Daniel@0: //     Backbone.js 1.1.2
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0: //     (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
Daniel@0: //     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
Daniel@0: //     For all details and documentation:
Daniel@0: //     http://backbonejs.org
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0: (function(root, factory) {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
Daniel@0:   if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
Daniel@0:     define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
Daniel@0:       // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
Daniel@0:       // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
Daniel@0:       root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
Daniel@0:     });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
Daniel@0:   } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
Daniel@0:     var _ = require('underscore');
Daniel@0:     factory(root, exports, _);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Finally, as a browser global.
Daniel@0:   } else {
Daniel@0:     root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
Daniel@0:   }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0: }(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Initial Setup
Daniel@0:   // -------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
Daniel@0:   // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
Daniel@0:   var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
Daniel@0:   var array = [];
Daniel@0:   var push = array.push;
Daniel@0:   var slice = array.slice;
Daniel@0:   var splice = array.splice;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
Daniel@0:   // the `$` variable.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.$ = $;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
Daniel@0:   // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.noConflict = function() {
Daniel@0:     root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
Daniel@0:     return this;
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
Daniel@0:   // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
Daniel@0:   // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
Daniel@0:   // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
Daniel@0:   // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
Daniel@0:   // form param named `model`.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.Events
Daniel@0:   // ---------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
Daniel@0:   // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
Daniel@0:   // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
Daniel@0:   // succession.
Daniel@0:   //
Daniel@0:   //     var object = {};
Daniel@0:   //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
Daniel@0:   //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
Daniel@0:   //     object.trigger('expand');
Daniel@0:   //
Daniel@0:   var Events = Backbone.Events = {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
Daniel@0:     // the callback to all events fired.
Daniel@0:     on: function(name, callback, context) {
Daniel@0:       if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
Daniel@0:       this._events || (this._events = {});
Daniel@0:       var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
Daniel@0:       events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
Daniel@0:     // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
Daniel@0:     once: function(name, callback, context) {
Daniel@0:       if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
Daniel@0:       var self = this;
Daniel@0:       var once = _.once(function() {
Daniel@0:         self.off(name, once);
Daniel@0:         callback.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:       });
Daniel@0:       once._callback = callback;
Daniel@0:       return this.on(name, once, context);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
Daniel@0:     // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
Daniel@0:     // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
Daniel@0:     // callbacks for all events.
Daniel@0:     off: function(name, callback, context) {
Daniel@0:       var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
Daniel@0:       if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
Daniel@0:       if (!name && !callback && !context) {
Daniel@0:         this._events = void 0;
Daniel@0:         return this;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
Daniel@0:       for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:         name = names[i];
Daniel@0:         if (events = this._events[name]) {
Daniel@0:           this._events[name] = retain = [];
Daniel@0:           if (callback || context) {
Daniel@0:             for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
Daniel@0:               ev = events[j];
Daniel@0:               if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
Daniel@0:                   (context && context !== ev.context)) {
Daniel@0:                 retain.push(ev);
Daniel@0:               }
Daniel@0:             }
Daniel@0:           }
Daniel@0:           if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
Daniel@0:     // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
Daniel@0:     // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
Daniel@0:     // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
Daniel@0:     trigger: function(name) {
Daniel@0:       if (!this._events) return this;
Daniel@0:       var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
Daniel@0:       if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
Daniel@0:       var events = this._events[name];
Daniel@0:       var allEvents = this._events.all;
Daniel@0:       if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
Daniel@0:       if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
Daniel@0:     // to every object it's currently listening to.
Daniel@0:     stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
Daniel@0:       var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
Daniel@0:       if (!listeningTo) return this;
Daniel@0:       var remove = !name && !callback;
Daniel@0:       if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
Daniel@0:       if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
Daniel@0:       for (var id in listeningTo) {
Daniel@0:         obj = listeningTo[id];
Daniel@0:         obj.off(name, callback, this);
Daniel@0:         if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Regular expression used to split event strings.
Daniel@0:   var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
Daniel@0:   // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
Daniel@0:   // in terms of the existing API.
Daniel@0:   var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
Daniel@0:     if (!name) return true;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Handle event maps.
Daniel@0:     if (typeof name === 'object') {
Daniel@0:       for (var key in name) {
Daniel@0:         obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return false;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Handle space separated event names.
Daniel@0:     if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
Daniel@0:       var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
Daniel@0:       for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:         obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return false;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     return true;
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
Daniel@0:   // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
Daniel@0:   // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
Daniel@0:   var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
Daniel@0:     var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
Daniel@0:     switch (args.length) {
Daniel@0:       case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
Daniel@0:       case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
Daniel@0:       case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
Daniel@0:       case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
Daniel@0:       default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
Daniel@0:   // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
Daniel@0:   // listening to.
Daniel@0:   _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
Daniel@0:     Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
Daniel@0:       var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
Daniel@0:       var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
Daniel@0:       listeningTo[id] = obj;
Daniel@0:       if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
Daniel@0:       obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     };
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
Daniel@0:   Events.bind   = Events.on;
Daniel@0:   Events.unbind = Events.off;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
Daniel@0:   // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(Backbone, Events);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.Model
Daniel@0:   // --------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
Daniel@0:   // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
Daniel@0:   // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
Daniel@0:   // performing computations and transformations on that data.
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
Daniel@0:   // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
Daniel@0:   var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
Daniel@0:     var attrs = attributes || {};
Daniel@0:     options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:     //MODIFIED
Daniel@0:     //this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
Daniel@0:     this.cid = _.uniqueId(this.cidPrefix || 'c');
Daniel@0:     this.attributes = {};
Daniel@0:     if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
Daniel@0:     if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
Daniel@0:     attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
Daniel@0:     this.set(attrs, options);
Daniel@0:     this.changed = {};
Daniel@0:     this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
Daniel@0:     changed: null,
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The value returned during the last failed validation.
Daniel@0:     validationError: null,
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
Daniel@0:     // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
Daniel@0:     idAttribute: 'id',
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
Daniel@0:     // initialization logic.
Daniel@0:     initialize: function(){},
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
Daniel@0:     toJSON: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       return _.clone(this.attributes);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
Daniel@0:     // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
Daniel@0:     sync: function() {
Daniel@0:       return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get the value of an attribute.
Daniel@0:     get: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       return this.attributes[attr];
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
Daniel@0:     escape: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       return _.escape(this.get(attr));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
Daniel@0:     // or undefined.
Daniel@0:     has: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       return this.get(attr) != null;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
Daniel@0:     // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
Daniel@0:     // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
Daniel@0:     set: function(key, val, options) {
Daniel@0:       var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
Daniel@0:       if (key == null) return this;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
Daniel@0:       if (typeof key === 'object') {
Daniel@0:         attrs = key;
Daniel@0:         options = val;
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         (attrs = {})[key] = val;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       options || (options = {});
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Run validation.
Daniel@0:       if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Extract attributes and options.
Daniel@0:       unset           = options.unset;
Daniel@0:       silent          = options.silent;
Daniel@0:       changes         = [];
Daniel@0:       changing        = this._changing;
Daniel@0:       this._changing  = true;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (!changing) {
Daniel@0:         this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
Daniel@0:         this.changed = {};
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Check for changes of `id`.
Daniel@0:       if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
Daniel@0:       for (attr in attrs) {
Daniel@0:         val = attrs[attr];
Daniel@0:         if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
Daniel@0:         if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
Daniel@0:           this.changed[attr] = val;
Daniel@0:         } else {
Daniel@0:           delete this.changed[attr];
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
Daniel@0:       if (!silent) {
Daniel@0:         if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
Daniel@0:         for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:           this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
Daniel@0:       // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
Daniel@0:       if (changing) return this;
Daniel@0:       if (!silent) {
Daniel@0:         while (this._pending) {
Daniel@0:           options = this._pending;
Daniel@0:           this._pending = false;
Daniel@0:           this.trigger('change', this, options);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       this._pending = false;
Daniel@0:       this._changing = false;
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
Daniel@0:     // if the attribute doesn't exist.
Daniel@0:     unset: function(attr, options) {
Daniel@0:       return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
Daniel@0:     clear: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       var attrs = {};
Daniel@0:       for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
Daniel@0:       return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
Daniel@0:     // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
Daniel@0:     hasChanged: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
Daniel@0:       return _.has(this.changed, attr);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
Daniel@0:     // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
Daniel@0:     // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
Daniel@0:     // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
Daniel@0:     // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
Daniel@0:     // determining if there *would be* a change.
Daniel@0:     changedAttributes: function(diff) {
Daniel@0:       if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
Daniel@0:       var val, changed = false;
Daniel@0:       var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
Daniel@0:       for (var attr in diff) {
Daniel@0:         if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
Daniel@0:         (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return changed;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
Daniel@0:     // `"change"` event was fired.
Daniel@0:     previous: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
Daniel@0:       return this._previousAttributes[attr];
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
Daniel@0:     // `"change"` event.
Daniel@0:     previousAttributes: function() {
Daniel@0:       return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
Daniel@0:     // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
Daniel@0:     // triggering a `"change"` event.
Daniel@0:     fetch: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
Daniel@0:       if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
Daniel@0:       var model = this;
Daniel@0:       var success = options.success;
Daniel@0:       options.success = function(resp) {
Daniel@0:         if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
Daniel@0:         if (success) success(model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:         model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:       wrapError(this, options);
Daniel@0:       return this.sync('read', this, options);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
Daniel@0:     // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
Daniel@0:     // state will be `set` again.
Daniel@0:     save: function(key, val, options) {
Daniel@0:       var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
Daniel@0:       if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
Daniel@0:         attrs = key;
Daniel@0:         options = val;
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         (attrs = {})[key] = val;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
Daniel@0:       // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
Daniel@0:       // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
Daniel@0:       if (attrs && !options.wait) {
Daniel@0:         if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
Daniel@0:       if (attrs && options.wait) {
Daniel@0:         this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
Daniel@0:       // updated with the server-side state.
Daniel@0:       if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
Daniel@0:       var model = this;
Daniel@0:       var success = options.success;
Daniel@0:       options.success = function(resp) {
Daniel@0:         // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
Daniel@0:         model.attributes = attributes;
Daniel@0:         var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
Daniel@0:         if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
Daniel@0:         if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
Daniel@0:           return false;
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         if (success) success(model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:         model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:       wrapError(this, options);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
Daniel@0:       if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
Daniel@0:       xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Restore attributes.
Daniel@0:       if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       return xhr;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
Daniel@0:     // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
Daniel@0:     // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
Daniel@0:     destroy: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
Daniel@0:       var model = this;
Daniel@0:       var success = options.success;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       var destroy = function() {
Daniel@0:         model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       options.success = function(resp) {
Daniel@0:         if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
Daniel@0:         if (success) success(model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:         if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (this.isNew()) {
Daniel@0:         options.success();
Daniel@0:         return false;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       wrapError(this, options);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
Daniel@0:       if (!options.wait) destroy();
Daniel@0:       return xhr;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
Daniel@0:     // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
Daniel@0:     // that will be called.
Daniel@0:     url: function() {
Daniel@0:       var base =
Daniel@0:         _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
Daniel@0:         _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
Daniel@0:         urlError();
Daniel@0:       if (this.isNew()) return base;
Daniel@0:       return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
Daniel@0:     // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
Daniel@0:     parse: function(resp, options) {
Daniel@0:       return resp;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
Daniel@0:     clone: function() {
Daniel@0:       return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
Daniel@0:     isNew: function() {
Daniel@0:       return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
Daniel@0:     isValid: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
Daniel@0:     // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
Daniel@0:     _validate: function(attrs, options) {
Daniel@0:       if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
Daniel@0:       attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
Daniel@0:       var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
Daniel@0:       if (!error) return true;
Daniel@0:       this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
Daniel@0:       return false;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
Daniel@0:   var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
Daniel@0:   _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
Daniel@0:     Model.prototype[method] = function() {
Daniel@0:       var args = slice.call(arguments);
Daniel@0:       args.unshift(this.attributes);
Daniel@0:       return _[method].apply(_, args);
Daniel@0:     };
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.Collection
Daniel@0:   // -------------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
Daniel@0:   // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
Daniel@0:   // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
Daniel@0:   // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
Daniel@0:   // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
Daniel@0:   // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
Daniel@0:   // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
Daniel@0:   // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
Daniel@0:   var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
Daniel@0:     options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:     if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
Daniel@0:     if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
Daniel@0:     this._reset();
Daniel@0:     this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:     if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Default options for `Collection#set`.
Daniel@0:   var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
Daniel@0:   var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
Daniel@0:     // This should be overridden in most cases.
Daniel@0:     model: Model,
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
Daniel@0:     // initialization logic.
Daniel@0:     initialize: function(){},
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
Daniel@0:     // models' attributes.
Daniel@0:     toJSON: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
Daniel@0:     sync: function() {
Daniel@0:       return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
Daniel@0:     add: function(models, options) {
Daniel@0:       return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
Daniel@0:     remove: function(models, options) {
Daniel@0:       var singular = !_.isArray(models);
Daniel@0:       models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
Daniel@0:       options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:       var i, l, index, model;
Daniel@0:       for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:         model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
Daniel@0:         if (!model) continue;
Daniel@0:         delete this._byId[model.id];
Daniel@0:         delete this._byId[model.cid];
Daniel@0:         index = this.indexOf(model);
Daniel@0:         this.models.splice(index, 1);
Daniel@0:         this.length--;
Daniel@0:         if (!options.silent) {
Daniel@0:           options.index = index;
Daniel@0:           model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         this._removeReference(model, options);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return singular ? models[0] : models;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
Daniel@0:     // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
Daniel@0:     // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
Daniel@0:     // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
Daniel@0:     set: function(models, options) {
Daniel@0:       options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
Daniel@0:       if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
Daniel@0:       var singular = !_.isArray(models);
Daniel@0:       models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
Daniel@0:       var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
Daniel@0:       var at = options.at;
Daniel@0:       var targetModel = this.model;
Daniel@0:       var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
Daniel@0:       var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
Daniel@0:       var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
Daniel@0:       var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
Daniel@0:       var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
Daniel@0:       // from being added.
Daniel@0:       for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:         attrs = models[i] || {};
Daniel@0:         if (attrs instanceof Model) {
Daniel@0:           id = model = attrs;
Daniel@0:         } else {
Daniel@0:           id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
Daniel@0:         // optionally merge it into the existing model.
Daniel@0:         if (existing = this.get(id)) {
Daniel@0:           if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
Daniel@0:           if (merge) {
Daniel@0:             attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
Daniel@0:             if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
Daniel@0:             existing.set(attrs, options);
Daniel@0:             if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
Daniel@0:           }
Daniel@0:           models[i] = existing;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
Daniel@0:         } else if (add) {
Daniel@0:           model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
Daniel@0:           if (!model) continue;
Daniel@0:           toAdd.push(model);
Daniel@0:           this._addReference(model, options);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
Daniel@0:         model = existing || model;
Daniel@0:         if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[model.id])) order.push(model);
Daniel@0:         modelMap[model.id] = true;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
Daniel@0:       if (remove) {
Daniel@0:         for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
Daniel@0:           if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
Daniel@0:       if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
Daniel@0:         if (sortable) sort = true;
Daniel@0:         this.length += toAdd.length;
Daniel@0:         if (at != null) {
Daniel@0:           for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:             this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
Daniel@0:           }
Daniel@0:         } else {
Daniel@0:           if (order) this.models.length = 0;
Daniel@0:           var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
Daniel@0:           for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:             this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
Daniel@0:           }
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
Daniel@0:       if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
Daniel@0:       if (!options.silent) {
Daniel@0:         for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:           (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
Daniel@0:       return singular ? models[0] : models;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
Daniel@0:     // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
Daniel@0:     // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
Daniel@0:     // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
Daniel@0:     reset: function(models, options) {
Daniel@0:       options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:       for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
Daniel@0:         this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       options.previousModels = this.models;
Daniel@0:       this._reset();
Daniel@0:       models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
Daniel@0:       if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
Daniel@0:       return models;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add a model to the end of the collection.
Daniel@0:     push: function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:       return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
Daniel@0:     pop: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
Daniel@0:       this.remove(model, options);
Daniel@0:       return model;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
Daniel@0:     unshift: function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:       return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
Daniel@0:     shift: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       var model = this.at(0);
Daniel@0:       this.remove(model, options);
Daniel@0:       return model;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
Daniel@0:     slice: function() {
Daniel@0:       return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get a model from the set by id.
Daniel@0:     get: function(obj) {
Daniel@0:       if (obj == null) return void 0;
Daniel@0:       return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get the model at the given index.
Daniel@0:     at: function(index) {
Daniel@0:       return this.models[index];
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
Daniel@0:     // `filter`.
Daniel@0:     where: function(attrs, first) {
Daniel@0:       if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
Daniel@0:       return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
Daniel@0:         for (var key in attrs) {
Daniel@0:           if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:         return true;
Daniel@0:       });
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
Daniel@0:     // of `find`.
Daniel@0:     findWhere: function(attrs) {
Daniel@0:       return this.where(attrs, true);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
Daniel@0:     // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
Daniel@0:     // is added.
Daniel@0:     sort: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
Daniel@0:       options || (options = {});
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
Daniel@0:       if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
Daniel@0:         this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
Daniel@0:     pluck: function(attr) {
Daniel@0:       return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
Daniel@0:     // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
Daniel@0:     // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
Daniel@0:     fetch: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
Daniel@0:       if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
Daniel@0:       var success = options.success;
Daniel@0:       var collection = this;
Daniel@0:       options.success = function(resp) {
Daniel@0:         var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
Daniel@0:         collection[method](resp, options);
Daniel@0:         if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
Daniel@0:         collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:       wrapError(this, options);
Daniel@0:       return this.sync('read', this, options);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
Daniel@0:     // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
Daniel@0:     // wait for the server to agree.
Daniel@0:     create: function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
Daniel@0:       if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
Daniel@0:       if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
Daniel@0:       var collection = this;
Daniel@0:       var success = options.success;
Daniel@0:       options.success = function(model, resp) {
Daniel@0:         if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
Daniel@0:         if (success) success(model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:       model.save(null, options);
Daniel@0:       return model;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
Daniel@0:     // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
Daniel@0:     parse: function(resp, options) {
Daniel@0:       return resp;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
Daniel@0:     clone: function() {
Daniel@0:       return new this.constructor(this.models);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
Daniel@0:     // is first initialized or reset.
Daniel@0:     _reset: function() {
Daniel@0:       this.length = 0;
Daniel@0:       this.models = [];
Daniel@0:       this._byId  = {};
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
Daniel@0:     // collection.
Daniel@0:     _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
Daniel@0:       if (attrs instanceof Model) return attrs;
Daniel@0:       options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
Daniel@0:       options.collection = this;
Daniel@0:       var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
Daniel@0:       if (!model.validationError) return model;
Daniel@0:       this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
Daniel@0:       return false;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
Daniel@0:     _addReference: function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:       this._byId[model.cid] = model;
Daniel@0:       if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
Daniel@0:       if (!model.collection) model.collection = this;
Daniel@0:       model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
Daniel@0:     _removeReference: function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:       if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
Daniel@0:       model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
Daniel@0:     // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
Daniel@0:     // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
Daniel@0:     // in other collections are ignored.
Daniel@0:     _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
Daniel@0:       if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
Daniel@0:       if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
Daniel@0:       if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
Daniel@0:         delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
Daniel@0:         if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
Daniel@0:   // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
Daniel@0:   // right here:
Daniel@0:   var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
Daniel@0:     'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
Daniel@0:     'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
Daniel@0:     'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
Daniel@0:     'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
Daniel@0:     'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample'];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
Daniel@0:   _.each(methods, function(method) {
Daniel@0:     Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
Daniel@0:       var args = slice.call(arguments);
Daniel@0:       args.unshift(this.models);
Daniel@0:       return _[method].apply(_, args);
Daniel@0:     };
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
Daniel@0:   var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Use attributes instead of properties.
Daniel@0:   _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
Daniel@0:     Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
Daniel@0:       var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
Daniel@0:         return model.get(value);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:       return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
Daniel@0:     };
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.View
Daniel@0:   // -------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
Daniel@0:   // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
Daniel@0:   // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
Daniel@0:   // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
Daniel@0:   // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
Daniel@0:   // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
Daniel@0:   // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
Daniel@0:   // if an existing element is not provided...
Daniel@0:   var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
Daniel@0:     this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
Daniel@0:     options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:     _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
Daniel@0:     this._ensureElement();
Daniel@0:     this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:     this.delegateEvents();
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
Daniel@0:   var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // List of view options to be merged as properties.
Daniel@0:   var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
Daniel@0:     tagName: 'div',
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
Daniel@0:     // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
Daniel@0:     $: function(selector) {
Daniel@0:       return this.$el.find(selector);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
Daniel@0:     // initialization logic.
Daniel@0:     initialize: function(){},
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
Daniel@0:     // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
Daniel@0:     // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
Daniel@0:     render: function() {
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
Daniel@0:     // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
Daniel@0:     remove: function() {
Daniel@0:       this.$el.remove();
Daniel@0:       this.stopListening();
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
Daniel@0:     // re-delegation.
Daniel@0:     setElement: function(element, delegate) {
Daniel@0:       if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
Daniel@0:       this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
Daniel@0:       this.el = this.$el[0];
Daniel@0:       if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     //     {
Daniel@0:     //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
Daniel@0:     //       'click .button':     'save',
Daniel@0:     //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
Daniel@0:     //     }
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
Daniel@0:     // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
Daniel@0:     // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
Daniel@0:     // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
Daniel@0:     // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
Daniel@0:     delegateEvents: function(events) {
Daniel@0:       if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
Daniel@0:       this.undelegateEvents();
Daniel@0:       for (var key in events) {
Daniel@0:         var method = events[key];
Daniel@0:         if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
Daniel@0:         if (!method) continue;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
Daniel@0:         var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
Daniel@0:         method = _.bind(method, this);
Daniel@0:         eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
Daniel@0:         if (selector === '') {
Daniel@0:           this.$el.on(eventName, method);
Daniel@0:         } else {
Daniel@0:           this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
Daniel@0:     // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
Daniel@0:     // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
Daniel@0:     undelegateEvents: function() {
Daniel@0:       this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
Daniel@0:     // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
Daniel@0:     // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
Daniel@0:     // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
Daniel@0:     _ensureElement: function() {
Daniel@0:       if (!this.el) {
Daniel@0:         var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
Daniel@0:         if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
Daniel@0:         if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
Daniel@0:         var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
Daniel@0:         this.setElement($el, false);
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.sync
Daniel@0:   // -------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
Daniel@0:   // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
Daniel@0:   // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
Daniel@0:   // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
Daniel@0:   //
Daniel@0:   // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
Daniel@0:   // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
Daniel@0:   // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
Daniel@0:   //
Daniel@0:   // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
Daniel@0:   // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
Daniel@0:   // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
Daniel@0:   // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
Daniel@0:   // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
Daniel@0:   // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
Daniel@0:     var type = methodMap[method];
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Default options, unless specified.
Daniel@0:     _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
Daniel@0:       emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
Daniel@0:       emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
Daniel@0:     });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Default JSON-request options.
Daniel@0:     var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Ensure that we have a URL.
Daniel@0:     if (!options.url) {
Daniel@0:       params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
Daniel@0:     if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
Daniel@0:       params.contentType = 'application/json';
Daniel@0:       params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
Daniel@0:     if (options.emulateJSON) {
Daniel@0:       params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
Daniel@0:       params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
Daniel@0:     // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
Daniel@0:     if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
Daniel@0:       params.type = 'POST';
Daniel@0:       if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
Daniel@0:       var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
Daniel@0:       options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
Daniel@0:         xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
Daniel@0:         if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
Daniel@0:     if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
Daniel@0:       params.processData = false;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
Daniel@0:     // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
Daniel@0:     // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
Daniel@0:     if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
Daniel@0:       params.xhr = function() {
Daniel@0:         return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
Daniel@0:       };
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
Daniel@0:     var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
Daniel@0:     model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
Daniel@0:     return xhr;
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   var noXhrPatch =
Daniel@0:     typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject &&
Daniel@0:       !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
Daniel@0:   var methodMap = {
Daniel@0:     'create': 'POST',
Daniel@0:     'update': 'PUT',
Daniel@0:     'patch':  'PATCH',
Daniel@0:     'delete': 'DELETE',
Daniel@0:     'read':   'GET'
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
Daniel@0:   // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.ajax = function() {
Daniel@0:     return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.Router
Daniel@0:   // ---------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
Daniel@0:   // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
Daniel@0:   var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
Daniel@0:     options || (options = {});
Daniel@0:     if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
Daniel@0:     this._bindRoutes();
Daniel@0:     this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
Daniel@0:   // parts of route strings.
Daniel@0:   var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
Daniel@0:   var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
Daniel@0:   var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
Daniel@0:   var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
Daniel@0:     // initialization logic.
Daniel@0:     initialize: function(){},
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
Daniel@0:     //       ...
Daniel@0:     //     });
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     route: function(route, name, callback) {
Daniel@0:       if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
Daniel@0:       if (_.isFunction(name)) {
Daniel@0:         callback = name;
Daniel@0:         name = '';
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       if (!callback) callback = this[name];
Daniel@0:       var router = this;
Daniel@0:       Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
Daniel@0:         var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
Daniel@0:         router.execute(callback, args);
Daniel@0:         router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
Daniel@0:         router.trigger('route', name, args);
Daniel@0:         Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
Daniel@0:       });
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
Daniel@0:     // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
Daniel@0:     execute: function(callback, args) {
Daniel@0:       if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
Daniel@0:     navigate: function(fragment, options) {
Daniel@0:       Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
Daniel@0:       return this;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
Daniel@0:     // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
Daniel@0:     // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
Daniel@0:     _bindRoutes: function() {
Daniel@0:       if (!this.routes) return;
Daniel@0:       this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
Daniel@0:       var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
Daniel@0:       while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
Daniel@0:         this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
Daniel@0:     // against the current location hash.
Daniel@0:     _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
Daniel@0:       route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
Daniel@0:                    .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
Daniel@0:                    .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
Daniel@0:                      return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
Daniel@0:                    })
Daniel@0:                    .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
Daniel@0:       return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
Daniel@0:     // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
Daniel@0:     // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
Daniel@0:     _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
Daniel@0:       var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
Daniel@0:       return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
Daniel@0:         // Don't decode the search params.
Daniel@0:         if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
Daniel@0:         return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
Daniel@0:       });
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Backbone.History
Daniel@0:   // ----------------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
Daniel@0:   // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
Daniel@0:   // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
Daniel@0:   // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
Daniel@0:   // falls back to polling.
Daniel@0:   var History = Backbone.History = function() {
Daniel@0:     this.handlers = [];
Daniel@0:     _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
Daniel@0:     if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
Daniel@0:       this.location = window.location;
Daniel@0:       this.history = window.history;
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
Daniel@0:   var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
Daniel@0:   var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
Daniel@0:   var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
Daniel@0:   var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
Daniel@0:   var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Has the history handling already been started?
Daniel@0:   History.started = false;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
Daniel@0:   _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
Daniel@0:     // twenty times a second.
Daniel@0:     interval: 50,
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Are we at the app root?
Daniel@0:     atRoot: function() {
Daniel@0:       return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
Daniel@0:     // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
Daniel@0:     getHash: function(window) {
Daniel@0:       var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
Daniel@0:       return match ? match[1] : '';
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
Daniel@0:     // the hash, or the override.
Daniel@0:     getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
Daniel@0:       if (fragment == null) {
Daniel@0:         if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
Daniel@0:           fragment = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.location.search);
Daniel@0:           var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
Daniel@0:           if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
Daniel@0:         } else {
Daniel@0:           fragment = this.getHash();
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
Daniel@0:     // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
Daniel@0:     start: function(options) {
Daniel@0:       if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
Daniel@0:       History.started = true;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
Daniel@0:       // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
Daniel@0:       this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
Daniel@0:       this.root             = this.options.root;
Daniel@0:       this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
Daniel@0:       this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
Daniel@0:       this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
Daniel@0:       var fragment          = this.getFragment();
Daniel@0:       var docMode           = document.documentMode;
Daniel@0:       var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
Daniel@0:       this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
Daniel@0:         var frame = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');
Daniel@0:         this.iframe = frame.hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
Daniel@0:         this.navigate(fragment);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
Daniel@0:       // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
Daniel@0:       if (this._hasPushState) {
Daniel@0:         Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
Daniel@0:       } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
Daniel@0:         Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
Daniel@0:       } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
Daniel@0:         this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
Daniel@0:       // opened by a non-pushState browser.
Daniel@0:       this.fragment = fragment;
Daniel@0:       var loc = this.location;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
Daniel@0:       // requested.
Daniel@0:       if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
Daniel@0:         // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
Daniel@0:         if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
Daniel@0:           this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
Daniel@0:           this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.fragment);
Daniel@0:           // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
Daniel@0:           return true;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:         // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
Daniel@0:         // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
Daniel@0:         } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot() && loc.hash) {
Daniel@0:           this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
Daniel@0:           this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
Daniel@0:     // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
Daniel@0:     stop: function() {
Daniel@0:       Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
Daniel@0:       if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
Daniel@0:       History.started = false;
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
Daniel@0:     // may override previous routes.
Daniel@0:     route: function(route, callback) {
Daniel@0:       this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
Daniel@0:     // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
Daniel@0:     checkUrl: function(e) {
Daniel@0:       var current = this.getFragment();
Daniel@0:       if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
Daniel@0:         current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       if (current === this.fragment) return false;
Daniel@0:       if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
Daniel@0:       this.loadUrl();
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
Daniel@0:     // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
Daniel@0:     // returns `false`.
Daniel@0:     loadUrl: function(fragment) {
Daniel@0:       fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
Daniel@0:       return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
Daniel@0:         if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
Daniel@0:           handler.callback(fragment);
Daniel@0:           return true;
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0:       });
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
Daniel@0:     // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
Daniel@0:     // the fragment in advance.
Daniel@0:     //
Daniel@0:     // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
Daniel@0:     // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
Daniel@0:     // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
Daniel@0:     navigate: function(fragment, options) {
Daniel@0:       if (!History.started) return false;
Daniel@0:       if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Strip the hash for matching.
Daniel@0:       fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
Daniel@0:       this.fragment = fragment;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
Daniel@0:       if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
Daniel@0:       if (this._hasPushState) {
Daniel@0:         this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
Daniel@0:       // fragment to store history.
Daniel@0:       } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
Daniel@0:         this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
Daniel@0:         if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
Daniel@0:           // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
Daniel@0:           // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
Daniel@0:           // want this.
Daniel@0:           if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
Daniel@0:           this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
Daniel@0:         }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:       // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
Daniel@0:       // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         return this.location.assign(url);
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:       if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
Daniel@0:     },
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
Daniel@0:     // a new one to the browser history.
Daniel@0:     _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
Daniel@0:       if (replace) {
Daniel@0:         var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
Daniel@0:         location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
Daniel@0:       } else {
Daniel@0:         // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
Daniel@0:         location.hash = '#' + fragment;
Daniel@0:       }
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   });
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Create the default Backbone.history.
Daniel@0:   Backbone.history = new History;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Helpers
Daniel@0:   // -------
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
Daniel@0:   // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
Daniel@0:   // class properties to be extended.
Daniel@0:   var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
Daniel@0:     var parent = this;
Daniel@0:     var child;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
Daniel@0:     // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
Daniel@0:     // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
Daniel@0:     if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
Daniel@0:       child = protoProps.constructor;
Daniel@0:     } else {
Daniel@0:       child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
Daniel@0:     }
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
Daniel@0:     _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
Daniel@0:     // `parent`'s constructor function.
Daniel@0:     var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
Daniel@0:     Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
Daniel@0:     child.prototype = new Surrogate;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
Daniel@0:     // if supplied.
Daniel@0:     if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
Daniel@0:     // later.
Daniel@0:     child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:     return child;
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
Daniel@0:   Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
Daniel@0:   var urlError = function() {
Daniel@0:     throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
Daniel@0:   var wrapError = function(model, options) {
Daniel@0:     var error = options.error;
Daniel@0:     options.error = function(resp) {
Daniel@0:       if (error) error(model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:       model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
Daniel@0:     };
Daniel@0:   };
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0:   return Backbone;
Daniel@0: 
Daniel@0: }));