comparison docs/aimInstructions @ 0:5242703e91d3 tip

Initial checkin for AIM92 aimR8.2 (last updated May 1997).

+INSTRUCTIONS AND OPTIONS FOR THE AUDITORY IMAGE MODEL.
+
+This is the introduction for those wanting to use AIM to process waves
+once the software package has been compiled, installed and tested. It
+is assumed that the user has read the introductory article by
+Patterson, Allerhand and Giguere (1995) and/or viewed the Overview of
+the Auditory Image Model described at the beginning of ReadMe_bin.
+
+Begin by typing  gen -help  at the prompt in an xterm window.
+
+> gen -help
+
+This prints general usage information on the standard output as follows:
+
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
+"AIM MRC-APU Release R6.28   [gen]    Tue Apr 18 17:35:15 1995"
+
+Usage: gen???  [options]  [file_name]
+
+   where ??? is one of the following abbreviations
+
+   wav     wave                                
+   bmm     basilar membrane motion             
+   nap     neural activity pattern             
+   sai     stabilized auditory image           
+   spl     spiral version of auditory image  
+   sgm     spectrogram                         
+   cgm     cochleogram  
+   asa     auditory spectral analysis          
+   epn     excitation pattern                  
+
+   [file_name] is a headerless wave file (2-byte binary integers).
+
+   [options] are the parameters, options and switches that control
+       the AIM instructions and the AIM tools.
+
+   Help with options:  gen???  [-help | -help=all | -help=option]
+   Path for options files (.gen???rc) = .:~ (or setenv OPTIONSPATH)
+
+
+Processes Applied by AIM and Routes Through the Model: 
+
+   Processes                           Auditory   Speech   Spectral
+                                        Route      Route    Route
+   --------------------------------    --------   ------   -------  
+   Display input wave                   genwav    genwav    genwav  
+   Auditory filtering (gtf/tlf)         genbmm                             
+   Compression and rectification                                    
+   Neural encoding (2D-AT/haircell)     gennap                      
+   Temporal integration (LP filter)               gensgm    genasa
+                                                  gencgm    genepn  
+   Strobed temporal integration         gensai                      
+   Spiral version of auditory image     genspl                      
+
+
+Output:   gen???  output=on  file_name
+                                 
+   Output is written to file:  file_name.???
+    
+   The format for 2-dimensional output is by columns, with the lowest 
+   channel first in each column (bmm, nap, sgm, cgm, asa, epn).
+   The format for auditory image output is by rows, for each image frame
+   in succession, with the row of the lowest channel first (sai, spl).
+
+
+The Auditory Image Model was developed at the Applied Psychology Unit
+of the Medical Research Council, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, U.K.
+
+Copyright(c) Applied Psychology Unit, Medical Research Council, 1988-1995.
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
+
+
+I. USAGE: INSTRUCTIONS, WAVE FILES, AND OPTIONS.
+
+Instructions: The auditory processing is performed by a single large
+program (gen) with multiple entry points, having names of the form
+gen???.  The entry-point names function as instructions, so the
+program is run by typing an entry point name on the command line,
+followed by options that control the details of the processing, and
+then the name of the file containing the waveform to be processed.
+The output will be displayed on the screen in a window created by AIM.
+For example, in the directory aim/bin, type:
+
+> genwav samplerate=22.05kHz start_wav=182ms length_wav=64 ../waves/hat
+
+This will display a section of the wave in the file 'hat' which is
+stored in the aim/waves directory. The wave was digitised at a
+sampling rate of 22.05 kHz, so the option 'samplerate' is set to
+22.05kHz. The options 'start_wav' and 'length_wav' determine the
+subset of the wave to be displayed.
+
+Each of the entry points into gen has a name which is an abbreviation
+of the functions provided to that point in the auditroy image model.
+For example, the first module applies spectral analysis to the input
+wave and the output of the analysis is available at entry point
+'genbmm' which stands for 'generate basilar membrane motion'. The
+entry points are listed in the usage section of the gen -help output
+and there is a manual entry for each, accessible via 'manaim
+gen???'. Together this set of manual pages constitute the primary
+documentation for AIM and they are the first place to look for help
+after this document.
+
+Wave Files: The input waves should be in the form of headerless binary
+files (2-byte integers). Use genwav to check that the bytes are in the
+right order. If they are not set option swap=on and AIM will reverse
+the bytes, temporarily, at before beginning the analysis. Alternately,
+use the aimtool 'swab' to switch the bytes in the file permanently.
+
+A. Options: 
+
+The precise behaviour of the program is determined by options.  There
+are AUDITORY OPTIONS which control the operation of the auditory
+processing modules in AIM, such as the number of channels in the
+auditory filterbank (channels_afb) or the decay rate of the auditory
+image (decay_ai).  These options are described in the manual pages for
+the individual instructions (gen???).  There are also NON-AUDITORY
+OPTIONS which a) specify the form of the input wave (e.g. samplerate
+and swap_wav), b) govern the position and characteristics of the
+output display and its contents, and c) specify the form and
+destination of the output.  These options are common to all entry
+points and so they appear at the head of the options list before the
+auditory options. For convenience, they are described in the manual
+entry for genwav, the starting point for any analysis.
+
+The relevant options at any entry point can be listed on the screen by
+typing the entry point name with the -help option.  For example,
+
+> genwav -help
+
+If the screen size is too small to display the entire list you can make the
+display pause between screens by typing:
+
+> genwav -help | more
+
+Alternately, you can print the listing using
+
+> genwav -help | lpr
+
+
+All of the options from title up to dB_wave are for display and flow
+control.  They determine how the program output appears on the screen,
+the source of the program input, and the destination of output. The
+options have default values chosen for 'normal' operation and display
+given the entry point. You can override the default values, either
+temporarily, by supplying a value on the command line when you run the
+program, or permanently by creating a file with your own option
+values. Both the default value and the current value for each option
+are listed by the help option.
+
+
+B. Options Values:
+
+Some of the options take numeric values (as in samplerate), others are
+file names (as in input_wave).  Others act as simple switches or flags
+(e.g. swap_wav); these options can be set/unset using on/off or 0/1.
+
+Numeric options can include appropriate units; so, for example, a
+frequency can be specified either as 20000Hz or as 20kHz. There are
+also default units for options. So, for example, Hz is the default
+unit for frequencies and ms is the defualt unit for times in
+milliseconds, and when these units apply, they need not be specified
+on the command line..
+
+The are also some special option values like 'remainder' which can be
+used to specify 'the rest of the wave' with option 'length_wave', and
+the special value 'centre' used with options x0_win and y0_win, to
+centre the display window on the screen. (This assumes that your
+window manager does not override placement of windows by
+applications.)
+
+
+C. Changing Option Values:
+
+You can alter the value of one or more of the options by specifying it
+and the required value on the command line between the entry point
+name and the name of the input file. For example:
+
+genwav width_win=440 ../waves/hat
+
+will produce a waveform display for the wave in file hat with a width of
+440 screen pixels.
+
+Switches and flags that just take the values on and off, or 0 and 1, can be
+switched on by specifying the option name, prefixed by a minus sign to
+distinguish them from a file name.  For example,
+
+> genwav -swap ../wave/hat_br
+
+  
+
+II. PROCESSES APPLIED BY AIM AND ROUTES THROUGH THE MODEL
+
+There are three routes through AIM depending on the purpose of the
+analysis and the form in which the output is to be displayed. The
+routes and the set of processes they apply are shown in the output of
+gen -help. 
+
+All of the routes through AIM begin with genwav which displays the
+contents of the file to be analysed as a magnitude versus time
+plot. It is recommended that all analyses should begin with genwav in
+order to a) confirm that the file does indeed contain the wave you
+wish to analyse, b) confirm that the file is headerless and that the
+bytes are in the right order, c) choose a subsection of the wave for
+analysis, and d) to check whether it is a 12-bit wave or a 16-bit
+wave. Headers usually appear as a brief bit of black, or noise with a
+large amplitude, at the left-hand edge of the plot. If the bytes are
+in the wrong order the entire wave usually looks like noise with a
+large amplitude.
+
+The AUDITORY ROUTE simulates basilar membrane motion (BMM), neural
+activity patterns (NAPs), and auditory images either in rectangular
+format (SAI) or in spiral format (SPL). Its purpose is to support
+time-domain modelling of peripheral auditory processing; that is, to
+simulate the phase-locked, time-interval patterns produced by the
+cochlea and the conversion of the time-interval patterns into auditory
+images by strobed temporal integration or autocorrelation (Patterson
+et al., 1992; Meddis and Hewitt, 1991).  For demonstrations of the
+functional and physiological versions of the auditory route through
+AIM try
+
+> aimdemo_gtf_all ../waves/cegc      and 
+> aimdemo_tlf_all ../waves/cegc
+
+[[[ Does the SAI work for the physiological route? Does it use acgram? ]]]
+
+
+The SPEECH ROUTE produces auditory spectrograms and cochleograms which
+can be stored and used as input for automatic speech recognition. They
+are 'auditory' spectrograms and cochleograms inasmuch as the centre
+frequencies of the channels in the filterbank are equally spaced on an
+ERB-scale, or Bark scale, rather than being linearly spaced as in
+traditional preprocessor (Robinson et al., 1990; Giguere and Woodland,
+1994; Patterson et al., 1994).  The are currently no aimdemo scripts
+for the speech routes through AIM.
+
+
+The SPECTRAL ROUTE produces representations of the distribution of
+activity across frequency in the auditory system, either at the output
+of the filterbank (genasa) or the output of the full cochlea
+simulation (genepn). These representations have been variously
+referred to as 'excitation patterns' (Zwicker, 1974; Moore and
+Glasberg, 1983), 'central auditory spectra' (Srulovicz and Goldstein,
+1983), or simply 'auditory spectra' (Patterson, 1994). In AIM, to
+distinguish the spectral representation at the output of the
+filterbank, from the representation provided at the output of the full
+cochlea simulation, the former is referred to as an 'auditory spectral
+analysis' (genasa) and the latter is referred to as an 'excitation
+pattern' (genepn).  For demonstrations of the functional and
+physiological versions of the spectral route through AIM, try
+
+> aimdemo_gtf_spectra ../waves/cegc      and
+> aimdemo_tlf_spectra ../waves/cegc
+
+
+
+III. INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE AUDITORY ROUTE THROUGH AIM
+
+The following is a list of the instructions that form the basis of
+aimdemo_gtf_all. They show the output at successive stages of the
+functional version of the auditory route through AIM.
+
+> genwav length=32ms ../waves/cegc
+> genstp length=32ms ../waves/cegc
+> genbmm length=32ms ../waves/cegc
+> gennap length=32ms ../waves/cegc
+> gensai start=200 length=300ms ../waves/cegc
+> genspl start=200 length=300ms pensize=2 ../waves/cegc
+
+
+genwav shows the time waveform,
+genstp shows the pressure wave in the middle ear bone
+       that drives the cochlea (the stapes).
+genbmm shows simulated basilar membrane motion,
+gennap shows a simulated neural activity pattern,
+gensai shows a simulated stabilized auditory image,
+genspl shows a spiral mapping of the auditory image.
+
+
+Each of the instructions should create an X window and present a wave,
+a landscape display, or a spiral display of cegc.  The stimulus files
+were created on a DECstation. On a SUN, swap the bytes on the command
+line. For example:
+
+> genwav swap=on length=32ms ../waves/cegc
+
+The wave in the file 'cegc' is a set of click trains for the notes of
+a major triad and the octave -- hence the name C-E-G-C. We use clicks
+trains as test and demonstration stimuli for several reasons: They
+activate all channels of the model and they do so with roughly equally
+energy. The clicks elicit impulse responses from the model which show
+the processing in its simplest broadband form. The simple temporal
+structure of the click train immediately reveals any temporal
+alignment problems in the software.
+
+For the first 300 ms, the inter-click interval in cegc is 8 ms; then
+for 300 ms, the inter-click interval decreases linearly to (4/5)*8
+ms. For convenience, we refer to the first note as 'C', and so,
+relative to this C, the glide takes the note up to 'E'.  The gliding
+portions of cegc illustrate the dynamic properties of AIM.  The
+inter-click interval stays at (4/5)*8 for 300 ms and then glides
+linearly to (2/3)*8 ms which, relative to the starting C, is the note
+G.  The inter-click interval stays at (2/3)*8 ms for 300 ms and then
+glides linearly to (1/2)*8 ms which is the final note and the octave
+of the original C.
+
+
+IV. INSTRUCTION AND OPTION SYNTAX
+
+> gen??? [-option -option=value option=value ... -update] inputfile
+
+The input file is assumed to be a headerless binary file; that is it
+is assumed to contain in short integers (2-byte words).
+
+
+The options handler accepts the following three formats:
+
+-option       # turns option "on" (Unix convention)
+ option=value # sets option to the string "value" (standard math)
+-option=value # sets option to the string "value" (mixed unix/math)
+
+So, -swap, swap=on, and -swap=on, all have the same effect.
+
+The options handler also recognises two special options: update and help.
+
+-update (or update=on)
+    
+   This causes the options and values on the command line to be stored
+   in an 'options file' that is named according to the Unix convention
+   ".<program_name>rc".  All of the gen??? instructions search for a
+   file of this form when they are executed, so once an option has been
+   'updated' with a specific value, that value will be used in all
+   subsequent occurances of that instruction in that directory. (Note:
+   The .gen???rc are 'hidden' because the unix command 'ls' does not
+   print files beginning with '.' unless the ls option '-a' is
+   present.)
+
+   CAUTION: Be careful with options files in the users home
+   directory. They will be invoked by instructions executed in any
+   directory that does not have its own specific options file for that
+   instruction and this can be very confusing.
+
+-help (or help=on)
+
+   This causes the current options file to be printed on the screen (stdout).
+   
+   The help option accepts any option name as an argument, and prints the
+   value of that single option on the screen. So 
+
+> genbmm help=channels
+
+   will cause the current number of channels to be printed on the screen.
+
+   The help option also accepts the string 'all'.
+
+> genbmm help=all 
+
+   will cause all options required for BMM output to be printed on the
+   screen (stdout).
+
+   The options and values used in an analysis of BMM can be recorded
+   in the file foo by with the following instruction.
+
+> genbmm help=all > foo
+
+