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Initial checkin for AIM92 aimR8.2 (last updated May 1997).

Appendix C       Output File Formats

This Appendix describes the format of output from the ASP modules, for
users who wish to process this output with another program of their own.
For example, gensai produces a stabilised auditory image which is suitable
as input to a speech recognition system.  In most cases the output file
will probably require an additional processing step before it may be used
by another program.

Each ASP module produces an output file in response to the -output option.
These output files consist of a header (containing information concerning
the makeup and history of the file) followed by a series of 16-bit data
items which represent the actual data contained in the file.

There are two obvious ways in which such a data file may be used as input
to a user's own program; firstly, the user's program may be adapted to read
and interpret the header of ASP output files before actually processing the
data in them, and secondly, the header may be removed and the relevant
information entered into the user's program manually before it proceeds to
process the data section of the ASP output file.  The former of these
techniques is preferable in many ways, providing consistency and insulating
the user from the details of ASP headers, although it may require some
effort to alter the user's program to correctly process these headers.  The
second method may be preferable if the user is merely interested in testing
the ASP software's suitability as a preprocessor for their program, or if
the program in question cannot be altered (either because it was purchased
from someone else, or because it would be too complicated to change it).

The second method merely requires a reliable way to separate an ASP output
file into header and data sections, and the user must then 'translate' the
information in the header into the terms understood by the parameters of
his/her program.  To this end, the ASP package includes two programs called
head and tail which take an ASP output file as their argument and produce
another file containing its header and data sections, respectively.  The
header is adapted to resemble very closely an ASP module's options file,
and ought to be easily understood by anyone familiar with the ASP modules
and the way in which they are used.  As far as translation concepts from
ASP to another program is concerned, we can only volunteer this
documentation as a guide to the interpretation of each ASP option.

The former of the two methods requires rather more detailed understanding
of the output file structure, and this discussion will be divided into two
parts, one on the header and the other on the data itself.

Head and Tail

For users who wish to remove the header part of an ASP output file, the
software includes two programs called head and tail which take an ASP
output file as their argument and produce another file containing its
header and data sections, respectively.  The header is adapted to resemble
very closely an ASP module's options file, and ought to be easily
understood by anyone familiar with the ASP modules and the way in which
they are used.  As far as translation of concepts from ASP to another
program is concerned we can only volunteer this documentation as a guide to
the interpretation of each ASP option.

Whichever method the user chooses in combining ASP output files with their
own programs, some information regarding the types and format of
information in ASP output modules will be needed.  Discussion of the
structure of the output files will be divided into two sections, one on the
header and the other on the data itself.

The header

Each ASP module's output file contains a header which provides information
about the origin and history of the data in the file.  This information is
used by subsequent modules in the ASP hierarchy, as described in Appendix
B.  The header is a sequence of ASCII characters (and is thus readable, so
even using more on the output file would produce sensible text for the
duration of the header).  This sequence is divided into three parts.

1	An identifying line.

2	A series of option setting lines.

3	NULL (ASCII 0) character.

The identifying line is a means of determining, from the first few
characters in a file, whether that file is in fact an ASP output file.  It
also is used for determining the length of the header as a whole; thus,
each output file begins with a string such as:

header_bytes=0000709

where header_bytes is the identifying string (which actually descended from
the 'pipes' signal processing language) and the header is 709 bytes long.
The length of the header includes the identifying line and the final NULL
character.

Each option setting line is of the form:

<option name>=<option value>

and these lines taken together will closely resemble a normal ASP options
file, although there may be some options which are not familiar to even an
experienced ASP user.  These options are 'hidden' ones which are passed
between ASP modules, but which are of no interest to users of the software.
 They may, however, be of interest to programmers who wish to take ASP
output as input to their own programs, so a complete list of these hidden
options is given at the end of this Appendix.

The data

The structure of the actual data section of an ASP output file will be
dependent on the ASP module which produced it.  Since we are then committed
to describing each of the output structures in detail, we will begin with
the data structure that ASP modules expect in input waveforms.

Input waveform structure

For convenience, the ASP software assumes that input waveforms do not have
headers of any form.  The only information about the structure of an input
waveform that is required relates to the samplerate at which the waveform
was generated or collected, and the number of significant bits that are in
the data.  These two attributes are taken as options which must be entered
by the user, but they could just as easily be viewed as the contents of a
suitable header for a waveform.  The actual data section of a waveform
consists of a single stream of (16-bit, or 'short') integers whose length
determines the actual length, in points, of the waveform.  To view the
waveform only the user can use genwav.

Basilar membrane motion output structure

The genbmm module takes a waveform of the structure defined above and
produces the basilar membrane motion corresponding to this input waveform
by using a gammatone filter bank.  The output data is expressed as the
multiplexed output of a series of channels, one per channel in the filter
bank.  Thus the first n data points (where n is the number of channels) in
the output correspond to the first output data point for each of the n
channels, beginning with the highest frequency channel and ending with
lowest.  The second batch of n data points in the output file correspond to
the second data point for each of the n channels in turn, and so on.  There
will be m of these n-data item segments, where m is the length of the input
file in data points, and the length of a sgm output file will thus be the m
x n, which may obviously be quite large.

Prepended to this data is a header which contains information related to
the way in which the data was produced.  Some of this information was
supplied by the user of the genbmm program (eg samplerate, length_wave,
mincf_afb, etc) and some was derived from other sources (eg channels and
pointsperchannel, which were computed by genbmm from the mincf_afb,
maxcf_afb, dencf_afb, and length_wave options).

Cochleogram output structure

The output of gencgm is of identical structure to that of genbmm, although
of course the header will contain extra information related to how the
cochleogram was generated.

Stablised auditory image output structure

The output of gensai is a series of 'frames', one per graphical image that
is displayed by gensai and revsai.  Each of these frames has the structure
of an entire data section of a genbmm or gencgm output file.  Thus the .sai
data is structured as a series of multiplexed waveforms.  The size of a
.sai file will be m x n x f, where f is the number of frames generated by
gensai, and is thus likely to be huge.  Again, the header will have
additional information related to the generation of the stabilised auditory
image.