Mercurial > hg > camir-aes2014
diff toolboxes/graph_visualisation/share/man/man3/cdt.3 @ 0:e9a9cd732c1e tip
first hg version after svn
author | wolffd |
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date | Tue, 10 Feb 2015 15:05:51 +0000 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/toolboxes/graph_visualisation/share/man/man3/cdt.3 Tue Feb 10 15:05:51 2015 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,483 @@ +.TH LIBCDT 3 +.SH NAME +\fBCdt\fR \- container data types +.SH SYNOPSIS +.de Tp +.fl +.ne 2 +.TP +.. +.de Ss +.fl +.ne 2 +.SS "\\$1" +.. +.de Cs +.nf +.ft 5 +.. +.de Ce +.ft 1 +.fi +.. +.ta 1.0i 2.0i 3.0i 4.0i 5.0i +.Cs +#include <graphviz/cdt.h> +.Ce +.Ss "DICTIONARY TYPES" +.Cs +Void_t*; +Dt_t; +Dtdisc_t; +Dtmethod_t; +Dtlink_t; +Dtstat_t; +.Ce +.Ss "DICTIONARY CONTROL" +.Cs +Dt_t* dtopen(Dtdisc_t* disc, Dtmethod_t* meth); +int dtclose(Dt_t* dt); +void dtclear(dt); +Dtmethod_t* dtmethod(Dt_t* dt, Dtmethod_t* meth); +Dtdisc_t* dtdisc(Dt_t* dt, Dtdisc_t* disc, int type); +Dt_t* dtview(Dt_t* dt, Dt_t* view); +.Ce +.Ss "STORAGE METHODS" +.Cs +Dtmethod_t* Dtset; +Dtmethod_t* Dtbag; +Dtmethod_t* Dtoset; +Dtmethod_t* Dtobag; +Dtmethod_t* Dtlist; +Dtmethod_t* Dtstack; +Dtmethod_t* Dtqueue; +.Ce +.Ss "DISCIPLINE" +.Cs +typedef Void_t* (*Dtmake_f)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Dtdisc_t*); +typedef void (*Dtfree_f)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Dtdisc_t*); +typedef int (*Dtcompar_f)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Void_t*, Dtdisc_t*); +typedef unsigned int (*Dthash_f)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Dtdisc_t*); +typedef Void_t* (*Dtmemory_f)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, size_t, Dtdisc_t*); +typedef int (*Dtevent_f)(Dt_t*, int, Void_t*, Dtdisc_t*); +.Ce +.Ss "OBJECT OPERATIONS" +.Cs +Void_t* dtinsert(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +Void_t* dtdelete(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +Void_t* dtsearch(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +Void_t* dtmatch(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* key); +Void_t* dtfirst(Dt_t* dt); +Void_t* dtnext(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +Void_t* dtlast(Dt_t* dt); +Void_t* dtprev(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +Void_t* dtfinger(Dt_t* dt); +Void_t* dtrenew(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj); +int dtwalk(Dt_t* dt, int (*userf)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Void_t*), Void_t*); +Dtlink_t* dtflatten(Dt_t* dt); +Dtlink_t* dtlink(Dt_t*, Dtlink_t* link); +Void_t* dtobj(Dt_t* dt, Dtlink_t* link); +Dtlink_t* dtextract(Dt_t* dt); +int dtrestore(Dt_t* dt, Dtlink_t* link); +.Ce +.Ss "DICTIONARY STATUS" +.Cs +Dt_t* dtvnext(Dt_t* dt); +int dtvcount(Dt_t* dt); +Dt_t* dtvhere(Dt_t* dt); +int dtsize(Dt_t* dt); +int dtstat(Dt_t* dt, Dtstat_t*, int all); +.Ce +.Ss "HASH FUNCTIONS" +.Cs +unsigned int dtstrhash(unsigned int h, char* str, int n); +unsigned int dtcharhash(unsigned int h, unsigned char c); +.Ce +.SH DESCRIPTION +.PP +\fICdt\fP manages run-time dictionaries using standard container data types: +unordered set/multiset, ordered set/multiset, list, stack, and queue. +.PP +.Ss "DICTIONARY TYPES" +.PP +.Ss " Void_t*" +This type is used to pass objects between \fICdt\fP and application code. +\f5Void_t\fP is defined as \f5void\fP for ANSI-C and C++ +and \f5char\fP for other compilation environments. +.PP +.Ss " Dt_t" +This is the type of a dictionary handle. +.PP +.Ss " Dtdisc_t" +This defines the type of a discipline structure which describes +object lay-out and manipulation functions. +.PP +.Ss " Dtmethod_t" +This defines the type of a container method. +.PP +.Ss " Dtlink_t" +This is the type of a dictionary object holder (see \f5dtdisc()\fP.) +.PP +.Ss " Dtstat_t" +This is the type of a structure to return dictionary statistics (see \f5dtstat()\fP.) +.PP +.Ss "DICTIONARY CONTROL" +.PP +.Ss " Dt_t* dtopen(Dtdisc_t* disc, Dtmethod_t* meth)" +This creates a new dictionary. +\f5disc\fP is a discipline structure to describe object format. +\f5meth\fP specifies a manipulation method. +\f5dtopen()\fP returns the new dictionary or \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " int dtclose(Dt_t* dt)" +This deletes \f5dt\fP and its objects. +Note that \f5dtclose()\fP fails if \f5dt\fP is being viewed by +some other dictionaries (see \f5dtview()\fP). +\f5dtclose()\fP returns \f50\fP on success and \f5-1\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " void dtclear(Dt_t* dt)" +This deletes all objects in \f5dt\fP without closing \f5dt\fP. +.PP +.Ss " Dtmethod_t dtmethod(Dt_t* dt, Dtmethod_t* meth)" +If \f5meth\fP is \f5NULL\fP, \f5dtmethod()\fP returns the current method. +Otherwise, it changes the storage method of \f5dt\fP to \f5meth\fP. +Object order remains the same during a +method switch among \f5Dtlist\fP, \f5Dtstack\fP and \f5Dtqueue\fP. +Switching to and from \f5Dtset/Dtbag\fP and \f5Dtoset/Dtobag\fP may cause +objects to be rehashed, reordered, or removed as the case requires. +\f5dtmethod()\fP returns the previous method or \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " Dtdisc_t* dtdisc(Dt_t* dt, Dtdisc_t* disc, int type)" +If \f5disc\fP is \f5NULL\fP, \f5dtdisc()\fP returns the current discipline. +Otherwise, it changes the discipline of \f5dt\fP to \f5disc\fP. +Objects may be rehashed, reordered, or removed as appropriate. +\f5type\fP can be any bit combination of \f5DT_SAMECMP\fP and \f5DT_SAMEHASH\fP. +\f5DT_SAMECMP\fP means that objects will compare exactly the same as before +thus obviating the need for reordering or removing new duplicates. +\f5DT_SAMEHASH\fP means that hash values of objects remain the same +thus obviating the need to rehash. +\f5dtdisc()\fP returns the previous discipline on success +and \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " Dt_t* dtview(Dt_t* dt, Dt_t* view)" +A viewpath allows a search or walk starting from a dictionary to continue to another. +\f5dtview()\fP first terminates any current view from \f5dt\fP to another dictionary. +Then, if \f5view\fP is \f5NULL\fP, \f5dtview\fP returns the terminated view dictionary. +If \f5view\fP is not \f5NULL\fP, a viewpath from \f5dt\fP to \f5view\fP is established. +\f5dtview()\fP returns \f5dt\fP on success and \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +If two dictionaries on the same viewpath have the same values for the discipline fields +\f5Dtdisc_t.link\fP, \f5Dtdisc_t.key\fP, \f5Dtdisc_t.size\fP, and \f5Dtdisc_t.hashf\fP, +it is expected that key hashing will be the same. +If not, undefined behaviors may result during a search or a walk. +.PP +.Ss "STORAGE METHODS" +.PP +Storage methods are of type \f5Dtmethod_t*\fP. +\fICdt\fP supports the following methods: +.PP +.Ss " Dtoset" +.Ss " Dtobag" +Objects are ordered by comparisons. +\f5Dtoset\fP keeps unique objects. +\f5Dtobag\fP allows repeatable objects. +.PP +.Ss " Dtset" +.Ss " Dtbag" +Objects are unordered. +\f5Dtset\fP keeps unique objects. +\f5Dtbag\fP allows repeatable objects and always keeps them together +(note the effect on dictionary walking.) +.PP +.Ss " Dtlist" +Objects are kept in a list. +New objects are inserted either +in front of \fIcurrent object\fP (see \f5dtfinger()\fP) if this is defined +or at list front if there is no current object. +.PP +.Ss " Dtstack" +Objects are kept in a stack, i.e., in reverse order of insertion. +Thus, the last object inserted is at stack top +and will be the first to be deleted. +.PP +.Ss " Dtqueue" +Objects are kept in a queue, i.e., in order of insertion. +Thus, the first object inserted is at queue head +and will be the first to be deleted. +.PP +.Ss "DISCIPLINE" +.PP +Object format and associated management functions are +defined in the type \f5Dtdisc_t\fP: +.Cs + typedef struct + { int key, size; + int link; + Dtmake_f makef; + Dtfree_f freef; + Dtcompar_f comparf; + Dthash_f hashf; + Dtmemory_f memoryf; + Dtevent_f eventf; + } Dtdisc_t; +.Ce +.Ss " int key, size" +Each object \f5obj\fP is identified by a key used for object comparison or hashing. +\f5key\fP should be non-negative and defines an offset into \f5obj\fP. +If \f5size\fP is negative, the key is a null-terminated +string with starting address \f5*(Void_t**)((char*)obj+key)\fP. +If \f5size\fP is zero, the key is a null-terminated string with starting address +\f5(Void_t*)((char*)obj+key)\fP. +Finally, if \f5size\fP is positive, the key is a byte array of length \f5size\fP +starting at \f5(Void_t*)((char*)obj+key)\fP. +.PP +.Ss " int link" +Let \f5obj\fP be an object to be inserted into \f5dt\fP as discussed below. +If \f5link\fP is negative, an internally allocated object holder is used +to hold \f5obj\fP. Otherwise, \f5obj\fP should have +a \f5Dtlink_t\fP structure embedded \f5link\fP bytes into it, +i.e., at address \f5(Dtlink_t*)((char*)obj+link)\fP. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* (*makef)(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If \f5makef\fP is not \f5NULL\fP, +\f5dtinsert(dt,obj)\fP will call it +to make a copy of \f5obj\fP suitable for insertion into \f5dt\fP. +If \f5makef\fP is \f5NULL\fP, \f5obj\fP itself will be inserted into \f5dt\fP. +.PP +.Ss " void (*freef)(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If not \f5NULL\fP, +\f5freef\fP is used to destroy data associated with \f5obj\fP. +.PP +.Ss "int (*comparf)(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* key1, Void_t* key2, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If not \f5NULL\fP, \f5comparf\fP is used to compare two keys. +Its return value should be \f5<0\fP, \f5=0\fP, or \f5>0\fP to indicate +whether \f5key1\fP is smaller, equal to, or larger than \f5key2\fP. +All three values are significant for method \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP. +For other methods, a zero value +indicates equality and a non-zero value indicates inequality. +If \f5(*comparf)()\fP is \f5NULL\fP, an internal function is used +to compare the keys as defined by the \f5Dtdisc_t.size\fP field. +.PP +.Ss " unsigned int (*hashf)(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* key, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If not \f5NULL\fP, +\f5hashf\fP is used to compute the hash value of \f5key\fP. +It is required that keys compared equal will also have same hash values. +If \f5hashf\fP is \f5NULL\fP, an internal function is used to hash +the key as defined by the \f5Dtdisc_t.size\fP field. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* (*memoryf)(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* addr, size_t size, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If not \f5NULL\fP, \f5memoryf\fP is used to allocate and free memory. +When \f5addr\fP is \f5NULL\fP, a memory segment of size \f5size\fP is requested. +If \f5addr\fP is not \f5NULL\fP and \f5size\fP is zero, \f5addr\fP is to be freed. +If \f5addr\fP is not \f5NULL\fP and \f5size\fP is positive, +\f5addr\fP is to be resized to the given size. +If \f5memoryf\fP is \f5NULL\fP, \fImalloc(3)\fP is used. +When dictionaries share memory, +a record of the first allocated memory segment should be kept +so that it can be used to initialize new dictionaries (see below.) +.PP +.Ss " int (*eventf)(Dt_t* dt, int type, Void_t* data, Dtdisc_t* disc)" +If not \f5NULL\fP, \f5eventf\fP announces various events. +If it returns a negative value, the calling operation will terminate with failure. +Unless noted otherwise, a non-negative return value let the +calling function proceed normally. Following are the events: +.Tp +\f5DT_OPEN\fP: +\f5dt\fP is being opened. +If \f5eventf\fP returns zero, the opening process proceeds normally. +A positive return value indicates that \f5dt\fP +uses memory already initialized by a different dictionary. +In that case, \f5*(Void_t**)data\fP should be set to +the first allocated memory segment as discussed in \f5memoryf\fP. +\f5dtopen()\fP may fail if this segment is not returned or +if it has not been properly initialized. +.Tp +\f5DT_CLOSE\fP: +\f5dt\fP is being closed. +.Tp +\f5DT_DISC\fP: +The discipline of \f5dt\fP is being changed to a new one given in +\f5(Dtdisc_t*)data\fP. +.Tp +\f5DT_METH\fP: +The method of \f5dt\fP is being changed to a new one given in +\f5(Dtmethod_t*)data\fP. +.PP +.Ss "OBJECT OPERATIONS" +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtinsert(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +This inserts an object prototyped by \f5obj\fP into \f5dt\fP. +If there is an existing object in \f5dt\fP matching \f5obj\fP +and the storage method is \f5Dtset\fP or \f5Dtoset\fP, +\f5dtinsert()\fP will simply return the matching object. +Otherwise, a new object is inserted according to the method in use. +See \f5Dtdisc_t.makef\fP for object construction. +\f5dtinsert()\fP returns the new object, a matching object as noted, +or \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtdelete(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +If \f5obj\fP is not \f5NULL\fP, the first object matching it is deleted. +If \f5obj\fP is \f5NULL\fP, methods \f5Dtstack\fP and \f5Dtqueue\fP +delete respectively stack top or queue head while other methods do nothing. +See \f5Dtdisc_t.freef\fP for object destruction. +\f5dtdelete()\fP returns the deleted object (even if it was deallocated) +or \f5NULL\fP on error. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtsearch(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +.Ss " Void_t* dtmatch(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* key)" +These functions find an object matching \f5obj\fP or \f5key\fP either from \f5dt\fP or +from some dictionary accessible from \f5dt\fP via a viewpath (see \f5dtview()\fP.) +\f5dtsearch()\fP and \f5dtmatch()\fP return the matching object or +\f5NULL\fP on failure. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtfirst(Dt_t* dt)" +.Ss " Void_t* dtnext(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +\f5dtfirst()\fP returns the first object in \f5dt\fP. +\f5dtnext()\fP returns the object following \f5obj\fP. +Objects are ordered based on the storage method in use. +For \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP, objects are ordered by object comparisons. +For \f5Dtstack\fP, objects are ordered in reverse order of insertion. +For \f5Dtqueue\fP, objects are ordered in order of insertion. +For \f5Dtlist\fP, objects are ordered by list position. +For \f5Dtset\fP and \f5Dtbag\fP, +objects use some internal ordering which +may change on any search, insert, or delete operations. +Therefore, these operations should not be used +during a walk on a dictionary using either \f5Dtset\fP or \f5Dtbag\fP. +.PP +Objects in a dictionary or a viewpath can be walked using +a \f5for(;;)\fP loop as below. +Note that only one loop can be used at a time per dictionary. +Concurrent or nested loops may result in unexpected behaviors. +.Cs + for(obj = dtfirst(dt); obj; obj = dtnext(dt,obj)) +.Ce +.Ss " Void_t* dtlast(Dt_t* dt)" +.Ss " Void_t* dtprev(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +\f5dtlast()\fP and \f5dtprev()\fP are like \f5dtfirst()\fP and \f5dtnext()\fP +but work in reverse order. +Note that dictionaries on a viewpath are still walked in order +but objects in each dictionary are walked in reverse order. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtfinger(Dt_t* dt)" +This function returns the \fIcurrent object\fP of \f5dt\fP, if any. +The current object is defined after a successful call to one of +\f5dtsearch()\fP, \f5dtmatch()\fP, \f5dtinsert()\fP, +\f5dtfirst()\fP, \f5dtnext()\fP, \f5dtlast()\fP, or \f5dtprev()\fP. +As a side effect of this implementation of \fICdt\fP, +when a dictionary is based on \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP, +the current object is always defined and is the root of the tree. +.PP +.Ss " Void_t* dtrenew(Dt_t* dt, Void_t* obj)" +This function repositions and perhaps rehashes +an object \f5obj\fP after its key has been changed. +\f5dtrenew()\fP only works if \f5obj\fP is the current object (see \f5dtfinger()\fP). +.PP +.Ss " dtwalk(Dt_t* dt, int (*userf)(Dt_t*, Void_t*, Void_t*), Void_t* data)" +This function calls \f5(*userf)(walk,obj,data)\fP on each object in \f5dt\fP and +other dictionaries viewable from it. +\f5walk\fP is the dictionary containing \f5obj\fP. +If \f5userf()\fP returns a \f5<0\fP value, +\f5dtwalk()\fP terminates and returns the same value. +\f5dtwalk()\fP returns \f50\fP on completion. +.PP +.Ss " Dtlink_t* dtflatten(Dt_t* dt)" +.Ss " Dtlink_t* dtlink(Dt_t* dt, Dtlink_t* link)" +.Ss " Void_t* dtobj(Dt_t* dt, Dtlink_t* link)" +Using \f5dtfirst()/dtnext()\fP or \f5dtlast()/dtprev()\fP +to walk a single dictionary can incur significant cost due to function calls. +For efficient walking of a single directory (i.e., no viewpathing), +\f5dtflatten()\fP and \f5dtlink()\fP can be used. +Objects in \f5dt\fP are made into a linked list and walked as follows: +.Cs + for(link = dtflatten(dt); link; link = dtlink(dt,link) ) +.Ce +.PP +Note that \f5dtflatten()\fP returns a list of type \f5Dtlink_t*\fP, +not \f5Void_t*\fP. That is, it returns a dictionary holder pointer, +not a user object pointer +(although both are the same if the discipline field \f5link\fP is non-negative.) +The macro function \f5dtlink()\fP +returns the dictionary holder object following \f5link\fP. +The macro function \f5dtobj(dt,link)\fP +returns the user object associated with \f5link\fP, +Beware that the flattened object list is unflattened on any +dictionary operations other than \f5dtlink()\fP. +.PP +.Ss " Dtlink_t* dtextract(Dt_t* dt)" +.Ss " int dtrestore(Dt_t* dt, Dtlink_t* link)" +\f5dtextract()\fP extracts all objects from \f5dt\fP and makes it appear empty. +\f5dtrestore()\fP repopulates \f5dt\fP with +objects previously obtained via \f5dtextract()\fP. +\f5dtrestore()\fP will fail if \f5dt\fP is not empty. +These functions can be used +to share a same \f5dt\fP handle among many sets of objects. +They are useful to reduce dictionary overhead +in an application that creates concurrently many dictionaries. +It is important that the same discipline and method are in use at both +extraction and restoration. Otherwise, undefined behaviors may result. +.PP +.Ss "DICTIONARY INFORMATION" +.PP +.Ss " Dt_t* dtvnext(Dt_t* dt)" +This returns the dictionary that \f5dt\fP is viewing, if any. +.Ss " int dtvcount(Dt_t* dt)" +This returns the number of dictionaries that view \f5dt\fP. +.Ss " Dt_t* dtvhere(Dt_t* dt)" +This returns the dictionary \f5v\fP viewable from \f5dt\fP +where an object was found from the most recent search or walk operation. +.Ss " int dtsize(Dt_t* dt)" +This function returns the number of objects stored in \f5dt\fP. +.PP +.Ss " int dtstat(Dt_t *dt, Dtstat_t* st, int all)" +This function reports dictionary statistics. +If \f5all\fP is non-zero, all fields of \f5st\fP are filled. +Otherwise, only the \f5dt_type\fP and \f5dt_size\fP fields are filled. +It returns \f50\fP on success and \f5-1\fP on error. +.PP +\f5Dtstat_t\fP contains the below fields: +.Tp +\f5int dt_type\fP: +This is one of \f5DT_SET\fP, \f5DT_BAG\fP, \f5DT_OSET\fP, \f5DT_OBAG\fP, +\f5DT_LIST\fP, \f5DT_STACK\fP, and \f5DT_QUEUE\fP. +.Tp +\f5int dt_size\fP: +This contains the number of objects in the dictionary. +.Tp +\f5int dt_n\fP: +For \f5Dtset\fP and \f5Dtbag\fP, +this is the number of non-empty chains in the hash table. +For \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP, +this is the deepest level in the tree (counting from zero.) +Each level in the tree contains all nodes of equal distance from the root node. +\f5dt_n\fP and the below two fields are undefined for other methods. +.Tp +\f5int dt_max\fP: +For \f5Dtbag\fP and \f5Dtset\fP, this is the size of a largest chain. +For \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP, this is the size of a largest level. +.Tp +\f5int* dt_count\fP: +For \f5Dtset\fP and \f5Dtbag\fP, +this is the list of counts for chains of particular sizes. +For example, \f5dt_count[1]\fP is the number of chains of size \f51\fP. +For \f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP, this is the list of sizes of the levels. +For example, \f5dt_count[1]\fP is the size of level \f51\fP. +.PP +.Ss "HASH FUNCTIONS" +.PP +.Ss " unsigned int dtcharhash(unsigned int h, char c)" +.Ss " unsigned int dtstrhash(unsigned int h, char* str, int n)" +These functions compute hash values from bytes or strings. +\f5dtcharhash()\fP computes a new hash value from byte \f5c\fP and seed value \f5h\fP. +\f5dtstrhash()\fP computes a new hash value from string \f5str\fP and seed value \f5h\fP. +If \f5n\fP is positive, \f5str\fP is a byte array of length \f5n\fP; +otherwise, \f5str\fP is a null-terminated string. +.PP +.SH IMPLEMENTATION NOTES +\f5Dtset\fP and \f5Dtbag\fP are based on hash tables with +move-to-front collision chains. +\f5Dtoset\fP and \f5Dtobag\fP are based on top-down splay trees. +\f5Dtlist\fP, \f5Dtstack\fP and \f5Dtqueue\fP are based on doubly linked list. +.PP +.SH AUTHOR +Kiem-Phong Vo, kpv@research.att.com