d@3: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% d@3: % Beamer Presentation d@3: % LaTeX Template d@3: % Version 1.0 (10/11/12) d@3: % d@3: % This template has been downloaded from: d@3: % http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com d@3: % d@3: % License: d@3: % CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) d@3: % d@3: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% d@3: d@3: %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- d@3: % PACKAGES AND THEMES d@3: %---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- d@3: d@3: \documentclass[]{beamer} d@3: d@3: \mode { d@3: d@3: % The Beamer class comes with a number of default slide themes d@3: % which change the colors and layouts of slides. 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Do these intonation patterns map directly to questions as they appear as lyrics in a song? This comparative study maps the melodic f0 of questions within British pop music over the past 4 decades and compares these intonation patterns to common speech intonation models, and tests the following hypothesis: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.} The results of this study show that musical melody and natural speech intonation pattern do correlate. d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Inspiration} d@3: %\begin{itemize} d@3: %\item d@3: %\end{itemize} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Motivation} d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item MIR (Automated Transcription) d@3: \item Psychoacoustics (Psychology of Melody) d@3: \item Linguistics (Language Comparison) d@3: \item Musical Psychology (Perceptual Evaluations of Lyrics and Music) d@3: \item Cognitive Psychology (Learning Based Models) d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Hypothesis} d@3: \begin{block}{Hypothesis} d@3: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.} d@3: \end{block} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Method} d@3: %\begin{block}{Hypothesis} d@3: %{\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.} d@3: %\end{block} d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Produce data set of popular British English music with questions occurring in them. d@3: \item Extract just the question from songs. d@3: \item Capture the f0 of the question. d@3: \item Graph all intonation patterns within the data set. d@3: \item Compare these intonation patterns to generalised linguistic speech intonation patterns for similarly matched question structures. d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Intonation Patterns} d@3: %Feeder, Silent Cry, 2008, ``What have I done?'', ``Wh'' Question d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/intonationModel} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Dataset Production} d@3: d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Focus on `Wh' and Polar questions. d@3: \item Select from British English performing bands over past 50 years. d@3: \item Finding songs with Questions. d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Obtain Audio Tracks d@3: \item Manually Cut Song Line d@3: \item Identify $f_0$ of Lyric Melody d@3: \item TONY \citep{TONY} d@3: \item Plot Intonation Patterns in MATLAB d@3: \item Categorise based on intonation type d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Tony \citep{TONY}} d@3: The Who, Who Are You?, ``Who Are You?'', ``Wh'' Question d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/TonyScreen} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{MATLAB Plot \citep{TONY}} d@3: The Who, Who Are You?, ``Who Are You?'', ``Wh'' Question d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/T38Plot} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Linguistics: Question Intonation Patterns} d@3: d@3: \begin{block}{\citet{grabe2005intonation}} d@3: d@3: ``In wh-questions, the fall was more frequent and produced in 61\% of the data. In polar questions, the fall was more frequent but produced in only 44\% of the data.''' d@3: \end{block} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Original Project Data Set} d@3: %Feeder, Silent Cry, 2008, ``What have I done?'', ``Wh'' Question d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \caption{Initial data set of songs produced as part of this project} d@3: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth, clip, trim = 25 50 20 50]{../dia/OriginalDataset} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Ended up with a dataset of 50 songs d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Falling Intonation for `Wh' Questions} d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight, clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/WhQ-F-IMean-ALL} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Falling Intonation for Echo Questions} d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight, clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/YNQ-F-IMean-ALL} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Rising Falling Intonation for `Wh' Questions} d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight, clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/WhQ-RF-IMean-ALL} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Rising Falling Intonation for Echo Questions} d@3: \begin{figure} d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight, clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/YNQ-RF-IMean-ALL} d@3: \end{figure} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Results} d@3: %\begin{table} d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification} d@3: %\label{songIntClass} d@3: %\begin{center} d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|c|} d@3: %\hline d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & Fall & Other & Total\\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\hline d@3: %Wh-question & 3 & 5 & 3 & 11 \\ d@3: %Yes/ No questions & 2 & 5 & 1 & 8 \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %All Questions & 5 &10 & 4 & 19 \\ d@3: %%Statement as questions & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\end{tabular} d@3: %\end{center} d@3: %\end{table} d@3: d@3: \begin{table} d@3: \caption{Classification of sung melodic profiles corresponding to questions in lyrics sorted by question types (absolute numbers)} d@3: \label{songIntClass} d@3: \centering d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|c c c c|c|} d@3: \hline d@3: Question Type & Rise-Fall & Fall-Rise & Fall & Other & Total\\ d@3: \hline d@3: \hline d@3: Wh-question & 11 & 6 & 5 & 3 & 25 \\ d@3: Yes/ No questions & 11 & 2 & 7 & 5 & 25 \\ d@3: \hline d@3: All Questions & 22 &8 & 12 & 8 & 50 \\ d@3: \hline d@3: \end{tabular} d@3: \end{table} d@3: d@3: d@3: %\begin{table} d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification as Percentage} d@3: %\label{songIntClassPer} d@3: %\begin{center} d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|} d@3: %\hline d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & Fall & Other \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\hline d@3: %Wh-question & 27\% & 46\% & 27\% \\ d@3: %Yes/ No questions & 25\% & 62.5\% & 12.5\% \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %All Questions & 26\% & 53\% & 21\% \\ d@3: %%Statement as questions & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\end{tabular} d@3: %\end{center} d@3: %\end{table} d@3: \begin{table} d@3: \caption{Classification of sung melodic profiles corresponding to questions in lyrics sorted by question types (percentages)} d@3: \label{songIntClassPer} d@3: \centering d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|c c c c|} d@3: \hline d@3: Question Type & Rise-Fall & Fall-Rise & Fall & Other \\ d@3: \hline d@3: \hline d@3: Wh-question & 44\% & 24\% & 20\% & 12\% \\ d@3: Yes/ No questions & 44\% & 8\% & 28\% & 20\% \\ d@3: \hline d@3: All Questions & 44\% & 16\% & 24\% & 16\% \\ d@3: \hline d@3: \end{tabular} d@3: \end{table} d@3: d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Results - From the Literature} d@3: d@3: %\begin{block}{\citet{grabe2005intonation}} d@3: % d@3: %``In wh-questions, the fall was more frequent and produced in 61\% of the data. In polar questions, the fall was more frequent but produced in only 44\% of the data.''' d@3: %\end{block} d@3: % d@3: %\begin{table} d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification as Percentage} d@3: %\label{songIntClassPer} d@3: %\begin{center} d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|} d@3: %\hline d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & {\bf Fall} & Other \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\hline d@3: %Wh-question & 27\% & {\bf 46\%} & 27\% \\ d@3: %Yes/ No questions & 25\% &{\bf 62.5\%} & 12.5\% \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %All Questions & 26\% & {\bf 53\%} & 21\% \\ d@3: %%Statement as questions & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\ d@3: %\hline d@3: %\end{tabular} d@3: %\end{center} d@3: %\end{table} d@3: \begin{table}[h!] d@3: \caption{Speech intonation patterns for different questions (reproduced from \citep{grabe2005intonation})} d@3: \label{Grabe} d@3: \centering d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|ccccc|c|} d@3: \hline d@3: & Rise-Fall & Fall-Rise & Fall & Rise & Hold & Total \\ d@3: \hline\hline d@3: Wh-Question & 18 & 133 & 99 & 56 & 0 & 306 \\ d@3: Yes/No Question & 0 & 86 & 61 & 84 & 0 & 231 \\ d@3: \hline d@3: \end{tabular} d@3: \end{table} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Evaluation} d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Performed Statistical Analysis on Results d@3: \item Used $\chi^2$ to show correlations between melody and speech. d@3: \item Produced p-values -probability of these results correlating by chance. d@3: \item P-values for both question types less than $0.01\%$ d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Conclusion} d@3: d@3: \begin{block}{Hypothesis} d@3: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.} d@3: \end{block} d@3: d@3: \begin{center} d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Our hypothesis has been proved correct, with a probability of $99.99\%$ d@3: \item The results are statistically significant d@3: \item This is entirely new research, nobody has every show these correlations before. d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: d@3: \end{center} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \frametitle{Further Work} d@3: d@3: \begin{itemize} d@3: \item Study based on songwriters' dialect, to determine if composed melodies follow suit. d@3: \item Review of Melody first or lyric first as results d@3: \item Comparison between different musical genres. d@3: \item Comparison between different languages. d@3: \item Other speech intonation patterns. d@3: \end{itemize} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame}[allowframebreaks] d@3: \frametitle{References} d@3: \bibliographystyle{plainnat} d@3: \bibliography{bibl.bib} d@3: \nocite{*} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \begin{frame} d@3: \Huge{\centerline{Questions?}} d@3: \end{frame} d@3: d@3: d@3: \end{document} d@3: d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{References} d@3: %\footnotesize{ d@3: %\begin{thebibliography}{99} % Beamer does not support BibTeX so references must be inserted manually as below d@3: %\bibitem[Smith, 2012]{p1} John Smith (2012) d@3: %\newblock Title of the publication d@3: %\newblock \emph{Journal Name} 12(3), 45 -- 678. d@3: %\end{thebibliography} d@3: %} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: %\section{First Section} % Sections can be created in order to organize your presentation into discrete blocks, all sections and subsections are automatically printed in the table of contents as an overview of the talk d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\subsection{Subsection Example} % A subsection can be created just before a set of slides with a common theme to further break down your presentation into chunks d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Paragraphs of Text} d@3: %Sed iaculis dapibus gravida. Morbi sed tortor erat, nec interdum arcu. Sed id lorem lectus. Quisque viverra augue id sem ornare non aliquam nibh tristique. Aenean in ligula nisl. Nulla sed tellus ipsum. Donec vestibulum ligula non lorem vulputate fermentum accumsan neque mollis.\\~\\ d@3: % d@3: %Sed diam enim, sagittis nec condimentum sit amet, ullamcorper sit amet libero. Aliquam vel dui orci, a porta odio. Nullam id suscipit ipsum. Aenean lobortis commodo sem, ut commodo leo gravida vitae. Pellentesque vehicula ante iaculis arcu pretium rutrum eget sit amet purus. Integer ornare nulla quis neque ultrices lobortis. 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Sed volutpat ante purus, quis accumsan dolor. d@3: % d@3: %\end{columns} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: %\section{Second Section} d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Table} d@3: %\begin{table} d@3: %\begin{tabular}{l l l} d@3: %\toprule d@3: %\textbf{Treatments} & \textbf{Response 1} & \textbf{Response 2}\\ d@3: %\midrule d@3: %Treatment 1 & 0.0003262 & 0.562 \\ d@3: %Treatment 2 & 0.0015681 & 0.910 \\ d@3: %Treatment 3 & 0.0009271 & 0.296 \\ d@3: %\bottomrule d@3: %\end{tabular} d@3: %\caption{Table caption} d@3: %\end{table} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Theorem} d@3: %\begin{theorem}[Mass--energy equivalence] d@3: %$E = mc^2$ d@3: %\end{theorem} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame}[fragile] % Need to use the fragile option when verbatim is used in the slide d@3: %\frametitle{Verbatim} d@3: %\begin{example}[Theorem Slide Code] d@3: %\begin{verbatim} d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Theorem} d@3: %\begin{theorem}[Mass--energy equivalence] d@3: %$E = mc^2$ d@3: %\end{theorem} d@3: %\end{frame}\end{verbatim} d@3: %\end{example} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\frametitle{Figure} d@3: %Uncomment the code on this slide to include your own image from the same directory as the template .TeX file. d@3: %\begin{figure} d@3: %\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{ecs729-lecture7-ToBI} d@3: %\end{figure} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame}[fragile] % Need to use the fragile option when verbatim is used in the slide d@3: %\frametitle{Citation} d@3: %An example of the \verb|\cite| command to cite within the presentation:\\~ d@3: % d@3: %This statement requires citation \cite{p1}. d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: d@3: % d@3: %%------------------------------------------------ d@3: % d@3: %\begin{frame} d@3: %\Huge{\centerline{The End}} d@3: %\end{frame} d@3: % d@3: %%---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- d@3: % d@3: %\end{document}