diff man/man1/genwav.1 @ 0:5242703e91d3 tip

Initial checkin for AIM92 aimR8.2 (last updated May 1997).

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/man/man1/genwav.1	Fri May 20 15:19:45 2011 +0100
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+.TH GENWAV 1 "11 May 1995"
+.LP
+.SH NAME
+.LP
+genwav \- display the wave in filename.
+.LP
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+genwav [ option=value | -option ] [ filename ]
+.LP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP 
+
+Genwav sets up and Xwindow and displays a segment of the input wave
+in the window. The size of the window and the size of the wave are
+determined by options, as are a number of other input/output
+functions. These options have no direct bearing on the auditory
+processing performed by AIM. For convenience, these Non-Auditory
+options are associated with the instruction genwav (the one
+non-auditory instruction), and they are listed at the top of the
+options tables prior to the auditory options.
+
+.LP
+There are three classes of Non-Auditory options: 
+.LP
+I)   DISPLAY OPTIONS that determine the format of the auditory representations 
+of sound on the screen, or on paper when printed.
+.LP  
+II)  OUTPUT OPTIONS that determine the format and content of files used
+to store the auditory representations of sounds.
+.LP 
+III) INPUT OPTIONS that determine how the wave in the input file should
+be interpreted.
+.LP
+The output options are presented before the input options so that the
+input options will be adjacent to the filterbank options in the
+options tables produced by genbmm and subsequent instructions.
+
+.SS 
+I. DISPLAY OPTIONS
+.LP
+
+The AIM modules produce output in the form of a set of functions, one
+for each channel of the auditory filterbank.  For example, the output
+of genbmm is a set of functions that simulate basilar membrane motion
+produced in response to the input wave.  By default, the AIM software
+puts an Xwindow up on the computer screen and displays the output in
+the window. This section describes the options that control these
+displays.
+
+.LP
+The display options are: title, display, x0-win, y0-win, width_win,
+height_win, display, view, top, bottom, overlap, headroom,
+magnification, pensize, hiddenline.
+.LP
+A. The Display Window Title, Position, and Size
+.RS 3
+
+.LP
+title	Title of output display.
+.RS 5
+	Character string. Default: input file name.
+.RE
+.LP
+The title of the output being displayed.  If no title is given, the
+display bears the name of the file of the input wave.
+
+.LP
+display	Display output on screen
+.RS 5
+	Switch.  Default: on.
+.RE
+.LP
+
+Normally this switch is on and a bitmap of the output is displayed in
+a graphical window on the computer screen.  The switch is provided
+because the time taken to create the displays is considerable, and it
+is useful to turn it dsiplay off using AIM as a preprocessor for
+speech recognition.
+
+.LP
+x0_win	Left edge of window
+.RS 5
+	Unit: pixels.  Default: centre.
+.RE
+.LP
+The left edge of the window into which the display will be drawn,
+relative to the left edge of the screen (i.e. the x-coordinate of the
+window within the screen).  A value of centre will cause centring in
+the horizontal dimension (provided the window manager does not
+override).
+.LP
+y0-win    Lower edge of window
+.RS 5
+	Unit: pixels.  Default: centre.
+.RE
+.LP
+The lower edge of the window into which the display will be drawn,
+relative to the lower edge of the screen (i.e. the y-coordinate of the
+window within the screen).  A value of centre will cause centring in
+the vertical dimension (provided the window manager does not
+override).
+.LP
+Taken as a pair x0_win and y0-win determine the origin of the window,
+relative to the screen origin which is assumed to be the lower left
+corner of the screen.
+.LP
+width_win Window width
+.RS 5
+	Unit: pixels.  Default: 640.
+.RE
+.LP
+The width of the window into which the display will be drawn.
+.LP
+height_win Window height
+.RS 6
+	Unit: pixels.  Default: 480.
+.RE
+.LP
+The height of the window into which the display will be drawn.
+.RE
+
+
+.LP
+B. Display Controls
+.RS 3
+.LP
+top	The largest postive value visible in the display
+.LP
+	Scalar. Default value: 1024 (for genwav) 
+.LP
+Each of the functions in the multi-channel output of a module is
+displayed in a transparent window. Provided the channel density is not
+too low, the functions are related and the set of functions produces a
+display that looks like a complex landscape. Top determines the
+largest positive value that will appear in the transparent windows of
+the individual functions, so top must be as large as the largest value
+in the full set of functions. Increasing top has the effect of moving
+the viewer farther up above the landscape.
+.LP
+bottom	The largest negative value visible in the
+.RS 5 
+	display 
+.RE
+.RS 5
+	Scalar. Default value: -1024 (for genwav) 
+.RE
+.LP
+Bottom determines the largest negative value that will appear in the
+transparent windows of the individual functions, so bottom must be as
+large in the negative direction as the largest negative value in the
+full set of functions. Increasing bottom in the negative direction has
+the effect of depeening the valleys in the landscape.
+.LP
+overlap   The overlap of transparent windows of the 
+.RS 5
+	individual functions
+.RE
+.RS 5
+	Scalar: percentage. Default value: 50%
+.RE
+.LP 
+The fact that the output functions are related means that they
+fit up under each other in the display in a way that concentrates the
+lines on the landscape and improves the display.
+.LP
+headroom  Display with headroom for the uppermost channel 
+.RS 5
+	Scalar: percentage. Default value: 0%
+.RE
+.LP
+Because of the overlap of the transparent windows, part of the
+uppermost transparent window is hidden by the upper edge of the
+display window. This can cause truncation of the waves in the upper
+channels.  To avoid truncation, headroom enables the user to specify
+that the highest channel ought to be centred below the upper edge of
+the window.  The value specified is taken to be the percentage of the
+window between the zero line of the upper channel and the upper edge
+of the window.
+.LP
+magnification Display magnification
+.RS 9
+	Scalar.  Default: 1.0.
+.RE
+.LP
+The degree to which the amplitude of the functions in the display
+should be magnified before being displayed.  This parameter is merely
+for adjusting the visual contrast of the display.  The magnification
+option is a multiplier, so a value of 1 implies drawing to scale,
+while a value of 10 implies ten times (10x) the size of values in the
+module output and 0.1 implies one tenth of the output size.
+Magnification is related to, but separate from, the gain options which
+affect the values of the output functions and the values stored in any
+output files. Magnification is an alternative means of controlling the
+size of the functions in the display -- alternative to top and bottom.
+.LP
+pensize	The size of the lines in the displays and the 
+.RS 5
+	dots on the spiral
+.RE
+.RS 5
+	Unit: pixels.  Default: 1. 
+.RE
+.LP
+This option allows the user to specify the thickness of the lines in
+the display and the size of the dots on spiral auditory images.  It
+also affects the lines and dots in postscript plots.  It is provided
+primarily for use with printers which have much more resolution than
+computer screens.  On laser printers a value of 3-5 gives reasonable
+line thickness.  On the screen, a linewidth greater than 1 produces
+slow drawing, and a gagged, blurred display.
+.LP
+hiddenline  Draw with overlapping parts of functions 
+.RS 5 
+	  hidden 
+.RE
+.RS 5
+	  Switch.  Default: on.
+.RE
+.LP
+This switch specifies whether or not a 'hidden line' algorithm should
+be used when drawing the display.  It also affects printed displays.
+In almost all cases, hiddenline results in more attractive displays of
+waveforms, and it often makes complex displays easier to understand,
+so the default is 'on'.  Note: hiddenline almost doubles the drawing
+time so it is sometimes useful to switch it off on slower machines.
+.LP
+
+.SS 
+II. OUTPUT OPTIONS
+.RS 3
+.LP
+The output options are listed and described before the input options
+so that the input options will be adjacent to the filterbank options
+in the listings produced by genbmm and subsequent modules.  The output
+options are downchannel, erase_ctn, animate_ctn, bitmap_ctn,
+postscript, output, and header.
+.LP
+downchannel Average adjacent channels of multichannel 
+.RS 7
+	representations 
+.RE
+.RS 7
+	Units: Number of averagings. 
+.RE
+.RS 7
+     Default value: 0.
+.RE
+.LP
+
+There is interaction between channels in the transmission-line
+filterbank of the physiological version of AIM, and in the neural
+encoding of the functional version of AIM.  The minimum channel
+density for these processes to operate properly is four channels per
+ERB and 2 channels per ERB, respectively.  For broadband signals like
+speech this means that the minimum number of channels is on the order
+of 128 and 64, respectively.  This channel density can produce
+cluttered displays, and more importantly, it is far too many channels
+for current speech recognition systems which typically use 12-24
+channels.  This is not just a computer power problem; the recognition
+systems actually perform less well with extra channels.  Accordingly,
+the option 'downchannel' provides the option of reducing the channel
+density at output, so that AIM can operate with the appropriate
+channel density and still provide output that is compatible with
+displays and speech recognition systems.
+
+.LP
+Downchannel averages pairs of adjacent channels and the option value
+specifies how many times it should execute the averaging process. Each
+averaging reduces the number of channels by a factor of 2, so for
+proper transmission-line filtering and an output file with 16
+channels, set channels_afb=128 and downchannel=3 (three successive
+halvings of the number of channels).
+
+
+.LP
+A. Animated Cartoons
+.LP
+.RS 3
+Four of the AIM instructions produce output in the form of sequences
+of spectral frames (gensgm, gencgm, genasa and genepn).  Bitmap
+versions of the displays of the frames can be stored by AIM and
+replayed by review and xreview.  When the sequence of frames is played
+rapidly, it appears as an animated cartoon that shows the dynamic
+behaviour of the spectrum of the sound.
+.LP
+Similarly, the AIM instructions for auditory images (gensai and
+genspl) produce sequences of landscape frames, and bitmap versions of
+the landscape displays can also be stored by AIM and replayed by
+review and xreview.  Indeed, it was the desire to produce auditory
+image cartoons that led to the development of much of the AIM software
+package. The animated cartoons or auditory images show the dynamic
+behaviour of features in the images, like the motion of formants in
+diphthongs and the motion of notes in a melody.
+.LP
+This section describes the options that control the construction and
+storage of sequences of bitmaps; there is a separate manual entries for
+the xreview routine that replays the bitmaps ( 'manaim xreview').
+
+
+.LP
+erase_ctn   Erase the current frame before presenting  
+.RS 7 
+	the next frame
+.RE
+.RS 7
+	Switch. Default value: on.
+.RE
+.LP
+
+Normally, when presenting a sequence of frames as an animated cartoon,
+one wants to erase the current frame before presenting the next. When
+the frames are spectra, however, the set of frames can together form a
+meaningful display; for example, the set of rising spectra produced at
+the onset of a sound produces a contour map of the onset. The option
+erase_ctn enables the user to observe the full set of spectra
+simultaneously. (See aimdemo_gtf_spectra or aimdemo_tlf_spectra ).
+
+.LP
+animate_ctn Store frames in memory and replay all of 
+.RS 7
+	them as a cartoon
+.RE
+.RS 7
+	Switch. Default value: off.
+.RE
+.LP
+When this option is on, AIM stores the bitmaps of the frames it
+produces in the memory of the machine and replays them rapidly when
+the instruction is complete. Type RETURN to animate the cartoon again;
+type 'q RETURN' to exit the instruction.  (This option was important
+when machines were slower and before the availability of review and
+xreview. It is now largely obsolete.)
+.LP
+bitmap_ctn  Store bitmaps of frames in a file for  
+.RS 7 
+	replay as a cartoon 
+.RE
+.RS 7
+	Switch. Default value: off.
+.RE
+.LP
+When this option is on, bitmaps of the frames produced for the input
+in file_name will be stored in file_name.ctn.  The sequence of frames can later be replayed using either 
+.LP
+> review file_name  or
+.LP
+> xreview file_name	
+.LP
+Both of these programs enable the user to vary the rate of animation,
+the section of the sequence to be view, etc. The xreview version has a
+window interface with useful information and is the preferred version
+in most cases.
+.RE
+
+.RS 3
+B. Output Files for Printing and Postprocessing
+
+.LP
+Postscript  Produce printer-ready output
+.RS 7
+	Switch.  Default value:  off.
+.RE
+.LP
+This switch causes AIM to produce a printer-ready version of the
+displays it presents on the computer screen.  For example, the NAP of
+a 32-ms section of cegc can be printed using
+.LP
+> gennap length=32 postscript=on cegc | lpr -Plw
+.LP
+where 'lpr' is the Unix printer-driver and the 'lw' of -Plw specifies
+the destination printer.  You may need to check the name of your
+system's printer driver and laser printer.
+.LP
+Alternately the postscript version of the display may be directed to a
+file using an instruction like
+.LP
+> gennap length=32 postscript=on cegc > cegc_nap.ps
+.LP
+and printed later at the users convenience. In this example, the file
+name cegc_nap.ps is not generated by AIM; the '_nap.ps' suffix is
+added by the user following standard conventions to indicate that the file
+contains a NAP in postscript form.
+
+.RS 3
+.LP
+THREE POSTSCRIPT CAUTIONS: 
+.LP
+Postscript files of landscape displays from AIM are very large. As a
+result, we recommend
+.LP
+a) that you NOT switch postscript on without redirecting the output to
+a file, as it will cause the output to be display on the screen in a
+seemingly endless display,
+.LP
+b) that you be careful NOT to print postscript files on a printer
+which does not understand the Postscript language, as it can cause the
+printer to put out an extremely long file, one column per page!
+.LP
+c) that you NOT set postscript=on in an options file as it will
+generate large files in the directory without your noticing.
+.RE
+
+.LP
+output  Generate an output file
+.RS 3
+	Switch.  Default value:  off.
+.RE
+.LP
+This switch causes the array of functions that defines AIM's
+simulation of basilar membrane motion, or a neural activity pattern,
+or an auditory image, to be stored in a file for subsequent processing
+by the aimtools or other, user defined, operators. By convention, the
+file is given the same name as the input file, but with a suffix
+reflecting the entry point, to distinguish it from the input file on
+the one hand and from other output files on the other hand. The naming
+system enables the user to construct and store a set of output files
+for one input file without the need to specify a sequence of file
+names.  The suffixes are those used to identify the modules in the
+listing produced by 'gen -help'.  So, for example, the following
+command line:
+.LP
+> gennap output=on length=32 cegc
+.LP
+will produce an output file named cegc.nap containing a multiplexed
+version of the functions that define the NAP of the first 32 ms of
+cegc.  
+.LP
+The spectrographic representations produced by gensgm and gencgm can
+be stored in the same way, as can the sequences of spectra produced by
+genasa and genepn. It is the output files of genasa and gencgm that
+are used to interface AIM with speech recognition systems (Robinson et
+al., 1990; Patterson et al., 1995; Giguere and Woodland, 1994a).
+Details of the file formats are presented in docs/aimFileFormat.
+.LP
+Header  Put a header on the output file
+.RS 3
+	Flag.  Default value:  on.
+.RE
+.LP
+By default, a header is prepended to each output file so that
+subsequent processors have access to the history of the file.  Details
+of the header structure are presented in docs/aimFileFormat.
+.LP
+.RE 
+
+.SS 
+III. INPUT OPTIONS
+.LP
+The input options enable the user to process a subsection of the input
+wave, and to specify characterisitcs of the wave.
+.LP
+The input options are: input_wave, start_wave, length_wave,
+samplerate, swap_wave, bits_wave, dB_wave.
+.LP
+input_wave   Default input wave name
+.RS 13
+Filename.  Default value: none.
+.RE
+.LP
+The name of the wave file to process.  This option permits simple
+repetitive processing of the same input file without repetitive typing.  It
+also enables one to circumvent the Unix convention of having the filename
+last on the command line.  This option is overridden if the user supplies a
+wave file name at the end of the command line.
+.LP
+start_wave   Start point in wave
+.RS 13
+Default unit: ms.  Default value: 0.
+.RE
+.LP
+The point in the input wave at which processing should begin.  The
+start_wave option is expressed in milliseconds and its default value is the
+beginning of the file (i.e. 0 ms into the file).
+.LP
+length_wave  Length of wave
+.RS 13
+Default unit: ms.  Default value: remainder.
+.RE
+.LP
+The number of milliseconds of the wave that ought to be processed,
+beyond the start point.  The special value 'remainder' indicates that
+the entire length of the wave from the start point to the end of the
+file should be processed.
+.LP
+samplerate   Input wave sample rate
+.RS 13
+Default unit:  Hertz.  Default value:  20,000 Hz.
+.RE
+.LP
+The rate at which the input wave was sampled.
+.LP
+swap_wave    Swap the bytes in each binary pair of the 
+.RS 13 
+input file
+.RE
+.RS 13
+Switch. Default: off.
+.RE
+.LP
+The order of the bytes in short integers varies between manufacturers.
+Specifically the order for Sun and HP is opposite that for DEC SGI and
+IBM.  The default setting (off) is for the latter byte order.
+.LP
+bits_wave    Bits in the input wave
+.RS 13
+Unit:  bits.  Default:  12. (Only alternate: 16.)
+.RE
+.LP
+The number of significant bits in each (16-bit) word of the input
+wave.  Note that gain_gtf or gaim_tlf should be changed to 0.0625 when
+the number of bits is set to 16 to avoid overflow.
+.LP
+dB_wave      Scaling of the input wave 
+.RS 13
+(for physiological route only)
+.RE
+.RS 13
+Units: dB. Default: 60 dB
+.RE
+.LP
+This option enables the user to specify the relative level of
+the input wave in decibels. It is particularly useful for 
+investigating the level-dependent properties of the 
+physiological version of AIM.
+.LP
+The functional route is level-independent and dB_wave is 
+ignored no matter what its value.
+.LP
+dB_wave can also be used to scale the input wave in absolute 
+units, i.e sound-pressure level (dB SPL), using the following 
+equation:
+.LP
+dB_wave = dBSPL - 20log(RMS/200)
+.LP
+where RMS is the root-mean-square amplitude of the input wave, 
+or the portion of the wave or interest, and  dBSPL is the 
+desired sound-pressure level scaling (in dB). For 
+example, to scale to 60 dB SPL a wave with an RMS amplitude
+of 467.3, dB_wave should be set to 52.6.
+.LP 
+Note: The RMS value of a stored input wave can be calculated using 
+the tools provided with the AIM software. 
+
+
+.LP
+.RE
+
+.SH FILES 
+.LP
+ .genwavrc  The options file for genwav.
+.SH SEE ALSO 
+.LP
+genbmm
+.SH BUGS 
+.LP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.LP
+Copyright (c) Applied Psychology Unit, Medical Research Council, 1995
+.LP
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software without fee 
+is hereby granted for research purposes, provided that this copyright 
+notice appears in all copies and in all supporting documentation, and that 
+the software is not redistributed for any fee (except for a nominal 
+shipping charge). Anyone wanting to incorporate all or part of this 
+software in a commercial product must obtain a license from the Medical 
+Research Council.
+.LP
+The MRC makes no representations about the suitability of this 
+software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or 
+implied warranty.
+.LP
+THE MRC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING 
+ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL 
+THE A.P.U. BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 
+OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, 
+WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, 
+ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS 
+SOFTWARE.
+.LP
+.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+.LP
+The AIM software was developed for Unix workstations by John
+Holdsworth and Mike Allerhand of the MRC APU, under the direction of
+Roy Patterson. The physiological version of AIM was developed by
+Christian Giguere. The options handler is by Paul Manson. The revised
+SAI module is by Jay Datta. Michael Akeroyd extended the postscript
+facilites and developed the xreview routine for auditory image
+cartoons.
+.LP
+The project was supported by the MRC and grants from the U.K. Defense
+Research Agency, Farnborough (Research Contract 2239); the EEC Esprit
+BR Porgramme, Project ACTS (3207); and the U.K. Hearing Research Trust.
+