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14 <BODY CLASS="license">
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15 <H1>GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</H1>
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16 <P>Version 2.1, February 1999</P>
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17
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18 <P>Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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19 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA<BR>
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20 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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21 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</P>
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22
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23 <P>[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
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24 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
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25 the version number 2.1.]</P>
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26
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27 <H2>Preamble</H2>
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28
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29 <P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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30 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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31 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
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32 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.</P>
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33
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34 <P>This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
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35 specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
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36 Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
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37 can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
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38 this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
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39 strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.</P>
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40
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41 <P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
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42 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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43 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
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45 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
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46 it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
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47 these things.</P>
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48
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49 <P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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50 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
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51 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
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52 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.</P>
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53
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54 <P>For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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55 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
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56 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
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57 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
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58 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
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59 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
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60 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.</P>
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61
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62 <P>We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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63 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
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64 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.</P>
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65
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66 <P>To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
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67 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
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68 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
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69 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
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70 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
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71 introduced by others.</P>
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72
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73 <P>Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
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74 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
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75 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
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76 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
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77 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
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78 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.</P>
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79
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80 <P>Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
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81 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
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82 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
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83 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
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84 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
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85 libraries into non-free programs.</P>
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86
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87 <P>When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
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88 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
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89 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
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90 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
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91 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
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92 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
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93 the library.</P>
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94
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95 <P>We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
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96 does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
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97 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
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98 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
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99 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
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100 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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101 special circumstances.</P>
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102
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103 <P>For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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104 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
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105 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
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106 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
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107 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
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108 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
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109 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.</P>
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110
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111 <P>In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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112 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
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113 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
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114 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
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115 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
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116 system.</P>
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117
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118 <P>Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
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119 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
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120 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
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121 that program using a modified version of the Library.</P>
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122
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123 <P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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124 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
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125 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
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126 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
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127 be combined with the library in order to run.</P>
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128
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129 <H2>GNU Lesser General Public License<BR>
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130 Terms And Conditions For Copying, Distribution And Modification</H2>
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131
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132 <P>0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
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133 program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
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134 other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of
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135 this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License").
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136 Each licensee is addressed as "you".</P>
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137
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138 <P>A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data
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139 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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140 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.</P>
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141
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142 <P>The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work
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143 which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the
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144 Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under
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145 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
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146 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
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147 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
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148 included without limitation in the term "modification".)</P>
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149
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150 <P>"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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151 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
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152 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
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153 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
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154 and installation of the library.</P>
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155
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156 <P>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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157 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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158 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
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159 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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160 on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
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161 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
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162 and what the program that uses the Library does.</P>
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163
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164 <P>1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
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165 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
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166 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
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167 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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168 all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
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169 warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
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170 Library.</P>
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171
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172 <P>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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173 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
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174 fee.</P>
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175
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176 <P>2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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177 of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
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178 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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179 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:</P>
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180
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181 <OL STYLE="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
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182 <LI>
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183 <P>The modified work must itself be a software library.</P>
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184 </LI>
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185
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186 <LI>
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187 <P>You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
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188 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.</P>
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189 </LI>
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190
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191 <LI>
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192 <P>You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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193 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.</P>
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194 </LI>
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195
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196 <LI>
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197 <P>If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
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198 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
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199 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
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200 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
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201 in the event an application does not supply such function or
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202 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
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203 its purpose remains meaningful.</P>
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204
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205 <P>(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
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206 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
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207 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
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208 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
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209 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
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210 root function must still compute square roots.)</P>
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211 </LI>
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212 </OL>
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213
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214 <P>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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215 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
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216 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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217 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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218 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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219 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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220 on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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221 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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222 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
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223 it.</P>
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224
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225 <P>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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226 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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227 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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228 collective works based on the Library.</P>
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229
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230 <P>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
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231 with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
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232 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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233 the scope of this License.</P>
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234
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235 <P>3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
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236 License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
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237 this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
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238 that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
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239 instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
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240 ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
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241 that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
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242 these notices.</P>
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243
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244 <P>Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
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245 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
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246 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.</P>
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247
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248 <P>This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
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249 the Library into a program that is not a library.</P>
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250
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251 <P>4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
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252 derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
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253 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
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254 it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
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255 must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
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256 medium customarily used for software interchange.</P>
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257
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258 <P>If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
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259 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
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260 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
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261 distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
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262 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.</P>
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263
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264 <P>5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
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268 therefore falls outside the scope of this License.</P>
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269
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270 <P>However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library
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271 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
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273 library". The executable is therefore covered by this License.
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274 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.</P>
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275
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276 <P>When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file
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277 that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
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278 derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
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279 Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
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280 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
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281 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.</P>
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282
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283 <P>If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
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284 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
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285 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
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286 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
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287 work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
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288 Library will still fall under Section 6.)</P>
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289
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290 <P>Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
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294
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295 <P>6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
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301
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302 <P>You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
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310 <OL STYLE="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
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322 to use the modified definitions.)</P>
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323 </LI>
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353
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354 <P>For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the
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357 the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is
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362
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367 distribute.</P>
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368
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369 <P>7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
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375
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380 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
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381 Sections above.</P>
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383
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384 <LI>
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385 <P>Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
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