) = new(std::nothrow) eT[n_elem];
+    #endif
+    
+    arma_check_bad_alloc( (mem == 0), "Cube::init(): out of memory" );
+    }
+  
+  
+  if(n_elem == 0)
+    {
+    access::rw(n_rows)       = 0;
+    access::rw(n_cols)       = 0;
+    access::rw(n_elem_slice) = 0;
+    access::rw(n_slices)     = 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    create_mat();
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! internal cube construction; if the requested size is small enough, memory from the stack is used.
+//! otherwise memory is allocated via 'new'
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::init_warm(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint( arma_boost::format("in_n_rows = %d, in_n_cols = %d, in_n_slices = %d") % in_n_rows % in_n_cols % in_n_slices );
+  
+  if( (n_rows == in_n_rows) && (n_cols == in_n_cols) && (n_slices == in_n_slices) )
+    {
+    return;
+    }
+  
+  const uword t_mem_state = mem_state;
+  
+  bool  err_state = false;
+  char* err_msg   = 0;
+  
+  arma_debug_set_error
+    (
+    err_state,
+    err_msg,
+    (t_mem_state == 3),
+    "Cube::init(): size is fixed and hence cannot be changed"
+    );
+  
+  arma_debug_set_error
+    (
+    err_state,
+    err_msg,
+      (
+      ( (in_n_rows > 0x0FFF) || (in_n_cols > 0x0FFF) || (in_n_slices > 0xFF) )
+        ? ( (float(in_n_rows) * float(in_n_cols) * float(in_n_slices)) > float(ARMA_MAX_UWORD) )
+        : false
+      ),
+    "Cube::init(): requested size is too large"
+    );
+  
+  arma_debug_check(err_state, err_msg);
+  
+  const uword old_n_elem = n_elem;
+  const uword new_n_elem = in_n_rows * in_n_cols * in_n_slices;
+  
+  if(old_n_elem == new_n_elem)
+    {
+    delete_mat();
+    
+    if(new_n_elem > 0)
+      {
+      access::rw(n_rows)       = in_n_rows;
+      access::rw(n_cols)       = in_n_cols;
+      access::rw(n_elem_slice) = in_n_rows*in_n_cols;
+      access::rw(n_slices)     = in_n_slices;
+      
+      create_mat();
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    arma_debug_check( (t_mem_state == 2), "Cube::init(): requested size is not compatible with the size of auxiliary memory" );
+    
+    delete_mat();
+    
+    if(t_mem_state == 0)
+      {
+      if(n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem )
+        {
+        arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): freeing memory");
+        
+        #if defined(ARMA_USE_TBB_ALLOC)
+          scalable_free((void *)(mem));
+        #else
+          delete [] mem;
+        #endif
+        }
+      }
+    
+    access::rw(mem_state) = 0;
+    
+    if(new_n_elem <= Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)
+      {
+      access::rw(mem) = mem_local;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      arma_extra_debug_print("Cube::init(): allocating memory");
+      
+      #if defined(ARMA_USE_TBB_ALLOC)
+        access::rw(mem) = (eT *)scalable_malloc(sizeof(eT)*new_n_elem);
+      #else
+        access::rw(mem) = new(std::nothrow) eT[new_n_elem];
+      #endif
+      
+      arma_check_bad_alloc( (mem == 0), "Cube::init(): out of memory" );
+      }
+    
+    if(new_n_elem > 0)
+      {
+      access::rw(n_rows)       = in_n_rows;
+      access::rw(n_cols)       = in_n_cols;
+      access::rw(n_elem_slice) = in_n_rows*in_n_cols;
+      access::rw(n_slices)     = in_n_slices;
+      access::rw(n_elem)       = new_n_elem;
+      
+      create_mat();
+      }
+    }
+  
+  
+  if(new_n_elem == 0)
+    {
+    access::rw(n_rows)       = 0;
+    access::rw(n_cols)       = 0;
+    access::rw(n_elem_slice) = 0;
+    access::rw(n_slices)     = 0;
+    access::rw(n_elem)       = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! for constructing a complex cube out of two non-complex cubes
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::init
+  (
+  const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A,
+  const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B
+  )
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  typedef typename T1::elem_type          T;
+  typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type1;
+  typedef typename ProxyCube<T2>::ea_type ea_type2;
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_complex<eT>::value == false ));   //!< compile-time abort if eT isn't std::complex
+  arma_type_check(( is_complex< T>::value == true  ));   //!< compile-time abort if T is std::complex
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< std::complex<T>, eT >::value == false ));   //!< compile-time abort if types are not compatible
+  
+  const ProxyCube<T1> X(A.get_ref());
+  const ProxyCube<T2> Y(B.get_ref());
+  
+  arma_assert_same_size(X, Y, "Cube()");
+  
+  init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols(), X.get_n_slices());
+  
+  const uword      N       = n_elem;
+        eT*      out_mem = memptr();
+        ea_type1 PX      = X.get_ea();
+        ea_type2 PY      = Y.get_ea();
+  
+  for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
+    {
+    out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>(PX[i], PY[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! try to steal the memory from a given cube; 
+//! if memory can't be stolen, copy the given cube
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::steal_mem(Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(this != &x)
+    {
+    if( (x.mem_state == 0) && (x.n_elem > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem) )
+      {
+      reset();
+      
+      const uword x_n_slices = x.n_slices;
+      
+      access::rw(n_rows)       = x.n_rows;
+      access::rw(n_cols)       = x.n_cols;
+      access::rw(n_elem_slice) = x.n_elem_slice;
+      access::rw(n_slices)     = x_n_slices;
+      access::rw(n_elem)       = x.n_elem;
+      access::rw(mem)          = x.mem;
+      
+      if(x_n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
+        {
+        access::rw(  mat_ptrs) = x.mat_ptrs;
+        access::rw(x.mat_ptrs) = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+        access::rw(mat_ptrs) = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >(mat_ptrs_local);
+        
+        for(uword i=0; i < x_n_slices; ++i)
+          {
+            mat_ptrs[i] = x.mat_ptrs[i];
+          x.mat_ptrs[i] = 0;
+          }
+        }
+      
+      access::rw(x.n_rows)       = 0;
+      access::rw(x.n_cols)       = 0;
+      access::rw(x.n_elem_slice) = 0;
+      access::rw(x.n_slices)     = 0;
+      access::rw(x.n_elem)       = 0;
+      access::rw(x.mem)          = 0;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      (*this).operator=(x);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::delete_mat()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  for(uword slice = 0; slice < n_slices; ++slice)
+    {
+    delete access::rw(mat_ptrs[slice]);
+    }
+  
+  if(mem_state <= 2)
+    {
+    if(n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
+      {
+      delete [] mat_ptrs;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::create_mat()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(mem_state <= 2)
+    {
+    if(n_slices <= Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size)
+      {
+      access::rw(mat_ptrs) = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >(mat_ptrs_local);
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      access::rw(mat_ptrs) = new(std::nothrow) const Mat<eT>*[n_slices];
+      
+      arma_check_bad_alloc( (mat_ptrs == 0), "Cube::create_mat(): out of memory" );
+      }
+    }
+  
+  for(uword slice = 0; slice < n_slices; ++slice)
+    {
+    mat_ptrs[slice] = new Mat<eT>('j', slice_memptr(slice), n_rows, n_cols);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! Set the cube to be equal to the specified scalar.
+//! NOTE: the size of the cube will be 1x1x1
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  init_warm(1,1,1);
+  access::rw(mem[0]) = val;
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! In-place addition of a scalar to all elements of the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_plus( memptr(), val, n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! In-place subtraction of a scalar from all elements of the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_minus( memptr(), val, n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! In-place multiplication of all elements of the cube with a scalar
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator*=(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_mul( memptr(), val, n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! In-place division of all elements of the cube with a scalar
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_div( memptr(), val, n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a given cube
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const Cube<eT>& x)
+  : n_rows(x.n_rows)
+  , n_cols(x.n_cols)
+  , n_elem_slice(x.n_elem_slice)
+  , n_slices(x.n_slices)
+  , n_elem(x.n_elem)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &x);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  arrayops::copy( memptr(), x.mem, n_elem );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a given cube
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint(arma_boost::format("this = %x   in_cube = %x") % this % &x);
+  
+  if(this != &x)
+    {
+    init_warm(x.n_rows, x.n_cols, x.n_slices);
+    
+    arrayops::copy( memptr(), x.mem, n_elem );
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a given auxiliary array of eTs.
+//! if copy_aux_mem is true, new memory is allocated and the array is copied.
+//! if copy_aux_mem is false, the auxiliary array is used directly (without allocating memory and copying).
+//! note that in the latter case 
+//! the default is to copy the array.
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(eT* aux_mem, const uword aux_n_rows, const uword aux_n_cols, const uword aux_n_slices, const bool copy_aux_mem, const bool strict)
+  : n_rows      ( aux_n_rows                          )
+  , n_cols      ( aux_n_cols                          )
+  , n_elem_slice( aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols               )
+  , n_slices    ( aux_n_slices                        )
+  , n_elem      ( aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols*aux_n_slices  )
+  , mem_state   ( copy_aux_mem ? 0 : (strict ? 2 : 1) )
+  , mat_ptrs    ( 0                                   )
+  , mem         ( copy_aux_mem ? 0 : aux_mem          )
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  if(copy_aux_mem == true)
+    {
+    init_cold();
+    
+    arrayops::copy( memptr(), aux_mem, n_elem );
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    create_mat();
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a given auxiliary read-only array of eTs.
+//! the array is copied.
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const eT* aux_mem, const uword aux_n_rows, const uword aux_n_cols, const uword aux_n_slices)
+  : n_rows(aux_n_rows)
+  , n_cols(aux_n_cols)
+  , n_elem_slice(aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols)
+  , n_slices(aux_n_slices)
+  , n_elem(aux_n_rows*aux_n_cols*aux_n_slices)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  arrayops::copy( memptr(), aux_mem, n_elem );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const Cube<eT>& m)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "cube addition");
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_plus( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const Cube<eT>& m)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "cube subtraction");
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_minus( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place element-wise cube multiplication
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const Cube<eT>& m)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "element-wise cube multiplication");
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_mul( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place element-wise cube division
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const Cube<eT>& m)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size(*this, m, "element-wise cube division");
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_div( memptr(), m.memptr(), n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! for constructing a complex cube out of two non-complex cubes
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube
+  (
+  const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& A,
+  const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T2>& B
+  )
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init(A,B);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a subview_cube instance (e.g. construct a cube from a delayed subcube operation)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  : n_rows(X.n_rows)
+  , n_cols(X.n_cols)
+  , n_elem_slice(X.n_elem_slice)
+  , n_slices(X.n_slices)
+  , n_elem(X.n_elem)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  subview_cube<eT>::extract(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! construct a cube from a subview_cube instance (e.g. construct a cube from a delayed subcube operation)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool alias = (this == &(X.m));
+  
+  if(alias == false)
+    {
+    init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols, X.n_slices);
+    
+    subview_cube<eT>::extract(*this, X);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    Cube<eT> tmp(X);
+    
+    steal_mem(tmp);
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview_cube<eT>::plus_inplace(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview_cube<eT>::minus_inplace(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place element-wise cube mutiplication (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview_cube<eT>::schur_inplace(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place element-wise cube division (using a subcube on the right-hand-side)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const subview_cube<eT>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  subview_cube<eT>::div_inplace(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! provide the reference to the matrix representing a single slice
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+Mat<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::slice(const uword in_slice)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_slice >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::slice(): index out of bounds"
+    );
+  
+  return const_cast< Mat<eT>& >( *(mat_ptrs[in_slice]) );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! provide the reference to the matrix representing a single slice
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Mat<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::slice(const uword in_slice) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_slice >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::slice(): index out of bounds"
+    );
+   
+  return *(mat_ptrs[in_slice]);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (subcube comprised of specified slices)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::slices(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, 0, 0, in_slice1, n_rows, n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (subcube comprised of specified slices)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::rows(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, 0, 0, in_slice1, n_rows, n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2, const uword in_slice2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_slice1 >  in_slice2) ||
+    (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols)  || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword subcube_n_rows   = in_row2   - in_row1   + 1;
+  const uword subcube_n_cols   = in_col2   - in_col1   + 1;
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::subcube(const uword in_row1, const uword in_col1, const uword in_slice1, const uword in_row2, const uword in_col2, const uword in_slice2) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row1 >  in_row2) || (in_col1 >  in_col2) || (in_slice1 >  in_slice2) ||
+    (in_row2 >= n_rows)  || (in_col2 >= n_cols)  || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+    
+  const uword subcube_n_rows   = in_row2   - in_row1   + 1;
+  const uword subcube_n_cols   = in_col2   - in_col1   + 1;
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::subcube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all   = row_span.whole;
+  const bool col_all   = col_span.whole;
+  const bool slice_all = slice_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
+  const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_slices = n_slices;
+  
+  const uword in_row1          = row_all   ? 0              : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2          =                              row_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_rows   = row_all   ? local_n_rows   : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_col1          = col_all   ? 0              : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2          =                              col_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_cols   = col_all   ? local_n_cols   : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_slice1        = slice_all ? 0              : slice_span.a;
+  const uword in_slice2        =                              slice_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = slice_all ? local_n_slices : in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ( row_all   ? false : ((in_row1   >  in_row2)   || (in_row2   >= local_n_rows))   )
+    ||
+    ( col_all   ? false : ((in_col1   >  in_col2)   || (in_col2   >= local_n_cols))   )
+    ||
+    ( slice_all ? false : ((in_slice1 >  in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= local_n_slices)) )
+    ,
+    "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! creation of subview_cube (generic subcube)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::subcube(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const bool row_all   = row_span.whole;
+  const bool col_all   = col_span.whole;
+  const bool slice_all = slice_span.whole;
+  
+  const uword local_n_rows   = n_rows;
+  const uword local_n_cols   = n_cols;
+  const uword local_n_slices = n_slices;
+  
+  const uword in_row1          = row_all   ? 0              : row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2          =                              row_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_rows   = row_all   ? local_n_rows   : in_row2 - in_row1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_col1          = col_all   ? 0              : col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2          =                              col_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_cols   = col_all   ? local_n_cols   : in_col2 - in_col1 + 1;
+  
+  const uword in_slice1        = slice_all ? 0              : slice_span.a;
+  const uword in_slice2        =                              slice_span.b;
+  const uword subcube_n_slices = slice_all ? local_n_slices : in_slice2 - in_slice1 + 1;
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ( row_all   ? false : ((in_row1   >  in_row2)   || (in_row2   >= local_n_rows))   )
+    ||
+    ( col_all   ? false : ((in_col1   >  in_col2)   || (in_col2   >= local_n_cols))   )
+    ||
+    ( slice_all ? false : ((in_slice1 >  in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= local_n_slices)) )
+    ,
+    "Cube::subcube(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  return subview_cube<eT>(*this, in_row1, in_col1, in_slice1, subcube_n_rows, subcube_n_cols, subcube_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).subcube(row_span, col_span, slice_span);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const subview_cube<eT>
+Cube<eT>::operator()(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).subcube(row_span, col_span, slice_span);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! remove specified slice
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::shed_slice(const uword slice_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( slice_num >= n_slices, "Cube::shed_slice(): out of bounds");
+  
+  shed_slices(slice_num, slice_num);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! remove specified slices
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::shed_slices(const uword in_slice1, const uword in_slice2)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_slice1 > in_slice2) || (in_slice2 >= n_slices),
+    "Cube::shed_slices(): indices out of bounds or incorrectly used"
+    );
+  
+  const uword n_keep_front = in_slice1;
+  const uword n_keep_back  = n_slices - (in_slice2 + 1);
+  
+  Cube<eT> X(n_rows, n_cols, n_keep_front + n_keep_back);
+  
+  if(n_keep_front > 0)
+    {
+    X.slices( 0, (n_keep_front-1) ) = slices( 0, (in_slice1-1) );
+    }
+  
+  if(n_keep_back > 0)
+    {
+    X.slices( n_keep_front,  (n_keep_front+n_keep_back-1) ) = slices( (in_slice2+1), (n_slices-1) );
+    }
+  
+  steal_mem(X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! insert N slices at the specified slice position,
+//! optionally setting the elements of the inserted slices to zero
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::insert_slices(const uword slice_num, const uword N, const bool set_to_zero)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword t_n_slices = n_slices;
+  
+  const uword A_n_slices = slice_num;
+  const uword B_n_slices = t_n_slices - slice_num;
+  
+  // insertion at slice_num == n_slices is in effect an append operation
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num > t_n_slices), "Cube::insert_slices(): out of bounds");
+  
+  if(N > 0)
+    {
+    Cube<eT> out(n_rows, n_cols, t_n_slices + N);
+    
+    if(A_n_slices > 0)
+      {
+      out.slices(0, A_n_slices-1) = slices(0, A_n_slices-1);
+      }
+    
+    if(B_n_slices > 0)
+      {
+      out.slices(slice_num + N, t_n_slices + N - 1) = slices(slice_num, t_n_slices-1);
+      }
+    
+    if(set_to_zero == true)
+      {
+      //out.slices(slice_num, slice_num + N - 1).zeros();
+      
+      for(uword i=slice_num; i < (slice_num + N); ++i)
+        {
+        out.slice(i).zeros();
+        }
+      }
+    
+    steal_mem(out);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! insert the given object at the specified slice position; 
+//! the given object must have the same number of rows and columns as the cube
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::insert_slices(const uword slice_num, const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const unwrap_cube<T1> tmp(X.get_ref());
+  const Cube<eT>& C   = tmp.M;
+  
+  const uword N = C.n_slices;
+  
+  const uword t_n_slices = n_slices;
+  
+  const uword A_n_slices = slice_num;
+  const uword B_n_slices = t_n_slices - slice_num;
+  
+  // insertion at slice_num == n_slices is in effect an append operation
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num  >  t_n_slices), "Cube::insert_slices(): out of bounds");
+  
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    ( (C.n_rows != n_rows) || (C.n_cols != n_cols) ),
+    "Cube::insert_slices(): given object has an incompatible dimensions"
+    );
+  
+  if(N > 0)
+    {
+    Cube<eT> out(n_rows, n_cols, t_n_slices + N);
+    
+    if(A_n_slices > 0)
+      {
+      out.slices(0, A_n_slices-1) = slices(0, A_n_slices-1);
+      }
+    
+    if(B_n_slices > 0)
+      {
+      out.slices(slice_num + N, t_n_slices + N - 1) = slices(slice_num, t_n_slices - 1);
+      }
+    
+    out.slices(slice_num, slice_num + N - 1) = C;
+    
+    steal_mem(out);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(X.n_rows)
+  , n_cols(X.n_cols)
+  , n_elem_slice(X.n_rows*X.n_cols)
+  , n_slices(X.n_slices)
+  , n_elem(X.n_rows*X.n_cols*X.n_slices)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  X.apply(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  init_warm(X.n_rows, X.n_cols, X.n_slices);
+  
+  X.apply(*this);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  X.apply_inplace_plus(*this);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  X.apply_inplace_minus(*this);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  X.apply_inplace_schur(*this);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename gen_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const GenCube<eT, gen_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  X.apply_inplace_div(*this);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from OpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator+=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator-=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator%=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const OpCube<T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator/=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from eOpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(X.get_n_rows())
+  , n_cols(X.get_n_cols())
+  , n_elem_slice(X.get_n_elem_slice())
+  , n_slices(X.get_n_slices())
+  , n_elem(X.get_n_elem())
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  eop_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from eOpCube, i.e. run the previously delayed unary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const bool bad_alias = ( X.P.has_subview  &&  X.P.is_alias(*this) );
+  
+  if(bad_alias == false)
+    {
+    init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols(), X.get_n_slices());
+    
+    eop_type::apply(*this, X);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    Cube<eT> tmp(X);
+    
+    steal_mem(tmp);
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eop_type::apply_inplace_plus(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eop_type::apply_inplace_minus(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+
+  eop_type::apply_inplace_schur(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operand having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename eop_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eOpCube<T1, eop_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+
+  eop_type::apply_inplace_div(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  op_type::apply(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator+=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator-=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator%=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename op_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const mtOpCube<eT, T1, op_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator/=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  this->operator=(X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  glue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator+=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator-=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator%=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const GlueCube<T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator/=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from eGlue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(X.get_n_rows())
+  , n_cols(X.get_n_cols())
+  , n_elem_slice(X.get_n_elem_slice())
+  , n_slices(X.get_n_slices())
+  , n_elem(X.get_n_elem())
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  init_cold();
+  
+  eglue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! create a cube from Glue, i.e. run the previously delayed binary operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  const bool bad_alias = ( (X.P1.has_subview  &&  X.P1.is_alias(*this))  ||  (X.P2.has_subview  &&  X.P2.is_alias(*this)) );
+  
+  if(bad_alias == false)
+    {
+    init_warm(X.get_n_rows(), X.get_n_cols(), X.get_n_slices());
+    
+    eglue_type::apply(*this, X);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    Cube<eT> tmp(X);
+    
+    steal_mem(tmp);
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube addition, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eglue_type::apply_inplace_plus(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube subtraction, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eglue_type::apply_inplace_minus(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise multiplication, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eglue_type::apply_inplace_schur(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! in-place cube element-wise division, with the right-hand-side operands having delayed operations
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const eGlueCube<T1, T2, eglue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T1::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  arma_type_check(( is_same_type< eT, typename T2::elem_type >::value == false ));
+  
+  eglue_type::apply_inplace_div(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+Cube<eT>::Cube(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  : n_rows(0)
+  , n_cols(0)
+  , n_elem_slice(0)
+  , n_slices(0)
+  , n_elem(0)
+  , mem_state(0)
+  , mat_ptrs()
+  , mem()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  glue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  glue_type::apply(*this, X);
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator+=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator+=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator-=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator-=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator%=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator%=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! EXPERIMENTAL
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1, typename T2, typename glue_type>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator/=(const mtGlueCube<eT, T1, T2, glue_type>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const Cube<eT> m(X);
+  
+  return (*this).operator/=(m);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT&
+Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword i)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (i >= n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  return access::rw(mem[i]);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword i) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check( (i >= n_elem), "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds");
+  return mem[i];
+  }
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check.  
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT&
+Cube<eT>::operator[] (const uword i)
+  {
+  return access::rw(mem[i]);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::operator[] (const uword i) const
+  {
+  return mem[i];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check.  
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT&
+Cube<eT>::at(const uword i)
+  {
+  return access::rw(mem[i]);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! linear element accessor (treats the cube as a vector); no bounds check
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::at(const uword i) const
+  {
+  return mem[i];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! element accessor; bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT&
+Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
+  {
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row >= n_rows) ||
+    (in_col >= n_cols) ||
+    (in_slice >= n_slices)
+    ,
+    "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds"
+    );
+
+  return access::rw(mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row]);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! element accessor; bounds checking not done when ARMA_NO_DEBUG is defined
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::operator() (const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
+  {
+  arma_debug_check
+    (
+    (in_row >= n_rows) ||
+    (in_col >= n_cols) ||
+    (in_slice >= n_slices)
+    ,
+    "Cube::operator(): index out of bounds"
+    );
+
+  return mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! element accessor; no bounds check
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT&
+Cube<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice)
+  {
+  return access::rw( mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row] );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! element accessor; no bounds check
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::at(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
+  {
+  return mem[in_slice*n_elem_slice + in_col*n_rows + in_row];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix ++
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator++()
+  {
+  Cube_aux::prefix_pp(*this);
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix ++  (must not return the object by reference)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::operator++(int)
+  {
+  Cube_aux::postfix_pp(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix --
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::operator--()
+  {
+  Cube_aux::prefix_mm(*this);
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix --  (must not return the object by reference)
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::operator--(int)
+  {
+  Cube_aux::postfix_mm(*this);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns true if all of the elements are finite
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::is_finite() const
+  {
+  return arrayops::is_finite( memptr(), n_elem );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns true if the cube has no elements
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::is_empty() const
+  {
+  return (n_elem == 0);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns true if the given index is currently in range
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::in_range(const uword i) const
+  {
+  return (i < n_elem);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns true if the given start and end indices are currently in range
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& x) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(x.whole == true)
+    {
+    return true;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    const uword a = x.a;
+    const uword b = x.b;
+    
+    return ( (a <= b) && (b < n_elem) );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns true if the given location is currently in range
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::in_range(const uword in_row, const uword in_col, const uword in_slice) const
+  {
+  return ( (in_row < n_rows) && (in_col < n_cols) && (in_slice < n_slices) );
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+arma_warn_unused
+bool
+Cube<eT>::in_range(const span& row_span, const span& col_span, const span& slice_span) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword in_row1   = row_span.a;
+  const uword in_row2   = row_span.b;
+  
+  const uword in_col1   = col_span.a;
+  const uword in_col2   = col_span.b;
+  
+  const uword in_slice1 = slice_span.a;
+  const uword in_slice2 = slice_span.b;
+  
+  
+  const bool rows_ok   = row_span.whole   ? true : ( (in_row1   <= in_row2)   && (in_row2   < n_rows)   );
+  const bool cols_ok   = col_span.whole   ? true : ( (in_col1   <= in_col2)   && (in_col2   < n_cols)   );
+  const bool slices_ok = slice_span.whole ? true : ( (in_slice1 <= in_slice2) && (in_slice2 < n_slices) );
+  
+  
+  return ( (rows_ok == true) && (cols_ok == true) && (slices_ok == true) );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT*
+Cube<eT>::memptr()
+  {
+  return const_cast<eT*>(mem);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+const eT*
+Cube<eT>::memptr() const
+  {
+  return mem;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT*
+Cube<eT>::slice_memptr(const uword slice)
+  {
+  return const_cast<eT*>( &mem[ slice*n_elem_slice ] );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+const eT*
+Cube<eT>::slice_memptr(const uword slice) const
+  {
+  return &mem[ slice*n_elem_slice ];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT*
+Cube<eT>::slice_colptr(const uword slice, const uword col)
+  {
+  return const_cast<eT*>( &mem[ slice*n_elem_slice + col*n_rows] );
+  }
+
+
+
+//! returns a pointer to array of eTs used by the specified slice in the cube
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+arma_warn_unused
+const eT*
+Cube<eT>::slice_colptr(const uword slice, const uword col) const
+  {
+  return &mem[ slice*n_elem_slice + col*n_rows ];
+  }
+
+
+
+//! print contents of the cube (to the cout stream),
+//! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
+//! the precision and cell width are modified.
+//! on return, the stream's state are restored to their original values.
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::impl_print(const std::string& extra_text) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(extra_text.length() != 0)
+    {
+    ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM << extra_text << '\n';
+    }
+  
+  arma_ostream::print(ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM, *this, true);
+  }
+
+
+//! print contents of the cube to a user specified stream,
+//! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
+//! the precision and cell width are modified.
+//! on return, the stream's state are restored to their original values.
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::impl_print(std::ostream& user_stream, const std::string& extra_text) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(extra_text.length() != 0)
+    {
+    user_stream << extra_text << '\n';
+    }
+  
+  arma_ostream::print(user_stream, *this, true);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! print contents of the cube (to the cout stream),
+//! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
+//! the stream's state are used as is and are not modified
+//! (i.e. the precision and cell width are not modified).
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::impl_raw_print(const std::string& extra_text) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(extra_text.length() != 0)
+    {
+    ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM << extra_text << '\n';
+    }
+  
+  arma_ostream::print(ARMA_DEFAULT_OSTREAM, *this, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! print contents of the cube to a user specified stream,
+//! optionally preceding with a user specified line of text.
+//! the stream's state are used as is and are not modified.
+//! (i.e. the precision and cell width are not modified).
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::impl_raw_print(std::ostream& user_stream, const std::string& extra_text) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  if(extra_text.length() != 0)
+    {
+    user_stream << extra_text << '\n';
+    }
+  
+  arma_ostream::print(user_stream, *this, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is not preserved)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::set_size(const uword in_n_rows, const uword in_n_cols, const uword in_n_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  init_warm(in_n_rows, in_n_cols, in_n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is preserved)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::reshape(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices, const uword dim)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  *this = arma::reshape(*this, in_rows, in_cols, in_slices, dim);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! change the cube to have user specified dimensions (data is preserved)
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::resize(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  *this = arma::resize(*this, in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! change the cube (without preserving data) to have the same dimensions as the given cube 
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename eT2>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::copy_size(const Cube<eT2>& m)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  init_warm(m.n_rows, m.n_cols, m.n_slices);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! fill the cube with the specified value
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::fill(const eT val)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arrayops::inplace_set( memptr(), val, n_elem );
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::zeros()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).fill(eT(0));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::zeros(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
+  
+  return (*this).fill(eT(0));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::ones()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).fill(eT(1));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::ones(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
+  
+  return (*this).fill(eT(1));
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::randu()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword N   = n_elem;
+        eT*   ptr = memptr();
+  
+  uword i,j;
+  
+  for(i=0, j=1; j<N; i+=2, j+=2)
+    {
+    ptr[i] = eT(eop_aux_randu<eT>());
+    ptr[j] = eT(eop_aux_randu<eT>());
+    }
+  
+  if(i < N)
+    {
+    ptr[i] = eT(eop_aux_randu<eT>());
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::randu(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
+  
+  return (*this).randu();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::randn()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const uword N   = n_elem;
+        eT*   ptr = memptr();
+  
+  for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
+    {
+    ptr[i] = eT(eop_aux_randn<eT>());
+    }
+  
+  return *this;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+const Cube<eT>&
+Cube<eT>::randn(const uword in_rows, const uword in_cols, const uword in_slices)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  set_size(in_rows, in_cols, in_slices);
+  
+  return (*this).randn();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::reset()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  init_warm(0,0,0);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::set_real(const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  Cube_aux::set_real(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::set_imag(const BaseCube<typename Cube<eT>::pod_type,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  Cube_aux::set_imag(*this, X);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::min() const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  return op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+arma_warn_unused
+eT
+Cube<eT>::max() const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  return op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+Cube<eT>::min(uword& index_of_min_val) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  return op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem, index_of_min_val);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+Cube<eT>::max(uword& index_of_max_val) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  return op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem, index_of_max_val);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+Cube<eT>::min(uword& row_of_min_val, uword& col_of_min_val, uword& slice_of_min_val) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "min(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  uword i;
+  
+  eT val = op_min::direct_min(memptr(), n_elem, i);
+  
+  const uword in_slice = i / n_elem_slice;
+  const uword offset   = in_slice * n_elem_slice;
+  const uword j        = i - offset;
+  
+    row_of_min_val = j % n_rows;
+    col_of_min_val = j / n_rows;
+  slice_of_min_val = in_slice;
+  
+  return val;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+eT
+Cube<eT>::max(uword& row_of_max_val, uword& col_of_max_val, uword& slice_of_max_val) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (n_elem == 0), "max(): object has no elements" );
+  
+  uword i;
+  
+  eT val = op_max::direct_max(memptr(), n_elem, i);
+  
+  const uword in_slice = i / n_elem_slice;
+  const uword offset   = in_slice * n_elem_slice;
+  const uword j        = i - offset;
+  
+    row_of_max_val = j % n_rows;
+    col_of_max_val = j / n_rows;
+  slice_of_max_val = in_slice;
+  
+  return val;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! save the cube to a file
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::save(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_status) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  bool save_okay;
+  
+  switch(type)
+    {
+    case raw_ascii:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_raw_ascii(*this, name);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_ascii:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_arma_ascii(*this, name);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_raw_binary(*this, name);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_arma_binary(*this, name);
+      break;
+    
+    case ppm_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_ppm_binary(*this, name);
+      break;
+    
+    default:
+      arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::save(): unsupported file type");
+      save_okay = false;
+    }
+  
+  arma_warn( (print_status && (save_okay == false)), "Cube::save(): couldn't write to ", name);
+  
+  return save_okay;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! save the cube to a stream
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::save(std::ostream& os, const file_type type, const bool print_status) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  bool save_okay;
+  
+  switch(type)
+    {
+    case raw_ascii:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_raw_ascii(*this, os);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_ascii:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_arma_ascii(*this, os);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_raw_binary(*this, os);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_arma_binary(*this, os);
+      break;
+    
+    case ppm_binary:
+      save_okay = diskio::save_ppm_binary(*this, os);
+      break;
+    
+    default:
+      arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::save(): unsupported file type");
+      save_okay = false;
+    }
+  
+  arma_warn( (print_status && (save_okay == false)), "Cube::save(): couldn't write to given stream");
+  
+  return save_okay;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! load a cube from a file
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::load(const std::string name, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  bool load_okay;
+  std::string err_msg;
+  
+  switch(type)
+    {
+    case auto_detect:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_auto_detect(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_ascii:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_raw_ascii(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_ascii:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_arma_ascii(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_raw_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_arma_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case ppm_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_ppm_binary(*this, name, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    default:
+      arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::load(): unsupported file type");
+      load_okay = false;
+    }
+  
+  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+    {
+    if(err_msg.length() > 0)
+      {
+      arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): ", err_msg, name);
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): couldn't read ", name);
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(load_okay == false)
+    {
+    (*this).reset();
+    }
+    
+  return load_okay;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! load a cube from a stream
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::load(std::istream& is, const file_type type, const bool print_status)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  bool load_okay;
+  std::string err_msg;
+  
+  switch(type)
+    {
+    case auto_detect:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_auto_detect(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_ascii:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_raw_ascii(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_ascii:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_arma_ascii(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case raw_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_raw_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case arma_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_arma_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    case ppm_binary:
+      load_okay = diskio::load_ppm_binary(*this, is, err_msg);
+      break;
+    
+    default:
+      arma_warn(print_status, "Cube::load(): unsupported file type");
+      load_okay = false;
+    }
+  
+  
+  if( (print_status == true) && (load_okay == false) )
+    {
+    if(err_msg.length() > 0)
+      {
+      arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): ", err_msg, "the given stream");
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      arma_warn(true, "Cube::load(): couldn't load from the given stream");
+      }
+    }
+  
+  if(load_okay == false)
+    {
+    (*this).reset();
+    }
+    
+  return load_okay;
+  }
+
+
+
+//! save the cube to a file, without printing any error messages
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::quiet_save(const std::string name, const file_type type) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).save(name, type, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! save the cube to a stream, without printing any error messages
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::quiet_save(std::ostream& os, const file_type type) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).save(os, type, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! load a cube from a file, without printing any error messages
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::quiet_load(const std::string name, const file_type type)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).load(name, type, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! load a cube from a stream, without printing any error messages
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+bool
+Cube<eT>::quiet_load(std::istream& is, const file_type type)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return (*this).load(is, type, false);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::iterator
+Cube<eT>::begin()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return memptr();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
+Cube<eT>::begin() const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return memptr();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::iterator
+Cube<eT>::end()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return memptr() + n_elem;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::const_iterator
+Cube<eT>::end() const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  return memptr() + n_elem;
+  }
+  
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::slice_iterator
+Cube<eT>::begin_slice(const uword slice_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "begin_slice(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return slice_memptr(slice_num);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::const_slice_iterator
+Cube<eT>::begin_slice(const uword slice_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "begin_slice(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return slice_memptr(slice_num);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::slice_iterator
+Cube<eT>::end_slice(const uword slice_num)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "end_slice(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return slice_memptr(slice_num) + n_elem_slice;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+inline
+typename Cube<eT>::const_slice_iterator
+Cube<eT>::end_slice(const uword slice_num) const
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  arma_debug_check( (slice_num >= n_slices), "end_slice(): index out of bounds");
+  
+  return slice_memptr(slice_num) + n_elem_slice;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT>
+template<uword fixed_n_rows, uword fixed_n_cols, uword fixed_n_slices>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube<eT>::fixed<fixed_n_rows, fixed_n_cols, fixed_n_slices>::mem_setup()
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint_this(this);
+  
+  if(fixed_n_elem > 0)
+    {
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_rows)       = fixed_n_rows;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_cols)       = fixed_n_cols;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem_slice) = fixed_n_rows * fixed_n_cols;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_slices)     = fixed_n_slices;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem)       = fixed_n_elem;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem_state)    = 3;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mat_ptrs)     = const_cast< const Mat<eT>** >( \
+                                         (fixed_n_slices > Cube_prealloc::mat_ptrs_size) ? mat_ptrs_local_extra : mat_ptrs_local );
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem)          = (fixed_n_elem   > Cube_prealloc::mem_n_elem)    ? mem_local_extra      : mem_local;
+    
+    create_mat();
+    }
+  else
+    {
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_rows)       = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_cols)       = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem_slice) = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_slices)     = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::n_elem)       = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem_state)    = 3;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mat_ptrs)     = 0;
+    access::rw(Cube<eT>::mem)          = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix ++
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::prefix_pp(Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+        eT*   memptr = x.memptr();
+  const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
+  
+  uword i,j;
+
+  for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
+    {
+    ++(memptr[i]);
+    ++(memptr[j]);
+    }
+  
+  if(i < n_elem)
+    {
+    ++(memptr[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
+template<typename T>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::prefix_pp(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
+  {
+  x += T(1);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix ++
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::postfix_pp(Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+        eT* memptr = x.memptr();
+  const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
+  
+  uword i,j;
+  
+  for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
+    {
+    (memptr[i])++;
+    (memptr[j])++;
+    }
+  
+  if(i < n_elem)
+    {
+    (memptr[i])++;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
+template<typename T>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::postfix_pp(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
+  {
+  x += T(1);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix --
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::prefix_mm(Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+        eT* memptr = x.memptr();
+  const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
+
+  uword i,j;
+
+  for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
+    {
+    --(memptr[i]);
+    --(memptr[j]);
+    }
+  
+  if(i < n_elem)
+    {
+    --(memptr[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! prefix -- for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
+template<typename T>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::prefix_mm(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
+  {
+  x -= T(1);
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix --
+template<typename eT>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::postfix_mm(Cube<eT>& x)
+  {
+        eT* memptr = x.memptr();
+  const uword n_elem = x.n_elem;
+
+  uword i,j;
+
+  for(i=0, j=1; j<n_elem; i+=2, j+=2)
+    {
+    (memptr[i])--;
+    (memptr[j])--;
+    }
+  
+  if(i < n_elem)
+    {
+    (memptr[i])--;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+//! postfix ++ for complex numbers (work around for limitations of the std::complex class)
+template<typename T>
+arma_inline
+void
+Cube_aux::postfix_mm(Cube< std::complex<T> >& x)
+  {
+  x -= T(1);
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT, typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube_aux::set_real(Cube<eT>& out, const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  const unwrap_cube<T1> tmp(X.get_ref());
+  const Cube<eT>& A   = tmp.M;
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size( out, A, "Cube::set_real()" );
+  
+  out = A;
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename eT, typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube_aux::set_imag(Cube<eT>& out, const BaseCube<eT,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename T, typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube_aux::set_real(Cube< std::complex<T> >& out, const BaseCube<T,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  typedef typename std::complex<T>        eT;
+  typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type;
+  
+  const ProxyCube<T1> A(X.get_ref());
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size
+    (
+    out.n_rows, out.n_cols, out.n_slices,
+    A.get_n_rows(), A.get_n_cols(), A.get_n_slices(),
+    "Cube::set_real()"
+    );
+  
+  const uword   n_elem  = out.n_elem;
+        eT*     out_mem = out.memptr();
+        ea_type PA      = A.get_ea();
+  
+  for(uword i=0; i<n_elem; ++i)
+    {
+    //out_mem[i].real() = PA[i];
+    out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>( PA[i], out_mem[i].imag() );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+template<typename T, typename T1>
+inline
+void
+Cube_aux::set_imag(Cube< std::complex<T> >& out, const BaseCube<T,T1>& X)
+  {
+  arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+  
+  typedef typename std::complex<T>        eT;
+  typedef typename ProxyCube<T1>::ea_type ea_type;
+  
+  const ProxyCube<T1> A(X.get_ref());
+  
+  arma_debug_assert_same_size
+    (
+    out.n_rows, out.n_cols, out.n_slices,
+    A.get_n_rows(), A.get_n_cols(), A.get_n_slices(),
+    "Cube::set_imag()"
+    );
+  
+  const uword   n_elem  = out.n_elem;
+        eT*     out_mem = out.memptr();
+        ea_type PA      = A.get_ea();
+  
+  for(uword i=0; i<n_elem; ++i)
+    {
+    //out_mem[i].imag() = PA[i];
+    out_mem[i] = std::complex<T>( out_mem[i].real(), PA[i] );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+
+#ifdef ARMA_EXTRA_CUBE_MEAT
+  #include ARMA_INCFILE_WRAP(ARMA_EXTRA_CUBE_MEAT)
+#endif
+
+
+
+//! @}