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d@3: %	TITLE PAGE
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d@3: 
d@3: \title[Do We Sing Like We Speak?] 
d@3: {A Comparison of Question Intonation Patterns and Melodic Profile in Songs
d@3:  } % The short title appears at the bottom of every slide, the full title is only on the title page
d@3: 
d@3: \author{Dave Moffat} % Your name
d@3: %\logo{
d@3: %	\includegraphics[width=1cm,height=1cm,keepaspectratio]{logo}~%
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d@3: \institute[QMUL] % Your institution as it will appear on the bottom of every slide, may be shorthand to save space
d@3: {
d@3: Center for Digital Music \\
d@3:  Queen Mary University \\ % Your institution for the title page
d@3: \medskip
d@3: \textit{\href{mailto:me@davemoffat.com}{me@davemoffat.com }} % Your email address
d@3: }
d@3: \date{\today} % Date, can be changed to a custom date
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{document}
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d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \titlepage % Print the title page as the first slide
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d@3: %----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d@3: %	PRESENTATION SLIDES
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d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Outline}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Overview
d@3: \item Motivation
d@3: \item Methodology
d@3: \item Results
d@3: \item Analysis
d@3: \item Conclusion
d@3: \item Further Work
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Introduction}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Several different question types in English language
d@3: \item Linguists model common intonation patterns
d@3: \item What about music?
d@3: \item Do these patterns correlate with musical melodies?
d@3: \item Do certain melodies make people write songs with question in them? 
d@3: \item Or vice versa?
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: %There are many different types of question that are commonly found within English language, and there are standard models of the common intonation patterns within the British English speech. Do these intonation patterns map directly to questions as they appear as lyrics in a song? This comparative study maps the melodic f0 of questions within British pop music over the past 4 decades and compares these intonation patterns to common speech intonation models, and tests the following hypothesis: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.} The results of this study show that musical melody and natural speech intonation pattern do correlate.
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\frametitle{Inspiration}
d@3: %\begin{itemize}
d@3: %\item 
d@3: %\end{itemize}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Motivation}
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item MIR (Automated Transcription)
d@3: \item Psychoacoustics (Psychology of Melody)
d@3: \item Linguistics (Language Comparison)
d@3: \item Musical Psychology (Perceptual Evaluations of Lyrics and Music)
d@3: \item Cognitive Psychology (Learning Based Models)
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Hypothesis}
d@3: \begin{block}{Hypothesis}
d@3: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.}
d@3: \end{block}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Method}
d@3: %\begin{block}{Hypothesis}
d@3: %{\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.}
d@3: %\end{block}
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Produce data set of popular British English music with questions occurring in them.
d@3: \item Extract just the question from songs.
d@3: \item Capture the f0 of the question.
d@3: \item Graph all intonation patterns within the data set.
d@3: \item Compare these intonation patterns to generalised linguistic speech intonation patterns for similarly matched question structures.
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Intonation Patterns}
d@3: %Feeder, Silent Cry, 2008, ``What have I done?'', ``Wh'' Question
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/intonationModel}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Dataset Production}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Focus on `Wh' and Polar questions.
d@3: \item Select from British English performing bands over past 50 years.
d@3: \item Finding songs with Questions.
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Obtain Audio Tracks
d@3: \item Manually Cut Song Line
d@3: \item Identify  $f_0$ of Lyric Melody
d@3: \item TONY \citep{TONY}
d@3: \item Plot Intonation Patterns in MATLAB
d@3: \item Categorise based on intonation type
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Tony \citep{TONY}}
d@3: The Who, Who Are You?, ``Who Are You?'', ``Wh'' Question
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/TonyScreen}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{MATLAB Plot \citep{TONY}}
d@3: The Who, Who Are You?, ``Who Are You?'', ``Wh'' Question
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{../dia/T38Plot}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Linguistics: Question Intonation Patterns}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{block}{\citet{grabe2005intonation}}
d@3: 
d@3: ``In wh-questions, the fall was more frequent and produced in 61\% of the data. In polar questions, the fall was more frequent but produced in only 44\% of the data.'''
d@3: \end{block}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Original Project Data Set}
d@3: %Feeder, Silent Cry, 2008, ``What have I done?'', ``Wh'' Question
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3:  \caption{Initial data set of songs produced as part of this project}
d@3: \includegraphics[width=\textwidth, clip, trim = 25 50 20 50]{../dia/OriginalDataset}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Ended up with a dataset of 50 songs
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: 
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Falling Intonation for `Wh' Questions}
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight,  clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/WhQ-F-IMean-ALL}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Falling Intonation for Echo Questions}
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight,  clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/YNQ-F-IMean-ALL}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Rising Falling Intonation for `Wh' Questions}
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight,  clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/WhQ-RF-IMean-ALL}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Mean Pitch of Rising Falling Intonation for Echo Questions}
d@3:  \begin{figure}
d@3: \includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight,  clip, trim = 58 200 60 195]{../dia/YNQ-RF-IMean-ALL}
d@3: \end{figure}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Results}
d@3: %\begin{table}
d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification}
d@3: %\label{songIntClass}
d@3: %\begin{center}
d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|c|}
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & Fall  & Other & Total\\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Wh-question 		& 3 	& 5	 & 3	& 11	\\
d@3: %Yes/ No questions  	& 2 	& 5 	& 1 	& 8	 \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %All Questions		& 5	&10	& 4 & 19	\\
d@3: %%Statement as questions  & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\end{tabular}
d@3: %\end{center}
d@3: %\end{table}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{table}
d@3: \caption{Classification of sung melodic profiles corresponding to questions in lyrics sorted by question types (absolute numbers)}
d@3: \label{songIntClass}
d@3: \centering
d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|c c c c|c|}
d@3: \hline
d@3: Question Type & Rise-Fall & Fall-Rise & Fall & Other & Total\\
d@3: \hline
d@3: \hline
d@3: Wh-question 			& 11 	& 6	& 5	& 3	& 25	\\
d@3: Yes/ No questions  		& 11 	& 2 	& 7 	& 5	& 25	 \\
d@3: \hline
d@3: All Questions			& 22	&8	& 12 & 8	& 50	\\
d@3: \hline
d@3: \end{tabular}
d@3: \end{table}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: %\begin{table}
d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification as Percentage}
d@3: %\label{songIntClassPer}
d@3: %\begin{center}
d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|}
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & Fall  & Other \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Wh-question 		& 27\% 	& 46\%	 & 27\%	\\
d@3: %Yes/ No questions  	& 25\% 	& 62.5\% 	& 12.5\%	 \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %All Questions		& 26\%	& 53\%	& 21\%	\\
d@3: %%Statement as questions  & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\end{tabular}
d@3: %\end{center}
d@3: %\end{table}
d@3: \begin{table}
d@3: \caption{Classification of sung melodic profiles corresponding to questions in lyrics sorted by question types (percentages)}
d@3: \label{songIntClassPer}
d@3: \centering
d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|c c c c|}
d@3: \hline
d@3: Question Type & Rise-Fall & Fall-Rise & Fall & Other \\
d@3: \hline
d@3: \hline
d@3: Wh-question 			& 44\% 	& 24\%	& 20\%	& 12\%	\\
d@3: Yes/ No questions  		& 44\% 	& 8\% 	& 28\% 	& 20\%	 \\
d@3: \hline
d@3: All Questions			& 44\%	& 16\%	& 24\% & 16\%	\\
d@3: \hline
d@3: \end{tabular}
d@3: \end{table}
d@3: 
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Results - From the Literature}
d@3: 
d@3: %\begin{block}{\citet{grabe2005intonation}}
d@3: %
d@3: %``In wh-questions, the fall was more frequent and produced in 61\% of the data. In polar questions, the fall was more frequent but produced in only 44\% of the data.'''
d@3: %\end{block}
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{table}
d@3: %\caption{Intonation Pattern of Song Lyric Intonation Classification as Percentage}
d@3: %\label{songIntClassPer}
d@3: %\begin{center}
d@3: %\begin{tabular}{|c|c c c|}
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Question Type & Rise-fall & {\bf Fall}  & Other \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %Wh-question 		& 27\% 	& {\bf 46\%}	 & 27\%	\\
d@3: %Yes/ No questions  	& 25\% 	&{\bf 62.5\%} 	& 12.5\%	 \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %All Questions		& 26\%	& {\bf 53\%}	& 21\%	\\
d@3: %%Statement as questions  & Terminal rising pitch & Terminal rising pitch \\
d@3: %\hline
d@3: %\end{tabular}
d@3: %\end{center}
d@3: %\end{table}
d@3: \begin{table}[h!]
d@3: \caption{Speech intonation patterns for different questions (reproduced from \citep{grabe2005intonation})}
d@3: \label{Grabe}
d@3: \centering
d@3: \begin{tabular}{|c|ccccc|c|}
d@3: \hline
d@3: 	&	Rise-Fall	&	Fall-Rise	&	Fall	&	Rise	&	Hold	&	Total \\
d@3: \hline\hline
d@3: Wh-Question	&	18	&	133	&	99	&	56	&	0	&	306 \\
d@3: Yes/No Question	&	0	&	86	&	61	&	84	&	0	&	231 \\
d@3: \hline
d@3: \end{tabular}
d@3: \end{table}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Evaluation}
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Performed Statistical Analysis on Results
d@3: \item Used $\chi^2$ to show correlations between melody and speech.
d@3: \item Produced p-values -probability of these results correlating by chance.
d@3: \item P-values for both question types less than $0.01\%$
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Conclusion}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{block}{Hypothesis}
d@3: {\it The general intonation patterns of questions within speech and music are the same.}
d@3: \end{block}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{center}
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Our hypothesis has been proved correct, with a probability of $99.99\%$
d@3: \item The results are statistically significant
d@3: \item This is entirely new research, nobody has every show these correlations before.
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: 
d@3: \end{center}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \frametitle{Further Work}
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{itemize}
d@3: \item Study based on songwriters' dialect, to determine if composed melodies follow suit.
d@3: \item Review of Melody first or lyric first as results
d@3: \item Comparison between different musical genres.
d@3: \item Comparison between different languages.
d@3: \item Other speech intonation patterns.
d@3: \end{itemize}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]
d@3:         \frametitle{References}
d@3:         \bibliographystyle{plainnat}
d@3:         \bibliography{bibl.bib}
d@3:         \nocite{*}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \begin{frame}
d@3: \Huge{\centerline{Questions?}}
d@3: \end{frame}
d@3: 
d@3: 
d@3: \end{document} 
d@3: 
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d@3: %\bibitem[Smith, 2012]{p1} John Smith (2012)
d@3: %\newblock Title of the publication
d@3: %\newblock \emph{Journal Name} 12(3), 45 -- 678.
d@3: %\end{thebibliography}
d@3: %}
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d@3: %\item Explanation
d@3: %\item Example
d@3: %\end{enumerate}
d@3: %
d@3: %\column{.5\textwidth} % Right column and width
d@3: %Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer lectus nisl, ultricies in feugiat rutrum, porttitor sit amet augue. Aliquam ut tortor mauris. Sed volutpat ante purus, quis accumsan dolor.
d@3: %
d@3: %\end{columns}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %\section{Second Section}
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\frametitle{Table}
d@3: %\begin{table}
d@3: %\begin{tabular}{l l l}
d@3: %\toprule
d@3: %\textbf{Treatments} & \textbf{Response 1} & \textbf{Response 2}\\
d@3: %\midrule
d@3: %Treatment 1 & 0.0003262 & 0.562 \\
d@3: %Treatment 2 & 0.0015681 & 0.910 \\
d@3: %Treatment 3 & 0.0009271 & 0.296 \\
d@3: %\bottomrule
d@3: %\end{tabular}
d@3: %\caption{Table caption}
d@3: %\end{table}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\frametitle{Theorem}
d@3: %\begin{theorem}[Mass--energy equivalence]
d@3: %$E = mc^2$
d@3: %\end{theorem}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}[fragile] % Need to use the fragile option when verbatim is used in the slide
d@3: %\frametitle{Verbatim}
d@3: %\begin{example}[Theorem Slide Code]
d@3: %\begin{verbatim}
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\frametitle{Theorem}
d@3: %\begin{theorem}[Mass--energy equivalence]
d@3: %$E = mc^2$
d@3: %\end{theorem}
d@3: %\end{frame}\end{verbatim}
d@3: %\end{example}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\frametitle{Figure}
d@3: %Uncomment the code on this slide to include your own image from the same directory as the template .TeX file.
d@3: %\begin{figure}
d@3: %\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{ecs729-lecture7-ToBI}
d@3: %\end{figure}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}[fragile] % Need to use the fragile option when verbatim is used in the slide
d@3: %\frametitle{Citation}
d@3: %An example of the \verb|\cite| command to cite within the presentation:\\~
d@3: %
d@3: %This statement requires citation \cite{p1}.
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: 
d@3: %
d@3: %%------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\begin{frame}
d@3: %\Huge{\centerline{The End}}
d@3: %\end{frame}
d@3: %
d@3: %%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d@3: %
d@3: %\end{document} 



