tomwalters@0: .TH GENWAV 1 "11 May 1995" tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .SH NAME tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: genwav \- display the wave in filename. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .SH SYNOPSIS tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: genwav [ option=value | -option ] [ filename ] tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .SH DESCRIPTION tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: Genwav sets up and Xwindow and displays a segment of the input wave tomwalters@0: in the window. The size of the window and the size of the wave are tomwalters@0: determined by options, as are a number of other input/output tomwalters@0: functions. These options have no direct bearing on the auditory tomwalters@0: processing performed by AIM. For convenience, these Non-Auditory tomwalters@0: options are associated with the instruction genwav (the one tomwalters@0: non-auditory instruction), and they are listed at the top of the tomwalters@0: options tables prior to the auditory options. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: There are three classes of Non-Auditory options: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: I) DISPLAY OPTIONS that determine the format of the auditory representations tomwalters@0: of sound on the screen, or on paper when printed. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: II) OUTPUT OPTIONS that determine the format and content of files used tomwalters@0: to store the auditory representations of sounds. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: III) INPUT OPTIONS that determine how the wave in the input file should tomwalters@0: be interpreted. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The output options are presented before the input options so that the tomwalters@0: input options will be adjacent to the filterbank options in the tomwalters@0: options tables produced by genbmm and subsequent instructions. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .SS tomwalters@0: I. DISPLAY OPTIONS tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: The AIM modules produce output in the form of a set of functions, one tomwalters@0: for each channel of the auditory filterbank. For example, the output tomwalters@0: of genbmm is a set of functions that simulate basilar membrane motion tomwalters@0: produced in response to the input wave. By default, the AIM software tomwalters@0: puts an Xwindow up on the computer screen and displays the output in tomwalters@0: the window. This section describes the options that control these tomwalters@0: displays. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The display options are: title, display, x0-win, y0-win, width_win, tomwalters@0: height_win, display, view, top, bottom, overlap, headroom, tomwalters@0: magnification, pensize, hiddenline. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: A. The Display Window Title, Position, and Size tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: title Title of output display. tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Character string. Default: input file name. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The title of the output being displayed. If no title is given, the tomwalters@0: display bears the name of the file of the input wave. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: display Display output on screen tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default: on. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: Normally this switch is on and a bitmap of the output is displayed in tomwalters@0: a graphical window on the computer screen. The switch is provided tomwalters@0: because the time taken to create the displays is considerable, and it tomwalters@0: is useful to turn it dsiplay off using AIM as a preprocessor for tomwalters@0: speech recognition. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: x0_win Left edge of window tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Unit: pixels. Default: centre. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The left edge of the window into which the display will be drawn, tomwalters@0: relative to the left edge of the screen (i.e. the x-coordinate of the tomwalters@0: window within the screen). A value of centre will cause centring in tomwalters@0: the horizontal dimension (provided the window manager does not tomwalters@0: override). tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: y0-win Lower edge of window tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Unit: pixels. Default: centre. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The lower edge of the window into which the display will be drawn, tomwalters@0: relative to the lower edge of the screen (i.e. the y-coordinate of the tomwalters@0: window within the screen). A value of centre will cause centring in tomwalters@0: the vertical dimension (provided the window manager does not tomwalters@0: override). tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Taken as a pair x0_win and y0-win determine the origin of the window, tomwalters@0: relative to the screen origin which is assumed to be the lower left tomwalters@0: corner of the screen. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: width_win Window width tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Unit: pixels. Default: 640. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The width of the window into which the display will be drawn. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: height_win Window height tomwalters@0: .RS 6 tomwalters@0: Unit: pixels. Default: 480. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The height of the window into which the display will be drawn. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: B. Display Controls tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: top The largest postive value visible in the display tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Scalar. Default value: 1024 (for genwav) tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Each of the functions in the multi-channel output of a module is tomwalters@0: displayed in a transparent window. Provided the channel density is not tomwalters@0: too low, the functions are related and the set of functions produces a tomwalters@0: display that looks like a complex landscape. Top determines the tomwalters@0: largest positive value that will appear in the transparent windows of tomwalters@0: the individual functions, so top must be as large as the largest value tomwalters@0: in the full set of functions. Increasing top has the effect of moving tomwalters@0: the viewer farther up above the landscape. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: bottom The largest negative value visible in the tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: display tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Scalar. Default value: -1024 (for genwav) tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Bottom determines the largest negative value that will appear in the tomwalters@0: transparent windows of the individual functions, so bottom must be as tomwalters@0: large in the negative direction as the largest negative value in the tomwalters@0: full set of functions. Increasing bottom in the negative direction has tomwalters@0: the effect of depeening the valleys in the landscape. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: overlap The overlap of transparent windows of the tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: individual functions tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Scalar: percentage. Default value: 50% tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The fact that the output functions are related means that they tomwalters@0: fit up under each other in the display in a way that concentrates the tomwalters@0: lines on the landscape and improves the display. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: headroom Display with headroom for the uppermost channel tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Scalar: percentage. Default value: 0% tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Because of the overlap of the transparent windows, part of the tomwalters@0: uppermost transparent window is hidden by the upper edge of the tomwalters@0: display window. This can cause truncation of the waves in the upper tomwalters@0: channels. To avoid truncation, headroom enables the user to specify tomwalters@0: that the highest channel ought to be centred below the upper edge of tomwalters@0: the window. The value specified is taken to be the percentage of the tomwalters@0: window between the zero line of the upper channel and the upper edge tomwalters@0: of the window. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: magnification Display magnification tomwalters@0: .RS 9 tomwalters@0: Scalar. Default: 1.0. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The degree to which the amplitude of the functions in the display tomwalters@0: should be magnified before being displayed. This parameter is merely tomwalters@0: for adjusting the visual contrast of the display. The magnification tomwalters@0: option is a multiplier, so a value of 1 implies drawing to scale, tomwalters@0: while a value of 10 implies ten times (10x) the size of values in the tomwalters@0: module output and 0.1 implies one tenth of the output size. tomwalters@0: Magnification is related to, but separate from, the gain options which tomwalters@0: affect the values of the output functions and the values stored in any tomwalters@0: output files. Magnification is an alternative means of controlling the tomwalters@0: size of the functions in the display -- alternative to top and bottom. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: pensize The size of the lines in the displays and the tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: dots on the spiral tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Unit: pixels. Default: 1. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This option allows the user to specify the thickness of the lines in tomwalters@0: the display and the size of the dots on spiral auditory images. It tomwalters@0: also affects the lines and dots in postscript plots. It is provided tomwalters@0: primarily for use with printers which have much more resolution than tomwalters@0: computer screens. On laser printers a value of 3-5 gives reasonable tomwalters@0: line thickness. On the screen, a linewidth greater than 1 produces tomwalters@0: slow drawing, and a gagged, blurred display. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: hiddenline Draw with overlapping parts of functions tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: hidden tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 5 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default: on. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This switch specifies whether or not a 'hidden line' algorithm should tomwalters@0: be used when drawing the display. It also affects printed displays. tomwalters@0: In almost all cases, hiddenline results in more attractive displays of tomwalters@0: waveforms, and it often makes complex displays easier to understand, tomwalters@0: so the default is 'on'. Note: hiddenline almost doubles the drawing tomwalters@0: time so it is sometimes useful to switch it off on slower machines. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .SS tomwalters@0: II. OUTPUT OPTIONS tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The output options are listed and described before the input options tomwalters@0: so that the input options will be adjacent to the filterbank options tomwalters@0: in the listings produced by genbmm and subsequent modules. The output tomwalters@0: options are downchannel, erase_ctn, animate_ctn, bitmap_ctn, tomwalters@0: postscript, output, and header. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: downchannel Average adjacent channels of multichannel tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: representations tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Units: Number of averagings. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Default value: 0. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: There is interaction between channels in the transmission-line tomwalters@0: filterbank of the physiological version of AIM, and in the neural tomwalters@0: encoding of the functional version of AIM. The minimum channel tomwalters@0: density for these processes to operate properly is four channels per tomwalters@0: ERB and 2 channels per ERB, respectively. For broadband signals like tomwalters@0: speech this means that the minimum number of channels is on the order tomwalters@0: of 128 and 64, respectively. This channel density can produce tomwalters@0: cluttered displays, and more importantly, it is far too many channels tomwalters@0: for current speech recognition systems which typically use 12-24 tomwalters@0: channels. This is not just a computer power problem; the recognition tomwalters@0: systems actually perform less well with extra channels. Accordingly, tomwalters@0: the option 'downchannel' provides the option of reducing the channel tomwalters@0: density at output, so that AIM can operate with the appropriate tomwalters@0: channel density and still provide output that is compatible with tomwalters@0: displays and speech recognition systems. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Downchannel averages pairs of adjacent channels and the option value tomwalters@0: specifies how many times it should execute the averaging process. Each tomwalters@0: averaging reduces the number of channels by a factor of 2, so for tomwalters@0: proper transmission-line filtering and an output file with 16 tomwalters@0: channels, set channels_afb=128 and downchannel=3 (three successive tomwalters@0: halvings of the number of channels). tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: A. Animated Cartoons tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: Four of the AIM instructions produce output in the form of sequences tomwalters@0: of spectral frames (gensgm, gencgm, genasa and genepn). Bitmap tomwalters@0: versions of the displays of the frames can be stored by AIM and tomwalters@0: replayed by review and xreview. When the sequence of frames is played tomwalters@0: rapidly, it appears as an animated cartoon that shows the dynamic tomwalters@0: behaviour of the spectrum of the sound. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Similarly, the AIM instructions for auditory images (gensai and tomwalters@0: genspl) produce sequences of landscape frames, and bitmap versions of tomwalters@0: the landscape displays can also be stored by AIM and replayed by tomwalters@0: review and xreview. Indeed, it was the desire to produce auditory tomwalters@0: image cartoons that led to the development of much of the AIM software tomwalters@0: package. The animated cartoons or auditory images show the dynamic tomwalters@0: behaviour of features in the images, like the motion of formants in tomwalters@0: diphthongs and the motion of notes in a melody. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This section describes the options that control the construction and tomwalters@0: storage of sequences of bitmaps; there is a separate manual entries for tomwalters@0: the xreview routine that replays the bitmaps ( 'manaim xreview'). tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: erase_ctn Erase the current frame before presenting tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: the next frame tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default value: on. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: Normally, when presenting a sequence of frames as an animated cartoon, tomwalters@0: one wants to erase the current frame before presenting the next. When tomwalters@0: the frames are spectra, however, the set of frames can together form a tomwalters@0: meaningful display; for example, the set of rising spectra produced at tomwalters@0: the onset of a sound produces a contour map of the onset. The option tomwalters@0: erase_ctn enables the user to observe the full set of spectra tomwalters@0: simultaneously. (See aimdemo_gtf_spectra or aimdemo_tlf_spectra ). tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: animate_ctn Store frames in memory and replay all of tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: them as a cartoon tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default value: off. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: When this option is on, AIM stores the bitmaps of the frames it tomwalters@0: produces in the memory of the machine and replays them rapidly when tomwalters@0: the instruction is complete. Type RETURN to animate the cartoon again; tomwalters@0: type 'q RETURN' to exit the instruction. (This option was important tomwalters@0: when machines were slower and before the availability of review and tomwalters@0: xreview. It is now largely obsolete.) tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: bitmap_ctn Store bitmaps of frames in a file for tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: replay as a cartoon tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default value: off. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: When this option is on, bitmaps of the frames produced for the input tomwalters@0: in file_name will be stored in file_name.ctn. The sequence of frames can later be replayed using either tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: > review file_name or tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: > xreview file_name tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Both of these programs enable the user to vary the rate of animation, tomwalters@0: the section of the sequence to be view, etc. The xreview version has a tomwalters@0: window interface with useful information and is the preferred version tomwalters@0: in most cases. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: B. Output Files for Printing and Postprocessing tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Postscript Produce printer-ready output tomwalters@0: .RS 7 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default value: off. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This switch causes AIM to produce a printer-ready version of the tomwalters@0: displays it presents on the computer screen. For example, the NAP of tomwalters@0: a 32-ms section of cegc can be printed using tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: > gennap length=32 postscript=on cegc | lpr -Plw tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: where 'lpr' is the Unix printer-driver and the 'lw' of -Plw specifies tomwalters@0: the destination printer. You may need to check the name of your tomwalters@0: system's printer driver and laser printer. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Alternately the postscript version of the display may be directed to a tomwalters@0: file using an instruction like tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: > gennap length=32 postscript=on cegc > cegc_nap.ps tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: and printed later at the users convenience. In this example, the file tomwalters@0: name cegc_nap.ps is not generated by AIM; the '_nap.ps' suffix is tomwalters@0: added by the user following standard conventions to indicate that the file tomwalters@0: contains a NAP in postscript form. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: THREE POSTSCRIPT CAUTIONS: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Postscript files of landscape displays from AIM are very large. As a tomwalters@0: result, we recommend tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: a) that you NOT switch postscript on without redirecting the output to tomwalters@0: a file, as it will cause the output to be display on the screen in a tomwalters@0: seemingly endless display, tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: b) that you be careful NOT to print postscript files on a printer tomwalters@0: which does not understand the Postscript language, as it can cause the tomwalters@0: printer to put out an extremely long file, one column per page! tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: c) that you NOT set postscript=on in an options file as it will tomwalters@0: generate large files in the directory without your noticing. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: output Generate an output file tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default value: off. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This switch causes the array of functions that defines AIM's tomwalters@0: simulation of basilar membrane motion, or a neural activity pattern, tomwalters@0: or an auditory image, to be stored in a file for subsequent processing tomwalters@0: by the aimtools or other, user defined, operators. By convention, the tomwalters@0: file is given the same name as the input file, but with a suffix tomwalters@0: reflecting the entry point, to distinguish it from the input file on tomwalters@0: the one hand and from other output files on the other hand. The naming tomwalters@0: system enables the user to construct and store a set of output files tomwalters@0: for one input file without the need to specify a sequence of file tomwalters@0: names. The suffixes are those used to identify the modules in the tomwalters@0: listing produced by 'gen -help'. So, for example, the following tomwalters@0: command line: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: > gennap output=on length=32 cegc tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: will produce an output file named cegc.nap containing a multiplexed tomwalters@0: version of the functions that define the NAP of the first 32 ms of tomwalters@0: cegc. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The spectrographic representations produced by gensgm and gencgm can tomwalters@0: be stored in the same way, as can the sequences of spectra produced by tomwalters@0: genasa and genepn. It is the output files of genasa and gencgm that tomwalters@0: are used to interface AIM with speech recognition systems (Robinson et tomwalters@0: al., 1990; Patterson et al., 1995; Giguere and Woodland, 1994a). tomwalters@0: Details of the file formats are presented in docs/aimFileFormat. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Header Put a header on the output file tomwalters@0: .RS 3 tomwalters@0: Flag. Default value: on. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: By default, a header is prepended to each output file so that tomwalters@0: subsequent processors have access to the history of the file. Details tomwalters@0: of the header structure are presented in docs/aimFileFormat. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .SS tomwalters@0: III. INPUT OPTIONS tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The input options enable the user to process a subsection of the input tomwalters@0: wave, and to specify characterisitcs of the wave. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The input options are: input_wave, start_wave, length_wave, tomwalters@0: samplerate, swap_wave, bits_wave, dB_wave. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: input_wave Default input wave name tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Filename. Default value: none. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The name of the wave file to process. This option permits simple tomwalters@0: repetitive processing of the same input file without repetitive typing. It tomwalters@0: also enables one to circumvent the Unix convention of having the filename tomwalters@0: last on the command line. This option is overridden if the user supplies a tomwalters@0: wave file name at the end of the command line. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: start_wave Start point in wave tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Default unit: ms. Default value: 0. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The point in the input wave at which processing should begin. The tomwalters@0: start_wave option is expressed in milliseconds and its default value is the tomwalters@0: beginning of the file (i.e. 0 ms into the file). tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: length_wave Length of wave tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Default unit: ms. Default value: remainder. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The number of milliseconds of the wave that ought to be processed, tomwalters@0: beyond the start point. The special value 'remainder' indicates that tomwalters@0: the entire length of the wave from the start point to the end of the tomwalters@0: file should be processed. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: samplerate Input wave sample rate tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Default unit: Hertz. Default value: 20,000 Hz. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The rate at which the input wave was sampled. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: swap_wave Swap the bytes in each binary pair of the tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: input file tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Switch. Default: off. tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The order of the bytes in short integers varies between manufacturers. tomwalters@0: Specifically the order for Sun and HP is opposite that for DEC SGI and tomwalters@0: IBM. The default setting (off) is for the latter byte order. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: bits_wave Bits in the input wave tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Unit: bits. Default: 12. (Only alternate: 16.) tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The number of significant bits in each (16-bit) word of the input tomwalters@0: wave. Note that gain_gtf or gaim_tlf should be changed to 0.0625 when tomwalters@0: the number of bits is set to 16 to avoid overflow. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: dB_wave Scaling of the input wave tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: (for physiological route only) tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .RS 13 tomwalters@0: Units: dB. Default: 60 dB tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: This option enables the user to specify the relative level of tomwalters@0: the input wave in decibels. It is particularly useful for tomwalters@0: investigating the level-dependent properties of the tomwalters@0: physiological version of AIM. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The functional route is level-independent and dB_wave is tomwalters@0: ignored no matter what its value. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: dB_wave can also be used to scale the input wave in absolute tomwalters@0: units, i.e sound-pressure level (dB SPL), using the following tomwalters@0: equation: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: dB_wave = dBSPL - 20log(RMS/200) tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: where RMS is the root-mean-square amplitude of the input wave, tomwalters@0: or the portion of the wave or interest, and dBSPL is the tomwalters@0: desired sound-pressure level scaling (in dB). For tomwalters@0: example, to scale to 60 dB SPL a wave with an RMS amplitude tomwalters@0: of 467.3, dB_wave should be set to 52.6. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Note: The RMS value of a stored input wave can be calculated using tomwalters@0: the tools provided with the AIM software. tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .RE tomwalters@0: tomwalters@0: .SH FILES tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .genwavrc The options file for genwav. tomwalters@0: .SH SEE ALSO tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: genbmm tomwalters@0: .SH BUGS tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .SH COPYRIGHT tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Copyright (c) Applied Psychology Unit, Medical Research Council, 1995 tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software without fee tomwalters@0: is hereby granted for research purposes, provided that this copyright tomwalters@0: notice appears in all copies and in all supporting documentation, and that tomwalters@0: the software is not redistributed for any fee (except for a nominal tomwalters@0: shipping charge). Anyone wanting to incorporate all or part of this tomwalters@0: software in a commercial product must obtain a license from the Medical tomwalters@0: Research Council. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The MRC makes no representations about the suitability of this tomwalters@0: software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or tomwalters@0: implied warranty. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: THE MRC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING tomwalters@0: ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL tomwalters@0: THE A.P.U. BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES tomwalters@0: OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, tomwalters@0: WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, tomwalters@0: ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS tomwalters@0: SOFTWARE. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The AIM software was developed for Unix workstations by John tomwalters@0: Holdsworth and Mike Allerhand of the MRC APU, under the direction of tomwalters@0: Roy Patterson. The physiological version of AIM was developed by tomwalters@0: Christian Giguere. The options handler is by Paul Manson. The revised tomwalters@0: SAI module is by Jay Datta. Michael Akeroyd extended the postscript tomwalters@0: facilites and developed the xreview routine for auditory image tomwalters@0: cartoons. tomwalters@0: .LP tomwalters@0: The project was supported by the MRC and grants from the U.K. Defense tomwalters@0: Research Agency, Farnborough (Research Contract 2239); the EEC Esprit tomwalters@0: BR Porgramme, Project ACTS (3207); and the U.K. Hearing Research Trust. tomwalters@0: